高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)(完整)

1、高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)(完整)一、單項(xiàng)選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞1New York is the fashion capital of the world, says a new study on Feb 4. 2014 by the Global Language Monitor (GLM), Pairs _ second, with Shanghai _10th while Hongkong 20th.Acoming, ranks Bcome, ranked Ccomes, ranking Dcoming, ranking【答案】D【解析】D考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：2月4日的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，紐約是世

2、界的時(shí)尚之都。2014年全球語言監(jiān)測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)(GLM)排名第二，上海排名第10，香港排名第20。Come和Pair是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用動(dòng)詞ing形式，rank與Shanghai是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用動(dòng)詞ing形式，故選D。2_on this report，the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent.AHaving basedBBasingCBasedDTo be based【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。be based on以為基礎(chǔ)。在句中作狀語，故用其based。選C。3

3、Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _ him up.Awake BwakenCto wake Dwaking【答案】D【解析】一旦他睡著了，我叫醒他就有很大的困難。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難，選D。4_ terrible, the medicine was thrown away by the child.ATastedBTastingCTo tasteDBeing tasted【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這種藥嘗起來非常難吃，被這個(gè)孩子扔掉了。主語是medicine

4、，taste與主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且taste是系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選B。5Look over there! There is a long, winding path _ up to the house.AleadBleadingCledDto lead【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：看那邊!有一條長長的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，這是個(gè)there be 句型，因此，此處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，path與lead是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選B。6Life is a journey _with hardships, joys and special moments.

5、AfilledBto fillCfillingDhaving filled【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，句意：生命是一個(gè)充滿艱辛，快樂和特別時(shí)刻的旅程。在題干中_with hardship做journey的后置定語，與所修飾的journey構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞filled。be filled with做定語的時(shí)候，可以把be去掉。也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。故選A。7Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _here.Apeople smoking Bpeople smoke Cto smoke Dsmoking【答案】D【解析】試題分析：

6、句意：-我可以在這里吸煙嗎？-對(duì)不起，我們不允許在這里吸煙。allow sb to do 允許某人做某事；allow doing允許做某事。根據(jù)句意故選D。考點(diǎn)：考查冠詞的用法。8Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad.AAttendBTo attendCAttendingDHaving attended【答案】C【解析】主句 .Disti

7、nguished guests and friends are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad. Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning非謂語動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語。9(山東) There is a note pinned to the door _ when the shop will open again.AsayingBsaysCsaidDhaving said【答案】A【解析】試題分析：在這個(gè)句子中note和say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用saying。此處saying引導(dǎo)的句子

8、做伴隨狀語。句意為：門上釘著張紙條，寫著這家商店什么時(shí)候再營業(yè)。故答案選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！局R(shí)拓展】非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇要根據(jù)所填的動(dòng)詞及它所要修飾的邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系確定。doing表主動(dòng)表進(jìn)行；done表被動(dòng)表完成；to do表目的表將來。【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查非謂語。先把句子簡(jiǎn)化：There is a note (which is pinned to the door) saying when the shop will open again.伴隨狀語是指狀語從句的動(dòng)作伴隨主句發(fā)生，它所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作而發(fā)生或存在的，本題考查的是現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語,用ing

9、形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語表示與主句的主語在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動(dòng)意義；而過去分詞短語則表示與主句的主語在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即被動(dòng)意義；如：He went to the classroom holding two books； He went to the forest , followed by two dogs.10The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.Ato be heardBto have heardChearingDbeing heard【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

10、形式。句意：孩子們?cè)陲堊琅匀绱舜舐暤卣f話，以致于我不得不努力使得自己被聽到?！皊truggle to do sth”意思是努力做某事；“hear”和其邏輯主語“I”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。故選A。11_ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.AHaving eaten BTo eatCEat DEating【答案】A【解析】試題分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句主語為Tina，前半句為從句，應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，故排除C。不定與主要表目的和將來，故排除B。主句主語和eat之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且ea

11、t這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)表示。故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語12 ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.AHaving freedBFreedCTo freeDFreeing【答案】C【解析】試題分析：在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，如果從句談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)有可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)及其產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)的結(jié)果，主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。此句中的whos to say that another person will?可知

