一、高考閱讀能力測試的主要要求demands二、閱讀理解常見

1、一、高考閱讀能力測試的主要要求一、高考閱讀能力測試的主要要求二、閱讀理解常見題型及解題方法二、閱讀理解常見題型及解題方法 1、直接信息題（細(xì)節(jié)題）、直接信息題（細(xì)節(jié)題） 2、主旨?xì)w納題、主旨?xì)w納題 3、推理判斷題、推理判斷題 4、猜測詞義題、猜測詞義題三、快速閱讀的步驟與要求三、快速閱讀的步驟與要求高考閱讀能力測試的主要要求高考閱讀能力測試的主要要求 1、掌握所讀材料的主旨大意，以及用以說明主旨和大、掌握所讀材料的主旨大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的細(xì)節(jié)和事實。意的細(xì)節(jié)和事實。 2、既理解字面具體意思、既理解字面具體意思，也理，也理解深層抽象含義解深層抽象含義，包括作者的態(tài)，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖

2、等。度、意圖等。 3、既理解某句、某段的意思，也理解全篇邏輯關(guān)系、既理解某句、某段的意思，也理解全篇邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷，并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷。 4、既能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合中學(xué)、既能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識去理解。生應(yīng)有的常識去理解。閱讀理解常見題型及解題方法閱讀理解常見題型及解題方法一、直接信息題（細(xì)節(jié)題）一、直接信息題（細(xì)節(jié)題） 直接信息題多從文章的某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計題目。直接信息題多從文章的某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計題目。其題目設(shè)計的方式一般有：其題目設(shè)計的方式一般有： 1、以、以who, what, when, whe

3、re 等疑問詞開頭提問短文的具等疑問詞開頭提問短文的具體內(nèi)容。體內(nèi)容。 2、以、以true or false 形式，讓考生判斷文章某一事實或細(xì)節(jié)。形式，讓考生判斷文章某一事實或細(xì)節(jié)。 3、 句意轉(zhuǎn)換理解。句意轉(zhuǎn)換理解。 4、就文中具體內(nèi)容進行簡單計算，排序，識圖等。、就文中具體內(nèi)容進行簡單計算，排序，識圖等。 這類題目的信息一般在文章中可以這類題目的信息一般在文章中可以直接找到直接找到，大家，大家只要抓準(zhǔn)文中與題目有關(guān)的信息詞、句、稍加分只要抓準(zhǔn)文中與題目有關(guān)的信息詞、句、稍加分析，便可得出正確答案析，便可得出正確答案。原文：原文：When he got to his uncles watch

4、 factory, Jack got off his bike and hid himself and the bike behind the big tree near the factory.如：如： Where did Jack hide himself and his bike ?選擇正確答案：選擇正確答案：1. The teacher told his students to do the second and the third exercises, but they should leave the first exercise out.How many exercises sh

5、ould the students do ?A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Zero.2. Jean and Mary asked Della to go out for a walk, but she didnt want to.Who probably did not go out ? A. Jean. B. Mary. C. Della. D. Jean and Mary.細(xì)節(jié)題訓(xùn)練細(xì)節(jié)題訓(xùn)練BC3. The answers to the questions which were in part 3 of the English test that we had

6、 were rather difficult for most of us.How many parts does the English test have? A. Only three. B. At least three. C. Obviously more than three. D. Only four.B 間接事實題間接事實題解此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷。解此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷。 Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “St

7、ars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part i

8、n the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for su

9、ch competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q： Which of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Li

10、n is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 二、主旨?xì)w納題二、主旨?xì)w納題 主旨大意題型主要測試讀者對短文的全面主旨大意題型主要測試讀者對短文的全面理解和概括能力。提問的內(nèi)容可能是理解和概括能力。提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大全文的大意意，也可能是，也可能是某段的段落大意某段的段落大意。針對主旨問題。針

11、對主旨問題有時不易直接在文中找到答案。有時不易直接在文中找到答案。 為了要準(zhǔn)確而又迅速地找到短文的中心句為了要準(zhǔn)確而又迅速地找到短文的中心句（表達(dá)中心思想的主題句），（表達(dá)中心思想的主題句）， 我們首先要明確我們首先要明確作者的寫作意圖和文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。作者的寫作意圖和文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。 1、表達(dá)中心思想的主題句出現(xiàn)在、表達(dá)中心思想的主題句出現(xiàn)在篇首篇首。 2、表達(dá)中心思想的主題句出現(xiàn)在、表達(dá)中心思想的主題句出現(xiàn)在篇末篇末。 3、含有中心思想的主題句出現(xiàn)在、含有中心思想的主題句出現(xiàn)在文章中間。文章中間。 4、文章中沒有哪一句明確表達(dá)主旨大意時，、文章中沒有哪一句明確表達(dá)主旨大意時， 主主旨大意已旨大意已

