2019高考英語一輪達標(biāo)Unit1GreatScientists練題(含解析)新人教版必修5

1、Great Scientists李仕才 一、閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C 和 D）中，選出最佳選項。A gunmankilled two membersof a television news crew in the United States earlier this week.TheirTV station broadcast the shooting “l(fā)ive ” in real time.The shooting shocked many Americans andpeople around the world.One USteenager wants t

2、o help prevent such attacks.Kai Kloepfer lives in Boulder ， Colorado.Hehas a talent for technology.He has been teaching himself engineering skills since he was achild.Hearing of so many gun attacks ，he decided to use his skills to help prevent mass shootings.The young mans goal was to make a gun tha

3、t would not work in the hands of a killer.But he knewit would be impossible for him to stop dangerous people from buying guns.So he changed direction.Hedecided to create a gun designed to prevent accidental shootings.The gun Kai Kloepfer designed onlyworks when unlocked by the fingerprint of the own

4、er， and not by anyone else.The gun only recognizesthe touch of its owner.It took the teenager seven months and over 1,500 hours to create a plastic model of his “smartgun” He entered his fingerprint handgun in a local science fair and won.His award included afinancial prize.He received$50,000.The mo

5、ney is to support improvement in gun safety.Kai Kloepfer is now 18 years old.He has been using the grant money to improve thetechnology.He says the weapon he designed doesnt change the function of a firearm at all.It justmakes it safer.He is now working to add the fingerprint lock technology to a re

6、al gun.He says heexpects to one day see his “smart gun”for sale next to other firearms.The young manplans to spend the next year improving his fingerprint handgun.Then he will startcollege at one of the worlds top universitiesthe MassachusettsInstitute of Technology.1Why does Kai Kloepfer try to inv

7、ent the gun?ATo prevent people from buying guns.BTo protect peoples lives.CTo limit functions of a gun.DTo reduce power of a gun.2 The gun created by Kai Kloepfer is controlled by the owners fingerprintA keep it convenient to useB make it safe to carry aroundto2C protect its owner from harmD avoid b

8、eing used by others3 How is the progress of Kai Kloepfers gun invention?A It is being shown in a fair.B It is under further research.C It will soon come into the market.D It needs designing once again.4 Whats Kai Kloepfers wish for his fingerprint gun?A It will bring enough money for him.B It will r

9、eplace traditional guns.C It can be sold on the market.D It can help forbid the use of guns.【解題導(dǎo)語】本篇文章是記敘文，講述了美國一名科技愛好青年 Kai Kloepfer 改良槍 支的故事。1B 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段的“ Hearing of so many gun attacks, he decided to use his skillsto help prevent mass shootings ”和第三段的“ He decided to create a gun designed to p

10、reventaccidental shootings” 可推知，選項 B 為了保護人們的生命”是正確的，所以選 B。2D 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段的“ The gun Kai Kloepfer designed only works when unlockedby the fingerprint of the owner， and not by anyone else.The gun onlyrecognizes the touch of its owner ”可知， Kai Kloepfer 設(shè)計的槍只有槍的主人用指紋 才能打開，而其他任何人都無法使用該槍。這支槍只識別其主人的觸摸。因此選項

11、D “避免被別人使用”正確。3B 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段的“ He has been using the grant money to improve thetechnology ”和“ He is now working to add the fingerprint lock technology to a real gun”可知，他一直在使用這筆獎金來提高技術(shù)，并致力于把指紋鎖技術(shù)運用到真槍中。選項 B “手槍的技術(shù)正在深入研究之中”是可以推理出來的，所以選Bo4C 考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段的“ He says he expects to one day see his smart gu

12、nfor salenext to other firearms”可知，他期待有一天看到他的智能手槍像其他槍一樣被出售，所以選 C。2、單句語法填空31 Only when he arrived _ the meeting begin.答案： did“only 狀語 (從句) ”位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。由時間狀語從句whenhe arrived 可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填 did 。2 Neither I nor John _ (be) tired of the speech. It is interesting.答案： is neither . nor . 連接兩個并列主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循

13、“就近一致” 原則，故填 is 。3 _ (absorb) in writing a letter, he didnt even look up when I came in.答案：Absorbed be absorbed in .全神貫注于.”，此處為分詞作狀語，故填A(yù)bsorbed 。4 That you _ (expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful toyour skin.答案：are exposed be exposed to . 暴露于.； 接觸.”。5 There is no sense in _ (worry) a

14、bout the future.答案： worrying There is no sense in (doing) sth.“(做 ) 某事是沒有意義的”。6While _ (attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in otherfields.答案： attending attend to “處理；照料”，從句的主語和主句主語一致，且謂語部分含有 be 動詞的相應(yīng)形式時， 可省略從句中的主語和 be 動詞，補充完整為： While we areattending to . ，故填 attending 。7 The bank

