常見九種英語時態(tài)

1、英語時態(tài)英語時態(tài)一、定義一、定義在英語中，不同時間發(fā)生的動作要用不同的動詞形式來表示，這每一種不同的形式就叫做時態(tài)。二、時態(tài)的種類一般時態(tài)-強調動作本身。具有敘述性質。進行時態(tài)-強調動作的過程。具有描繪性、 生動性完成時態(tài)-強調動作的結果。具有邏輯推導性。完成進行時態(tài)-強調動作的連貫不斷和結果。 具有原因和過程的描述性。 三、常見英語9種時態(tài) 狀態(tài)狀態(tài) 基本結構基本結構 時間時間 一一般般進進行行完完成成完成完成進行進行現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去將來將來過去將來過去將來一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成 時時現(xiàn)在完成進現(xiàn)在完成進行時行時一般過去時一般過去時一般將來時一般將來時過去將

2、來時過去將來時過去進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時 狀態(tài)狀態(tài) 基本結構基本結構 V時間時間 一一般般進進行行完完成成完成完成進行進行be+ V-ing現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去將來將來過去將來過去將來have+ P.Phave been +V-ingV/ V3V-ed+will+wouldworkworksam workingis workingare workinghave workedhas workedhave been working has been workingworkedwas workingwere workinghad workedwill workshall workwould

3、 workshould workA、一般現(xiàn)在時1.構成形式（1）肯定式：1）S +be(am/is/are）+表語（狀態(tài)/處所/年齡/職業(yè)等） 2) S(I/ We /You /They /Sbs)+v. 3)單數(shù)第三人稱構成形式：He /She /It )+Vs /Ves.（2)否定和疑問式：1) S+be(am/is/are) + not . is not = isnt are not= arent Am/ Is/ Are+S+表語？2) S(I/ We/ You / They / Sbs)+dont+V. Do +S+V? dont= do not 3) S(He /She / It /

4、Sb) +doesnt? Does +S+v? doesnt= does not2.用法表示目前或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)或特征.表示客觀存在及普遍真理。表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常和習慣性發(fā)生的動作，常與 sometimes,often,usually,always,every等時間裝于連用。在時間狀語從句中表示將來發(fā)生的動作，主將從現(xiàn)。表示按時間或計劃將要發(fā)生的動作，長與時間狀語連用，常用動詞為：come,begin,go,leave,arrive,stop,start,return,open,close etc etc.3.ExamplesHe looks tired.The sun rises in the e

5、ast and sets down in the west.Practice makes perfect.They usually come to school earlier.When he comes, well go out to meet him.The train leaves at 17:40.B、一般過去時1.構成形式:)肯定形式：was /were+表語 Ved +.)否定形式： was/were not+ 表語 didnt+V. wasnt= was not werent= were not didnt= did not)疑問形式：Was/ were+S+表語? Did +S

6、+V?2.用法表示過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示過去某一段時間內經(jīng)?；蛄晳T性發(fā)生的動作。在狀語從句中表示過去將來發(fā)生的動作。表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動作，最后兩動詞之間用and連接。since 從句常用過去時。注：表示過去習慣性動作時，可以用used to或would，但used to側重于過去與現(xiàn)在的比較，指現(xiàn)在已不那樣了；would注重過去習慣性發(fā)生的動作。3.examplesHe was in Beijing some years ago.She traveled in Europe last year.When I was at collage, I wrote home onc

7、e a week.He said he would go for a holiday when he finished his work.He wet to town ,bought some books and visited his daughter last Sunday.You havent changed much since we last met.She used to take her dog out for a walk along the river.At night she would hear a long low voice.C、一般將來時1、構成形式：（1）肯定式(

8、I/We) shall +V. S+ will +V. (2)否定式S+(I /We) shant +V. shant = shall notS+ wont +V. wont = will not（3）疑問式Shall +S(I /we) + V?Will + S + V?2.用法表示將來某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)（為模糊概念）。will帶有意愿色彩意味，在第二人稱時，用來詢問對方是否愿意或客氣的命令。shall用于第一、三人稱時，用來征求對方意見或表示建議，相當于Lets?3. ExamplesIll go to see a film tomorrow.Will /Would you p

9、lease bring my book next time?Shall we go and see Miss Wang? =Lets go and see miss Wang, shall we?4.表示將來的其它形式Be going to do sth 表示計劃、打算、準備做某事。Be to do sth 表示擬定或計劃中要發(fā)生的動作或按之則必須做的事情。Be about to do sth 常when從句于連用，表示將要做某事時，正在這時。Be on the way to do sth 表示即將發(fā)生的動作。一般現(xiàn)在時有時也可以表示將來的動作（1、在狀語從句中。2、按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作）

10、?，F(xiàn)在進行時也可以表示安排、計劃好要發(fā)生的動作，常用的動詞有come, go, leave, start begin, arrive, return等。5.examplesI am going to leave for Japan next year.The meeting is to be held at 9:00 next morning.You are to hand in your homework this afternoon. She is about to go bed when the telephone rings.He is leaving for Beijing soon