12、隱含在全文中隱含在全文中。凡遇到這種情況時，要。凡遇到這種情況時，要求讀者自己根據(jù)提出的問題，在仔細(xì)閱讀，全面求讀者自己根據(jù)提出的問題，在仔細(xì)閱讀，全面理解的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合上下文仔細(xì)琢磨推敲和概括，理解的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合上下文仔細(xì)琢磨推敲和概括，找出與試題有關(guān)的信息，作出正確判斷。找出與試題有關(guān)的信息，作出正確判斷。針對短文中心思想或主旨大意提問的方式主要有以下幾針對短文中心思想或主旨大意提問的方式主要有以下幾種：種： 1.The best title for this article is _.2. The passage is about _ 3. The main idea (topic, s

13、ubject) of the passage is about _ . 4. The passage is chiefly concerned with_5. which of the following best sum up the passage ?三、推理判斷題三、推理判斷題 推理判斷題著重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維推理判斷題著重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進行能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，設(shè)計面廣，如推理判斷。此類題目難度大，設(shè)計面廣，如人物的人物的性格性格、心理心理、故事的、故事的結(jié)局、寓意、結(jié)局、寓意、文文章的章的出處、體裁出處、

14、體裁，作者的，作者的傾向、態(tài)度傾向、態(tài)度等。其等。其題目設(shè)計的方式一般有：題目設(shè)計的方式一般有： 1. We can infer(推斷）推斷）from the passage that _ . 2. The story suggests(暗示）暗示）that _ . 3. We can conclude(得出結(jié)論）得出結(jié)論）from the passage that _ . 4. Which of the following might happen later ? 5. The passage is probably taken from a _ . 做這類題目時，大家必須透過文章的字做這類

15、題目時，大家必須透過文章的字面意思，領(lǐng)悟隱含在字里行間的內(nèi)涵、哲理，面意思，領(lǐng)悟隱含在字里行間的內(nèi)涵、哲理，體會作者的言外之意、弦外之音。在進行推理體會作者的言外之意、弦外之音。在進行推理判斷時還應(yīng)注意：判斷時還應(yīng)注意： 1、抓住文中的關(guān)鍵詞句等展開邏輯推理抓住文中的關(guān)鍵詞句等展開邏輯推理，所，所選答案必須能從文中找到依據(jù)，合乎情理，選答案必須能從文中找到依據(jù)，合乎情理，切切忌脫離原文，只憑自已的主觀臆斷、想象。忌脫離原文，只憑自已的主觀臆斷、想象。 2、可以、可以結(jié)合常識結(jié)合常識判斷，但決不能以自已的常判斷，但決不能以自已的常識代替邏輯推理識代替邏輯推理 Miss Jackson who t

16、eaches at the Setllement House isnt rich, but she knows things. She understands people . Her eyes look straight into yours when she talks with you. Everybody else here looks away because theyre ashamed of their lives. Id like to see the children be like Miss Jackson when they grow up. The writer sug

17、gests that her family_. A.is rich B.is unhappy C. are satisfied with their life D.long for a change in their lifeD Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or

18、 do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes

19、. Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr. Neff?A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand

20、.B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful.C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.D. He does not like Mr. Neff.解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會他的態(tài)度，特別是解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會他的態(tài)度，特別是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes. 誤了車或飛誤了車或飛機本該是人的失誤怎能歸咎于車或飛機呢？明顯是譏諷，也是暗示他機本該是人的失誤怎能歸咎于車或飛機呢？明顯是譏諷，也是暗示他對對Mr. Neff

21、的討厭之情。答案為的討厭之情。答案為D。 四、猜測詞義題四、猜測詞義題 根據(jù)上下文的說明。1、He was one of 80 middle school students from China attending a month-long “Youth Summit” . The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary(周年) of President Nixons journey to China, which was the turning point in China-U. S. relation. The Youth Summit was ai

22、med at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions.The words “Youth Summit” refer to _. A. visit to the Nixon Library B. the Chinese students visit to the U. S. C. a meeting discussing relations between China and the U. S. D. act