15、 manager was really _ (blame), though he tried to put it ona clerk.答案： to blame be to blame “應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任”，為主動形式表示被動意義。8 Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to _(set) up someschools for poor children.答案：setti ngcon tribute . to .為.奉獻.”，其中 to 為介詞，其后應(yīng)用名詞、代詞或動名詞形式，故填 setting 。9 My parents t

16、end to accept any idea _(put) forward by experts on TV.答案： put put forward “提出”， 此處應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作后置定語， 修飾名詞 idea 。10 I recognized her voice _ moment I picked up the receiver.、單句語法填空4答案：the the moment 一.就.”。三、完形填空。（2018 山西八校第一次聯(lián)考）45One day,while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer; Dad me

17、ntioned hed alwayswan ted a Crims on King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were _1_ .Like many other parents,mine were hard to _2 _for,so I figured this was agreat opport un ity to get them someth ing theyd _3_also thought two would be even better.Ichecked the _4_ atwork and decided

18、 it was a bit more tha n I could _5_ but all of my siblings（ 兄弟姊妹）agreed to give some money to buy the trees.In northern Ohio,you dont plant maple trees at Christmas,so we decided to_6_ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground _7_.We asked my auntif shed help us with the“ _8

19、_”；and she called my pare nts _9_ _to say she was coming for a Sun day visit.Then my sisters and sisters-i n-law wentinto _10_,planning a big holiday turkey dinner.On the _11 Sun day；we all met at my house and _12_the trees into a truck .I_13 as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents house；Dad wa

20、s14somethingwas wrong first.He and Mom were amazed whe n we told them _15_ we were there.When Christmas _16；of course；we could nt go to our parents houseempty-ha nded；so Mom and Dad got _17_ prese nts that year.Almost half a cen tury later；I _18drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big；ha

21、ndsome19_and remember giv ing a special _20_ to_special people at Christmas in October.1.A.distinctiveB.fragrantC. expensiveD.pretty2.A.shopB.representC. answerD.care3.A.deserveB.appreciateC. advertiseD.imagine4.A.resultB.numberC. priceD.express5.A.affordB.expectC. fancyD.handle6.A.frightenB.assistC

22、. surpriseD.reward7.A.warmedB.frozeC. softenedD.darke ned6& A.trickB.purchase7CchoiceD decoration9 A.in advanceB in timeCby accidentDon purpose10A.serviceB actionC effectD production11 A.regularB separateC givenDchosen12A.sortedB loadedC transported D transplanted13 A.dressed upB passed offC loo

23、ked onD started out14A.delightedB annoyedC disappointed Dconvinced15 A.whenBhowC whyDwhether16 A.came around B dropped outC turned upD drew in17A.generousB additionalC doubleD s pecial18 A.evenBjustC onceD still19A.farmsB treesC trucksD yards20 A.congratulation BgiftC donation D greeting【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文為記敘

24、文， 涉及家庭關(guān)系話題。 作者講述了自己和親人們一起用特別 的方式給其父母帶來驚喜的經(jīng)歷。1 D 上文提及父親想要在庭院種植一棵楓樹，下文提及“ those big, handsome ”， 故此處應(yīng)是母親也欣然同意，認為楓樹很漂亮 (pretty) 。 distinctive “與眾不同的”； fragrant “芳香的”。2 A 根據(jù)上文的“ Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文的“ so Ifigured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下來介紹的作者兄弟姊

25、妹幾人為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者覺得給父母買東西是很難的，故選 shop 購物”。3 B 根據(jù)上文的“ Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Treefor the yard.”及下文介紹的為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者認為這是一個給父母買他們欣賞的東西的好機會。 deserve “值得，應(yīng)得”； appreciate “感激，欣賞”； advertise 8為.做廣告”；imagine 想象”。4 C 根據(jù)下文的“ but all of my siblings( 兄弟姊妹 )agreed to give some

26、 money to buy the trees ”可知，作者在上班時查看了一下楓樹的價格 (price) ，認為它的價格比自己 能支付得起 (afford) 的還要高一點。 express “快遞”。5 A 參見上題解析。6C 從下文作者聯(lián)合其姑姑來幫忙實施這個計劃以及計劃具體實施的內(nèi)容可知， 作者 他們想給父母一個驚喜 (surprise) 。 assist “幫助，協(xié)助”。7 B 根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“ In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees atChristmas ”“ a special Christmas in October be