11、.The train starts at 8:00 next morning.When he comes, well go out to meet him.D、過去將來時1.形式S +would /should +V.Was/ were going to do sth.Was /were to do sth.Was /were about to do sth.2.用法表示過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作：常用在賓語從句中，表示從句動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之后。would為情態(tài)動詞時，可表示過去的習慣；現(xiàn)在客氣的請求和愿望。He said that he would go back to his ho

12、metown the next week.The old man would sit in the cocking chair.I would like to a cup of tea.E、現(xiàn)在進行時1、S+ be (am /is /are) +Ving 2、用法：表示此時此刻或現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。某些動詞的進行時可以表示將來發(fā)生的動作。同always, often等連用是表示贊揚、厭煩。在狀語從句中表示將來發(fā)生的動作。He is writing a letter nowIm hoping to hear from you.The boy is always talking in the cl

13、ass.When you are crossing the street, be careful. 3.下列幾類動詞不用進行時時態(tài)感知或感覺的動詞：hear, see, seem, smell, sound, look, feel等。表示心理或情感的動詞：like, love, hate, prefer, wish等。表示狀態(tài)存在的動詞：be, exist, remain, stay, 等。表示占有或存屬關系動詞：have, own, belong, contain等。表示思考、理解等心理活動的動詞：believe, doubt, forget, know, remember, underst

14、and等。F、過去進行時表示過去某一時間或某一段時間內正在S+ was /were+ Ving.進行的動作。描述故事發(fā)生的背景。come, go, leave等動詞的過去進行時表示過去將來。I was doing my homework this time last night.The wind was blowing and it was raining.He said that the train was leaving the station.G、現(xiàn)在完成時S+ has /have+ pp.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結果，常于already, ever, never, just

15、, yet, still等詞連用。表示過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)（常與延續(xù)性動詞連用）。且常與for和since等表示一段時間的狀語連用。即：for+一段時間或since+過去時間或從句。在時間或條件狀語從句中表示將來。注：常與so far, in the past /lastyear, week, day, month等連用。常在It /This /That is+序數(shù)詞time that 從句應用。不與when從句或過去時間狀語連用。S has /have been+地點/here /there ，表示到過或去過某處（有過盡歷）。S has /have gone+地點he

16、re /there,表示去了某處（即不在這里、已離開）。examplesHe hasnt yet turned off the light.She has ever read this book.Ill returned the book to you as soon as I have finished it.He has lived here since last summer.We have been here for 3 years. He has worked in the factory since last year/he came here.China has changed

17、greatly in the past ten years .This is the first time that they have come here.He has been to Australia.He has gone to Australia.終止性動詞和持續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞 延續(xù)性動詞表示的動作不但可以延續(xù)，而且可以產(chǎn)生持久的影響。常見的這類動詞有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延續(xù)性動詞的用法很廣，但常見于現(xiàn)在完成時中的句子中，且常與for，how，lo

18、ng，since等引導的表示一段時間的狀語或狀語從句連用。例如： 1I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China 自從來到中國，我已經(jīng)學會了l，000多個漢字。 2We have lived in Linqing since we came here自從來到這兒，我們就一直住在臨清。 3I have kept the picture for about three years這張畫我保存了大約三年。 終止性動詞 終止性動詞又稱為瞬間動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞，它表示的動作不能延續(xù)，也就是說動作一旦發(fā)生就立即結束，并

19、產(chǎn)生某種結果。常見的這類動詞有：accept，arrive，become，begin，borrow，break，buy，catch，close，come，die，end，fall，finish，get，give，go，join，leave，put，reach，receive，shut，start，stop等。終止性動詞用在現(xiàn)在完成時要注意下面三點： 1.終止性動詞可直接用來表示某一動作的完成。例如： They have reached Shanghai他們已經(jīng)到達了上海。 Has he gone to London? 他已經(jīng)到倫敦去了嗎? 2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)，所以，在現(xiàn)

20、在完成時中一般不能和以since，for等引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如： 那老人已經(jīng)死了一周了。The old man has died for a week(誤) 他三天前就已經(jīng)來這兒了。He has come here since three days ago(誤) 在以上兩句中，die和come都是終止性動詞，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但不能與以 since或for引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。 1把終止性動詞改為延續(xù)性的動詞。例如： The old man has been dead for a week He has been here since three days ago 2把原

21、句中的一段時間改為表示“過去”的時間，時態(tài)由現(xiàn)在完成時改變成一般過去時。例如： The old man died a week ago He came here three days ago 3用“It is+時間+since”句式。例如： It ishas been a week since the old man died It has beenis three days since he came here 4用“多長時間+has passed+since”句式。例如： A week has passed since the old men died Three days had pas

22、sed since he came here examplesexamples1.他來北京五天了。He has been in Beijing for 5 days.He has come to Beijing for 5 days. ()2.小明入團三年了。Xiao Ming has been in the League for 3 years.Xiao Ming has been a League member for 3 yearsXiao Ming has joined the League for three years.3. 這本書他買了一年了He has had this book for a year.He has bought this book for a year. 這本書他借了三天了。He has kept the book for 3 days.He has borrowed the pen for three days.5. 我們離開廣州六年了。We have been away from Guangzhou for 6 years.We have left Guangzhou for 6 years .H、過去完成時 had+ pp.用法：、表示過去某一時間或