pep英語必修2課件_Unit5MusicGrammar

1、寧夏隆德縣中學寧夏隆德縣中學 甘占祖甘占祖1.定語從句：定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。在它所修飾的先行詞之后。（一）定義（一）定義2.先行詞：先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞稱為先行詞。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱為先行詞。3.關系詞：關系詞： 引導定語從句的詞稱為關系詞引導定語從句的詞稱為關系詞,可分可分為關系代詞和關系副詞為關系代詞和關系副詞.關系詞主要有關系代詞和關系副詞關系詞主要有關系代詞和關系副詞關系代詞主要有關系代詞主要有: that, which, who, whom, whose,

2、as等等關系副詞有關系副詞有: when, where, why關系詞通常有下列三個作用：關系詞通常有下列三個作用：A.引導定語從句引導定語從句； B.代替先行詞代替先行詞； C.在定語從句中充當一個成分。在定語從句中充當一個成分。 例如例如:The person who is shaking hands with my teacher is a policeman.（二）關系代詞引導的定語從句（二）關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who 用以指人，在定語從句中用作主語。The students who are playing basketball are from Class Two.Those

3、who want to go to the museum must sign your name here.2. whom 用以用以指人，在定語從句指人，在定語從句中做極物動詞或介詞的賓語中做極物動詞或介詞的賓語,?？沙？墒÷?。省略。例如例如: Mrs Liu is the woman ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. Mary is just the girl ( whom ) I want to see.The person ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.The student ( whom ) the

4、 teacher often praises is our monitor.注意：注意：關系代詞關系代詞 whom 在口語在口語或非正式文體中?？捎没蚍钦轿捏w中?？捎?who 來代替，也可省略。來代替，也可省略。The woman ( whom / who ) you met just now is my English teacher.3. which 指代事物，在定語從指代事物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷?。常可省略。 例如例如: Basketball is a game which is liked by most boys.The factor

5、y which makes bikes is far away from here. 4that 指代人時，相當于指代人時，相當于 who 或或 whom；指代事物時，相當于指代事物時，相當于which,在定語從句中用作主語或賓語，作在定語從句中用作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略賓語時?？墒÷浴he number of people that / who come to this city each year reaches one million.再如再如: Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?The person that /wh

6、om you introduced to me is very kind.The season that / which comes after spring is summer.5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。在定語從句中做定語。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 注意：注意：指物時，常用下列結構來代替指物時，常用下列結構來代替.The classroom whose d

7、oor is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.（三）三）“介詞介詞+關系代詞關系代詞”引導的引導的定語從句定語從句關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由語時，從句常常由“介詞介詞+ +關系代關系代詞詞”引出。引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is

8、very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked. 注意：注意：1.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：如：look for, look after, take care of 等。等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. .若介詞放在

9、關系代詞前，關若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時只可用系代詞指人時只可用whom，不不可用可用who, that；關系代詞指物關系代詞指物時只可用時只可用which，不可用不可用that。關系代詞是所有格時用關系代詞是所有格時用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. .“介詞介詞+關系代詞關系代詞”前還可前還可有有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few等代詞或者數(shù)詞等代詞或者數(shù)詞。 He loves his parents deep

10、ly, both of whom are very kind tohim. （四）關系副詞引導的定語從句（四）關系副詞引導的定語從句1.when 指時間，在定語從句中指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。作時間狀語。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.2. where 指地點，在定語從句指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。中作地點狀語。Shanghai is the city where I was born. I visited t

11、he farm where a lot of cows were raised .The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why 指原因，在定語從句中作指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。原因狀語。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：注意：關系副詞引導的

12、定語從關系副詞引導的定語從句經?？梢杂镁浣洺？梢杂谩敖樵~介詞+ +關系代關系代詞詞”引導的定語從句來表示。引導的定語從句來表示。 From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. （五）限制性定語從句和非限（五）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句制性定語從句A.限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不

13、完整。B.非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。譯法上譯成先行詞的定語“的” 通常譯成主句的并列句。關系詞的使用上A作賓語時可省略B不可省略C可用that D不用thatE可用who 代替 whom F不可用who 代替 whom注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義：注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義：1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her togo to college.她那當兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學.（意含：她還有其他哥哥。） Her brother, who is now a soldie

14、r, always encourages her to go to college.她哥哥是當兵的，他總是鼓勵她上大學。（意含： 她只有一個哥哥。）（一）限制性定語從句中只能用（一）限制性定語從句中只能用that 引導定語從句的情況引導定語從句的情況1.當先行詞是當先行詞是everything, anything, nothing (something 除除外外), all, none, few, little, some等等代詞時，或當先行詞受代詞時，或當先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時。等代詞修飾時。 注意：注意：

15、當先行詞指人時，偶爾當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關系代詞也可用關系代詞who， All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding wereimportant people. Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.3.當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾 時。時。This is the best

16、 film that I have ever seen. 4當先行詞被 the very, the only 修飾時。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thingthat he owns.注意注意：當先行詞指人時，通常用關系代詞 who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend themeeting. 5.當先行詞前面有當先行詞前面有who, which

17、等疑問代詞時等疑問代詞時。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.6.當先行詞為人與動物或人與當先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。物時。 They talked about the persons and things that theyremembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up thestreet. （二）關系代詞（二）關系代詞as和和which 引引導的定語從句導

18、的定語從句as 和和which 引導非限制性定語從引導非限制性定語從句時，句時， 其用法有相同之處，也其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是有不同之處。具體情況是 1. as 和和which都可以在定語從句都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。個句子。 2. as 引導的非限制性定語從句引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。甚至還可以分割主句。 which引引導的非限制性定語從句只可放導的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，在主句之后。另外，as 常常有常常有“正如、正像正如、正像”的含義

19、。的含義。As is known to all, China is a developing country.注意：注意：當主句和從句之間存當主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關系時，在著邏輯上的因果關系時，關系詞往往只用關系詞往往只用which。如：。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made histeacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.3.當先行詞受當先行詞受such, the same 修飾時，修飾時，關系詞常用關系詞常用as。Ive never heard such stories as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.注意：注意：當先行詞受當先行詞受the same 修飾時，修飾時，偶爾也用偶爾也用 that引導定