12、主句用的是將來時(shí)，故if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：這就是為什么我要使人們的日子變得鮮活起來。如果你不這樣做，你說誰會(huì)這樣做？【考點(diǎn)定位】考查if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語。13I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _with students.AworkingBworkCto workDworked【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：我在海上航行和現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起工作一樣快樂。分析句子可知，have fun doing sth.做某事很開心，as I now do working with students補(bǔ)充完整為as I no

13、w have fun working with students。故選A。14Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when _ to sunlight.AexposedBto exposeCexposingDbeing exposed【答案】A【解析】試題分析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本題考查短語be exposed to暴露與。句意：處理這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)時(shí)要小心，因?yàn)樗┞对陉柟庀聲r(shí)會(huì)爆炸。故A正確?？键c(diǎn)：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞15（四川）Little Tom sat _watching the monkey danci

14、ng in front of him.AamazeBamazingCamazedDto amaze【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞作狀語。句意：小湯姆坐在那里驚訝地看著猴子在他面前跳舞。amazed感到驚訝的，修飾人，此處作伴隨狀語，表狀態(tài)。本題主要考查B、C之間的區(qū)別，選項(xiàng)B意為：令人吃驚的，常修飾物；而選項(xiàng)C意為：感到吃驚的，常修飾人。故選C。16_ what had happened, they knew I would struggle and simply wanted to help because it was the right thing to do.AHearingBT

15、o have heardCHaving heardDHeard【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語作狀語。句意：聽到發(fā)生的事情之后，他們知道我會(huì)努力，他們只是想幫忙，因?yàn)檫@是正確的事情。分析句子可知，本句的主語是they，與動(dòng)詞hear是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，空格發(fā)生的事是在they knew之前，因此要用完成時(shí)，故選C。17"We can't go out in this weather, "said Bob, _ out of the window.AlookingBto lookClookedDhaving looked【答案】A【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語

16、。句意：Bob看著窗外說：“這樣的天氣我們不能出去”。本句中l(wèi)ook與said是同時(shí)進(jìn)行，we與look之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故選A。18The Haiti earthquake at the beginning of 2010 is believed _ more than 100,0130 people and makes millions homeless, _ it perhaps the most destroying earthquake in history.Ato kill; making Bto have killed; making Chaving ki

17、lled; to make Dkilling; made【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)認(rèn)為，2010年的海地地震造成了1000130人的死亡，幾百萬人無家可歸，這使得它成為歷史上最具破壞性的地震。sth is believed to have done是固定句型，意思是“據(jù)認(rèn)為”，故第一空填to have killed；分析句式，第二空所在處做句子的結(jié)果狀語，死傷人數(shù)眾多，成為史上最嚴(yán)重的地震是自然而然的結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，故選B。19New policies, _ to insure that compulsory education is truly free,

18、 _ by the local government across China since the start of school on September 1.Aintending; have been made knownBintended; have been made knownCintending; are made knownDintended; had made known【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：自從9月1號(hào)開學(xué)以來，為了確保義務(wù)教育是真的免費(fèi)的政策已經(jīng)被全國各地的政府知曉。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，第一空處是做policies的定語，且與其是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此

19、處是過去分詞短語做后置定語；根據(jù)上文可知，新的政策已經(jīng)被知道，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語是policies，與謂語make known之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選B。【點(diǎn)睛】動(dòng)詞作為?？荚~性，要求考生掌握其精確的用法，在考查其謂語形式是?？紕?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，語態(tài)主要靠分析出主謂關(guān)系和動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。對(duì)于被動(dòng)語態(tài)首先要知道其基本結(jié)構(gòu)（be done），其次是要根據(jù)需要的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱選擇be的形式。本小題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)均進(jìn)行了考查，要求考生們?nèi)娣治鲈囶}，不可顧此失彼。20With my money _, I went back home.Aran out ofBran outCrunning

20、outDrunning out of【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，句意：我的錢用完了，我就回家了。With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在這里做原因狀語，with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（非謂語動(dòng)詞），所以排除AB項(xiàng)，run out of是及物動(dòng)詞，后面要接賓語，否則是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除D，Run out是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用被動(dòng)式， 選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)21Moving to Canada for higher education has been exciting. On the first day of term, there were crowds of people in the do