23、ivities to strengthen the tie between the Chinese and American students.c快速閱讀的步驟快速閱讀的步驟 第一步：迅速閱讀問題。注意每一問題的第一步：迅速閱讀問題。注意每一問題的主語，疑問詞及重要的謂語，還需要特別主語，疑問詞及重要的謂語，還需要特別注意問句中出現(xiàn)的下列單詞：注意問句中出現(xiàn)的下列單詞：not, unless, without, on the other hand, except, rather than, although, as well, always, never, all 等等。等等。 第二步：以最快

24、的速度讀完全文。不要擔(dān)第二步：以最快的速度讀完全文。不要擔(dān)心有些地方不能完全理解。心有些地方不能完全理解。第三步：再次快速閱讀。通過這一第三步：再次快速閱讀。通過這一步，已知道一些重點詞、事實或有步，已知道一些重點詞、事實或有關(guān)材料在文中的位置，文章中的特關(guān)材料在文中的位置，文章中的特殊信息，如時間、地點、人名、數(shù)殊信息，如時間、地點、人名、數(shù)字等，可以邊閱讀、邊用筆劃下來。字等，可以邊閱讀、邊用筆劃下來。同時，把較容易的問題確定下來。同時，把較容易的問題確定下來。第四步：收尾、核查。如果經(jīng)過第四步：收尾、核查。如果經(jīng)過前三步還有問題，就盡可能在所前三步還有問題，就盡可能在所給的選擇項中，排除

25、一些明顯不給的選擇項中，排除一些明顯不可能的選項，猜估答案，以提高可能的選項，猜估答案，以提高得分率，切忌空選。得分率，切忌空選?？焖匍喿x的要求快速閱讀的要求高三學(xué)生每分鐘應(yīng)達(dá)到高三學(xué)生每分鐘應(yīng)達(dá)到50-60個個詞。詞。擴大視幅。擴大視幅。閱讀技能及策略閱讀技能及策略閱讀過程可分三步。閱讀過程可分三步。第一步應(yīng)著重培養(yǎng)以下幾種技能第一步應(yīng)著重培養(yǎng)以下幾種技能與策略：與策略：猜測詞義：猜測詞義：辨認(rèn)要點和重要信息、話語中的標(biāo)記詞辨認(rèn)要點和重要信息、話語中的標(biāo)記詞（however, also, therefore 等）、指代詞（等）、指代詞（this, those, that, it 等）；等）；

26、瀏覽（瀏覽（skimming)：以迅速了解讀物要旨，了解作者以迅速了解讀物要旨，了解作者意圖或文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一種有選擇性的、有意圖或文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一種有選擇性的、有針對性的閱讀技巧；針對性的閱讀技巧；審讀審讀 (scanning)：以快速找出具體信息，如人名、以快速找出具體信息，如人名、數(shù)字等等，準(zhǔn)確找出或歸納出句中的主旨大意：數(shù)字等等，準(zhǔn)確找出或歸納出句中的主旨大意：推理推理 (inferring)：依據(jù)特定的語篇語境，在依據(jù)特定的語篇語境，在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過邏輯推斷，分析體會作理解的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過邏輯推斷，分析體會作者的思想，總結(jié)歸納作者的意圖，了解文章者的思想，總結(jié)歸納作者的

27、意圖，了解文章的內(nèi)涵和的內(nèi)涵和“弦外之音弦外之音”；預(yù)測（預(yù)測（predicting)：根據(jù)前文出現(xiàn)的信息對根據(jù)前文出現(xiàn)的信息對可能后繼的信息作出預(yù)測或根據(jù)文章開頭提可能后繼的信息作出預(yù)測或根據(jù)文章開頭提出初步設(shè)想，猜測故事的內(nèi)容和可能會發(fā)生出初步設(shè)想，猜測故事的內(nèi)容和可能會發(fā)生的情節(jié)。的情節(jié)。 第二步：第二步：運用先前獲取的知識和經(jīng)驗進行運用先前獲取的知識和經(jīng)驗進行推理，驗證開頭的假設(shè)是否正確。推理，驗證開頭的假設(shè)是否正確。第三步：第三步：在深入理解的過程中，不斷修正在深入理解的過程中，不斷修正自已的假設(shè)。自已的假設(shè)。培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀心理素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀心理素質(zhì)1、充滿信心，心情平和，積極主

