中低產(chǎn)土壤論文：中低產(chǎn)土壤GIS土體構(gòu)型土壤肥力地統(tǒng)計學(xué)

1、中低產(chǎn)土壤論文：中低產(chǎn)土壤 GIS 土體構(gòu)型 土壤肥力地統(tǒng) 計學(xué)【中文摘要】土壤和水是自然環(huán)境的兩個主要構(gòu)成要素，兩者之間存在著發(fā)生上的密切關(guān)聯(lián)，正是因為如此，土壤信息與水信息是密 不可分的，當(dāng)前，水土資源浪費(fèi)及環(huán)境問題日益突出，保護(hù)耕地數(shù)量和 質(zhì)量、發(fā)展應(yīng)用高效節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)、提高水土資源的利用率是緩解我國水 土資源緊缺、實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)的重要措施。因此，無論是從農(nóng)業(yè)還是 環(huán)境角度看，準(zhǔn)確掌握土壤信息是合理利用水資源的重要環(huán)節(jié)。本文 以對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和水資源保護(hù)具有典型意義的河南省潮土砂質(zhì)中低產(chǎn) 土壤為例，以主要 10 個分布縣第二次土壤普查時的 1： 5 萬地形圖及 行政區(qū)劃圖、1：5 萬土壤圖為基礎(chǔ)

2、數(shù)據(jù)源建立空間數(shù)據(jù)庫，借助 GIS 和 GPS 室內(nèi)布點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行野外采樣，共采集樣品 616 個作為屬性數(shù)據(jù)源，建立該區(qū)土壤數(shù)據(jù)庫并在 ArcGIS9.2 中進(jìn)行土壤特性的變異分析和 評價,研究結(jié)論如下：1、在數(shù)據(jù)庫的基礎(chǔ)上，系統(tǒng)分析和探討了河南 省砂質(zhì)潮土中低產(chǎn)土壤的空間分布組合模式、變異特征，編制數(shù)字化空間分布圖。根據(jù)實際采樣診斷土壤類型并在 GIS 界面修正原始土壤 分布圖，完善了當(dāng)?shù)氐耐寥缊D，并且在制圖過程中將研究區(qū)行政區(qū)劃 圖根據(jù)最新情況做了修訂。研究區(qū)砂土和砂壤土占據(jù)了60%上的面積，典型縣的土壤特性空間變異明顯。2、在揭示土壤發(fā)生學(xué)特性及自 然、人為影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建砂質(zhì)潮土障

3、礙因素的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對 不同區(qū)域的障礙土壤進(jìn)行障礙性分級并建立定量化評價指標(biāo)體系。以土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、全磷、全鉀、速效氮、速效磷、速效鉀、CECpH 容重十項指標(biāo)構(gòu)建評價體系，按照土壤發(fā)生層次組成，將研究區(qū)土 壤分為上壤下粘型、通體壤型、上壤下砂型和通體砂型，結(jié)果表明土壤特性在表層處于二三級較多，特別是土壤 CEC 和 pH 全部處于三級；在深度方向上，土壤特性在上壤下粘構(gòu)型中與質(zhì)地有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系 其它構(gòu)型中土壤特性在表層富集，隨深度增加含量降低，在 40 cm 以后 趨于穩(wěn)定,CEC 含量、容重和 pH 在 0-140 cm 表現(xiàn)為通體三級水平。3、 分析和闡明分布于不同地區(qū)的砂質(zhì)潮土中低產(chǎn)

4、土壤生產(chǎn)力現(xiàn)狀、低產(chǎn)因素。結(jié)果表明，研究區(qū)優(yōu)等地主要分布于通許縣，整個研究區(qū)土壤肥 力綜合評價指數(shù)為 0.10-0.66,小于 0.5 的土壤有 80%以上,整體肥力 不佳。土壤肥力與土體構(gòu)型關(guān)系密切，優(yōu)等地多出現(xiàn)在上壤下粘和通 體壤構(gòu)型上，而差等地基本都處于通體砂或上壤下砂構(gòu)型中，土壤低 產(chǎn)因素主要表現(xiàn)為砂化嚴(yán)重，粘粒含量少；土體構(gòu)型不良；土壤緊實 并且呈偏石灰性?！居⑽恼?Soil and water are chief eleme nts of n aturalen vir onment, there exists strong tie betwee n the two. Justb

5、ecause of this, soil information and water information havean in separable relati on ship,involving multi-type data fusi on,development and mining of related knowledge. The waste of soil andwater resources as well as en vir onment problem get worse at present,the methods of protecting cultivated lan

6、d, developing agriculture ofhigh-efficiency and water-saving,appl ying water-sav ingirrigati ontech no logies,in creas ing theutilization rate of soil and water resource are needed for alleviati ng theshortage of soil and water resource, as well as achiev ing susta in ableagriculture. As a result, i

7、t s animportant part to get the soil information exactly for intelligent use ofwater resources, not only from agriculture angle but also fromenvironment.Sandy middle-and-low-yiedling soil in Henan Provincewhich is important for agricultural industry and protection of waterresource is selected as a c

8、ase.The spatial database was established based on the 1:50000 topographicmap, admi nistrative map and soil map from the second national soilsurvey in the 10 selected counties, sampli ngs were set up and the ngathered with the help of GIS and GPS,616 sampli ngs were collectedserv ing as source of att

9、ribute data, the soil database was built and thesoil quality were an alyzed and accessed by ArcGIS9.2. The researchcon clusi ons are as follow in g:1. The comb in ati on of spatial distributi onpatter ns and the variati on features were an alyzedand explored along with compilatio n of the digital space distribution map.The original soil map was amended and perfected in GIS in terfacebased on act