21、rmitory, all where they should go.Alooked forBlooking forCwere looking forDhad been looking for【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：到加拿大接受高等教育令人興奮，開學(xué)第一天，宿舍擠滿了人，大家都在找自己該去的地方。People與look for是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)，用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，故B項(xiàng)正確。22The news said that the death toll in the tsunami in Indonesia had climbed over 400, with a

22、lot more reported _.Ato miss Bto have been missing Chaving missed Dmissing【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：新聞報(bào)道稱，印尼海嘯造成的死亡人數(shù)已攀升至400多人，據(jù)報(bào)道還有更多人失蹤。分析句子可知，be reported to do sth “被報(bào)道做某事”為固定短語，且在本句中被應(yīng)用到with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。本句中表示“be missing”發(fā)生在“report”之前，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)。故B選項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)睛】動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式有一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式、完成進(jìn)行式四種時(shí)態(tài)變化形式，一般式

23、和完成式有被動(dòng)語態(tài)變化形式。 1）不定式的時(shí)態(tài)意義不定式的時(shí)態(tài)是以句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間為依據(jù)的。不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生不定式的進(jìn)行式不定式的進(jìn)行式表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。不定式的完成式不定式的完成時(shí)表達(dá)下列意義：a. 不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。b. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等詞后，不定式的完成式表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、期

24、待、想法、打算或計(jì)劃等。to have + 過去分詞表示動(dòng)作， to have been表示狀態(tài)。C .用在seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作先于另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，而且一直進(jìn)行著。 come + 不定式表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過程He will come to understand it in the end.他最終會(huì)懂得的。分析句子可知，be reported to do sth “被報(bào)道做某事”為固定短語，且在本句中被應(yīng)用到with的符合結(jié)構(gòu)中。本句中表示“be missing”發(fā)生在“rep

25、ort”之前，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)。故B選項(xiàng)正確。23I think it a great honor _ to visit your country.Ato inviteBinvitingChaving invitedDto be invited【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查不定式用法。句意：我認(rèn)為被邀請(qǐng)來訪問你們的國家是一件十分榮幸的事情。本句中不定式to be invited to visit your country是真正的賓語，it是形式賓語。故D正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】本句考查不定式作真正的賓語，it是形式賓語。it作形式賓語，通常和下列動(dòng)詞連用：consider, think, mak

26、e, find, believe, feel, guess.。一般說來，當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作賓語且其后跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，就應(yīng)在賓語補(bǔ)足語前使用形式賓語，而將真正的賓語移至句末。24The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _on their parents laps.Aincluding; seatedBincluding; seatingCincluded; satDincluded; sitting【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查介詞和過去分詞。句意：這個(gè)大廳擠滿了人，包括一些坐在父母腿上的小孩。incl

27、ude是介詞,由其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這個(gè)句子是做狀語成分之用.including somebody，包括某人=somebody included，seated是動(dòng)詞+ed,其引導(dǎo)的"seated on their parents' laps"是后置定語的成分,表示狀態(tài)，用來修飾前面的"children"。故選A。25(重慶) Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_ the sun and the stars.AusedBhaving usedCusingDuse【答案】C【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查非謂

28、語動(dòng)詞。句意：象古代的水手，鳥能利用太陽和星辰來找到他們的路。謂語動(dòng)詞是can find，故use用非謂動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語，與邏輯主語birds是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語，根據(jù)句意，use這一動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】伴隨狀語是指狀語從句的動(dòng)作伴隨主句發(fā)生，它的特點(diǎn)是：它所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作而發(fā)生或存在的，這個(gè)考點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，本題考查的是分詞做伴隨狀語，分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞短語表示與主句的主語在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動(dòng)意義； 而過去分詞短語則表示與主句的主語在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即被動(dòng)意義；He sen me an

29、 e-mail hoping to ge further information 他給我發(fā)一封電子郵件，希望得到更多的信息； He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 他匆忙進(jìn)了大廳，后面跟著兩個(gè)警衛(wèi)。26A hearty laugh relieves physical tension, _your muscles relaxed for over half an hour.Ato leaveBleftCleavingDleave【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：開懷大笑可以緩解身體緊張，至少可以使你的肌肉放松半小時(shí)。分析句子可知，空格處做伴隨狀語。且與邏輯主語laugh構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。故選C。27I watched Mike's adolescence, _ he ran into trouble, _things at