28、動地與作、充滿信心，心情平和，積極主動地與作者溝通，創(chuàng)造性地去理解文章內(nèi)容。者溝通，創(chuàng)造性地去理解文章內(nèi)容。2、不要緊張，排除任何思想和心理負(fù)擔(dān)。、不要緊張，排除任何思想和心理負(fù)擔(dān)。3、思想高度集中，盡量保持閱讀的速度和、思想高度集中，盡量保持閱讀的速度和理解的準(zhǔn)確性，充分運用自已現(xiàn)有的英理解的準(zhǔn)確性，充分運用自已現(xiàn)有的英語水平和相關(guān)的知識，發(fā)揮主觀能動性。語水平和相關(guān)的知識，發(fā)揮主觀能動性。培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣1、按意群閱讀，擴大視幅。例如：、按意群閱讀，擴大視幅。例如： When the Judge had finished/ what he was saying/ Mrs

29、 Young opened her handbag she was carrying/ and took out the sewing. Without saying a word/ she chose a needle with a very small eye/ and threaded it at her first try.2、少用或不用詞典。、少用或不用詞典。了解英語語言國家的文化背景知識了解英語語言國家的文化背景知識 2、A man named Walter Scott had the first “diner” in 1872. It wasnt really a diner.

30、It was only a food cart.根據(jù)文中說明，根據(jù)文中說明，“diner” 不是小餐館，而不是小餐館，而是流動小餐車。是流動小餐車。、根據(jù)文中的解釋、根據(jù)文中的解釋 在在or, that is, such as, that is to say, in another word, in other words 這些詞或詞組后面的部分往往用來這些詞或詞組后面的部分往往用來解釋前面某一個難以理解的詞、詞組或解釋前面某一個難以理解的詞、詞組或句子，括號、破折號在句中常引出注釋句子，括號、破折號在句中常引出注釋性詞語，通過這些解釋和注釋，我們可性詞語，通過這些解釋和注釋，我們可以推斷出詞

31、的含義。例如：以推斷出詞的含義。例如：1. There are two types of fat, external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall) .2. Before long, many diners stayed open around the clock. In other words, people were able to eat in a diner at any time.、根據(jù)上下文提供的情景、根據(jù)上下文提供的情景。 有時候語境中既沒有明確的定義，又沒有明確的解釋，有時候語境中

32、既沒有明確的定義，又沒有明確的解釋，而是作者制造一種情景，暗示某詞所指的性能和特征。而是作者制造一種情景，暗示某詞所指的性能和特征。比較下面兩個句子：比較下面兩個句子：1、In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing souwesters, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through. 2. An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a souwester usually bring rain. 、

33、根據(jù)定語從句提供的信息。、根據(jù)定語從句提供的信息。例：例：The water which enters rivers is called “run off” .、根據(jù)文中的列舉。、根據(jù)文中的列舉。 在詞組在詞組such as, for example, for instance 等之后舉例說明前面原先不太理等之后舉例說明前面原先不太理解的名詞或作進一步說明。例如：解的名詞或作進一步說明。例如： Today, many people eat in fast food restaurants such as Mc Donalds and Burger King.、運用同義詞關(guān)系。、運用同義詞關(guān)系。

34、例如：例如：1.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football. 2. The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling, however, looked neglected and cheerless.、運用反義關(guān)系。、運用反義關(guān)系。例如：例如： Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and

35、old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. 、根據(jù)詞法中的轉(zhuǎn)化、派生、合成等來猜測詞、根據(jù)詞法中的轉(zhuǎn)化、派生、合成等來猜測詞義。義。e.g.1. Women have equal say in everything. 2. The colours of England in the spring are unforgettable. 3. The disobediented students were forced to leave school. 4.

36、 Both the developed and the underdeveloped should try their best to popularize education.長句和難句的理解長句和難句的理解 1. Air travel is such an everyday experience these days that we are not surprised (when we read about a politician having talks with the Japanese Prime Minister one day, attending a conference i

37、n Australia the following morning and having to be off at midday to sign a trade agreement in Bangkok.) (51詞詞) 2. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are. It is not where you come from or what you are but the ability to do the job that matters.或或 It is not where you come from that matters but it is the ability to do the job that matters.如何提高英語快速閱讀能力如何提高英語快速閱讀能力 背誦、默寫已學(xué)過的詞匯和短語，背誦背誦、默寫已學(xué)過的詞匯和短語，背誦經(jīng)典文章，培養(yǎng)語感。經(jīng)典文章，培養(yǎng)語感。 大量閱讀，逐步加快閱