27、fore the ground”可知，作者他們決定在土地上凍之前讓父母度過一個特別的圣誕節(jié)。freeze “結(jié)冰”符合語境。soften “變軟，軟化”。8 A 根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者詢問姑姑是否可以幫忙實施這個“騙局 (trick) ”。9A 根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者的姑姑提前 (in advance) 給作者的父母打電話說她會 在周日來拜訪。 in time “及時”； by accident “意外地”； on purpose “故意地”。10 B 根據(jù)下文的“ planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，隨后，作者的姊妹和嫂子 ( 或弟媳 ) 行動

28、起來。 go into action “行動起來”符合語境。 go into service “投 入使用”； go into effect “生效”； go into production “投產(chǎn)”。11 D 根據(jù)語境可知，作者和親人們在選定的 (chosen) 那個周日聚到自己家里。 regular “慣常的，有規(guī)律的”。12 B 根據(jù)下文的“ the trees into a truck ”可知，作者他們把樹裝上 (loaded) 卡 車。 transport“運輸，運送”； transplant “移植”。13 A 根據(jù)下文的“ as Santa Claus ”可知，作者把自己裝扮 (

29、dressed up) 成圣誕老 人。passsb./sth.off as 把.冒充為.”；look on sb./sth.as 把.當(dāng)做.”；start out as 以.開始，起初是.”。14 D 根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“ something was wrong first ”可知，作者的父親一 開始堅信哪里出了問題。 convinced “確信，堅信”符合語境。15C 根據(jù)語境可知， 當(dāng)我們告訴他們我們?yōu)槭裁?(why) 會在那里的時候， 父母感到很 吃驚。16A 根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知， 當(dāng)又到圣誕節(jié)時， 作者他們?nèi)ヌ酵改浮?comearound “再 次出現(xiàn)，再度發(fā)生”；drop ou

30、t 退出”；turn up 出現(xiàn)”；draw in “(白天變得)漸短”。17 C 根據(jù)上文的“ In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas9so we decided to.with a special Christmas in October時候已經(jīng)為父母送上了一份特別的圣誕節(jié)禮物， 而在真正的圣誕節(jié)到來的時候， 他們又不能 空手去拜訪自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了雙份的 (double) 圣誕節(jié)禮物。 additiona l “額外的”。18 D 根據(jù)上下文語境可知，時隔幾乎半個世紀之后，當(dāng)作者看到那些高大、漂

31、亮的 楓樹 (trees)時依然 (still) 會面帶微笑地駛過那個農(nóng)場。19 B 參見上題解析。20 B 作者看著那些楓樹時，會想起自己多年前在特別的圣誕節(jié)送給父母特別的禮物(gift) 。 上 文 中 的 “ presents that year ” 亦 是 關(guān) 鍵 提 示 。 donation “ 捐 贈 物 ” ； greeting“問候”。四、單句改錯1 Although defeating in the match, we didnt lose heart.答案：defeating f defeated此處表示在比賽中被打敗，故應(yīng)用過去分詞表被動。2 When I opened

32、the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbing in thenewspaper.答案：absorbingfabsorbed(be) absorbed in全神貫注于.，此處為過去分詞短語作狀語。3It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.答案：去掉 a make sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，為固定用 法，故去掉 a。4 Neither the teacher nor

33、the students is content with the result.答案： isfare neither . nor . 連接兩主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。 5 The plan wasput forward at yesterdays meeting, in my opinion, is quitepractical.答案：去掉 was 或 was 前加 which/that 該句中已有謂語動詞is, 故 put forward atyesterdays meeting 為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾作主語的名詞 plan ；也可用定語從 句作定語修飾先行詞 plan ，

34、因此添加定語從句的關(guān)系詞引出定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作 主語，先行詞指物，所以在was 前加 which/that 。五、七選五可知，作者他們在十月份的10Are Your Clothes Causi ng Pollutio n?Very small pieces of plastic, called microfiber , are polluting rivers andoceans._1_ Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are ofte n made ofartificial materials , which are

35、useful in keep ing warm.But they con tain very small plastic fibers , whichmay also be harming the environment when you wash them.When people wash these clothes , verysmall pieces go down the drain（ 下水道）with the wash water._2_Pollutioncaused by plastic is not new, but recent studies have shown the e

36、ffectof microfiber on the environment.Studies show microfiber is ending up in our waters , which may comefrom waste water treatme nt factories.A 2015 study found it in fish from California.Microfibers effect on food suppliesBeyond the waterways , the researchers say microfiber may end up in soil and

37、agricultural la nds. _3_ This means there is much to be lear ned about microfiberand the en vir onment.Some studies have show n that microfiber ends up in side sea ani mals, likeoysters._4_ Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue ofthe fish , but it needs more study.Steps to keep microfiber from the environmentUn til more in formatio nbecomes kn