（精心整理）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之 to do和ing的區(qū)別

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之 to do和ing的區(qū)別一，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別不定式指較具體的行為Ing表示抽象或者泛指的動(dòng)作（但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中通常已經(jīng)可以互換）注意：兩者都可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，但結(jié)構(gòu)不同1）ing詞it is + no using/no good/useless/ a waste of time + doing sth There is no + ing =it is impossible to do sth Eg.its no use waiting here. There is no telling why he did so.(there is no knowing/there is no

2、persuading=it is impossible to persuade )2)to do 不定式It is +adj(n)+(for sb)/(of sb) + to do sth Eg. It is very difficult to drive in the mountains.It is a shame to say like that .二，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)一次具體動(dòng)作Ing強(qiáng)調(diào)抽象行為三，作賓語(yǔ)不定式 agree decline 拒絕 refuse offer promise choose decide determine attempt intend manage

3、fail ask hope want tend expect desire wish seek plan prepare pretend learn mean dare arrange demand happen intend Ing 詞 admit stand appreciate avoid finish complete consider delay deny suggest enjoy escape forgive keep mind miss practise risk advise allow permit forbid 或者介詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ) go on insist on , pe

4、rsist in , keep on , take to 喜歡 ， dream of , get down to , 等等四，作定語(yǔ)不定式 后置 與修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 必要時(shí)要添加介詞He is a pleasant fellow to work with .常表示未來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作The man to come our assitance is Mike.在the first, the second , the best, the only thing 等后常加不定式作定語(yǔ)He is always the first to answer questions.Ing詞 1）多為合成詞 表中心詞的

5、性質(zhì) Parking lot , sleeping bag, drinking water, cooking oil, driving licence 等2）單個(gè)分詞前置，短語(yǔ)后置，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.3)其中現(xiàn)在分詞常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或即將進(jìn)行 過(guò)去分詞常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成Is this the book written by Mike?五，作狀語(yǔ)不定式1) 目的狀語(yǔ) =in order to 2) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 表意外only to do sth tooto, soas to . enoughto 3

6、) 原因狀語(yǔ) 一般放在句尾 表示引起某種情緒的原（happy,lucky,fortunate, ashamed , surprised, shocked, sorry , glad, delighted, disappointed, anxious, unwise, foolish, rude, considerate, annoyed, bored, puzzled 等等）4）條件狀語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中常有will, must , shall 等5）獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) to tell the truth, to be ture, to be plain, to cut the matter short, t

7、o make matters worse, to be brief, to be exact, to conclude, to be honest, to start with, to sum up 等等Ing 詞1）作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 相當(dāng)于when引起的從句Hearing the news, they set off for Shanghai.2) 原因狀語(yǔ)從句 相當(dāng)于because引導(dǎo)的從句Overcome with surprise, she was unable to stand. 3) 方式或者伴隨狀語(yǔ) 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句He walked down the hill, singing to

8、 himself. 4) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由if引導(dǎo)的從句 如果Given another chance, I will do it better. 5) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 相當(dāng)于 so that 引導(dǎo)的從句 常由逗號(hào) 自然的結(jié)果He turned off the light, seeing nothing.6)讓步狀語(yǔ) 相當(dāng)于though，although等引導(dǎo)的從句Admitting what I said, I still thought she hadnt tried her best. 7）ing詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)有 xly speaking , judging from , taking everything into consideration, considering 等8) 這些ing詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面有時(shí)可以由連接詞 when, while, unless, as if 等等六 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式1）常有固定用法 ask request tell invite force press get beg wish