酒精分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與用途

1、酒精分類、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及用途Ethanol classification, standard and 酒精廣泛應(yīng)用于食品、化學(xué)、醫(yī)藥、染料等行業(yè)，酒精又是十分重要的清潔能源。通常，酒精按含雜質(zhì)多少分為：無(wú)水酒精、食用酒精、工業(yè)酒精。Ethanol widely applies to many industries such as food, chemistry, medicine, dye and etc. In general, ethanol is divided to anhydrous ethanol, edible ethanol and industrial ethanol accordi

2、ng to its impurity content.一、無(wú)水酒精Anhydrous ethanol無(wú)水酒精產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量執(zhí)行中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T678-2002化學(xué)試劑無(wú)水乙醇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。The product quantity of anhydrous ethanol execute the state criteria of the People's Republic of China GB/T678-2002 < Chemical Reagent- anhydrous ethanol standard>名稱 Name優(yōu)級(jí)純Guarantee reagent分析純Ana

3、lytically pure化學(xué)純Chemical pure乙醇的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù) Mass fraction of ethanol（CH3CH2OH）/%99.899.799.5密度 Density（20）/(g/mL)0.7890.7910.7890.7910.7890.791與水混合試驗(yàn) Test mix with water 合格Qualified合格Qualified合格Qualified蒸發(fā)殘?jiān)馁|(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù) Mass fraction of evaporation residue /%0.00050.0010.001酸度 (以H+計(jì))Acidity (by H+)/(mmol/100g)0.

4、020.040.1堿度 (以O(shè)H- 計(jì)) Alkalinity (by OH-)/(mmol/100g)0.0050.010.03水分的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)Mass fraction of water/%0.20.30.5甲醇（CH3OH）的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)Mass fraction of methanol（CH3OH）/%0.020.050.2異丙醇（CH3）2CHOH的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)Mass fraction of isopropanol（CH3）2CHOH/%0.0030.010.05羰基化合物（以CO計(jì)）的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)Mass fraction of carbonyl compound (by CO)/%0.003

5、0.0030.005易炭化物質(zhì)Readily carbonizable substance合格Qualified合格Qualified合格Qualified鐵（Fe）的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)Mass fraction of ferrum (Fe)/%0.00001鋅（Ze）的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)Mass fraction of zinc/%0.00001還原高錳酸鉀物質(zhì)（以O(shè)計(jì)）的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)/%Mass fraction of reducing potassium permanganate substance (by O) /%0.000250.000250.0006 用途：化學(xué)試劑、化學(xué)原料、防腐劑、消毒、燃料、有機(jī)溶

6、劑等。 Application: chemical reagent, chemical material, preservative, disinfection, fuel, organic solvent and etc.二、食用酒精 Edible ethanol食用酒精產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量執(zhí)行中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB10343-2002適用于谷物、薯類、糖密為原料，經(jīng)發(fā)酵、蒸餾而制成的含水酒精，為食品工業(yè)專用的食用酒精。The product quantity of edible ethanol executes the state criteria of the People's Repu

7、blic of China GB10343-2002, which applies to the aqueous ethanol make from grains, yams or molasses as raw material and through fermentation and distillation. It is the appropriative edible ethanol for food industry.食用酒精GB10343-2002標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Edible ethanol GB10343-2002Standard一、 感官要求Sense requirements 項(xiàng)目 It

8、em 特級(jí) Extra grade優(yōu)級(jí) Fine grade普級(jí) Common grade氣味 Smell具有乙醇香，無(wú)異味 Has ethanol aroma，no objectional odor無(wú)異臭 no objectional odor口味 taste純凈、微甜 pure, subtly sweet純正、微甜pure, subtly sweet較純正 Comparative pure理化要求 Analytical requirements指標(biāo)名稱 tem單位 Unit (GB10343-2002)特級(jí) Extra優(yōu)級(jí) Fine普級(jí) Common色度 Chroma 號(hào) No.10101

9、0酒精含量 Ethanol content %(v/v)96.095.595.0硫酸試驗(yàn) Sulfuric acid 號(hào) No.51060氧化時(shí)間 Oxidation time Min403020總?cè)?(以乙醛計(jì))Total aldehyde （by acetaldehydemg/l1330甲醇 Methanol mg/l250150正丙醇 Normal propyl alcohol mg/l235100異丁醇+異戊醇Isobutanol + isoamylol mg/l1230總酸 (以乙酸計(jì)) Total acid (by acetic acid) mg/l71020總酯(以乙酸乙酯計(jì))T

10、otal ester (by ethyl acetate)mg/l101825不揮發(fā)物 Nonvolatile matermg/l102025重金屬 (以Pb計(jì))Heavy metal (by Pb)mg/l1氰化物(以HCN計(jì)) Cyanide (by HCN)mg/l5*用途：白酒、飲料、乙酸乙酯、丁醇、丙酮、醫(yī)藥等。Application: distilled spirit, drink, ethyl acetate, butanol, acetone, medicine and etc.三、工業(yè)酒精工業(yè)酒精產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量執(zhí)行中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T394.1-94適用于谷物、薯類、糖密

11、為原料，經(jīng)發(fā)酵、蒸餾而制成的含水工業(yè)酒精。其雜質(zhì)指標(biāo)比食用酒精寬松。按其生產(chǎn)的酒精不得用于食品、飲料。The product quantity of industrial ethanol executes the state criteria of the People's Republic of China GB/T394.1-94, which applies to the aqueous ethanol make from grains, yams or molasses as raw material and through fermentation and distillat

12、ion. Its impurity indicator is easier than edible ethanol. The ethanol that produced following this standard cannot be used for food and drink.工業(yè)酒精GB/T394.1-94標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Industrial ethanol GB/T394.1-94standard項(xiàng)目 Item指標(biāo) Index優(yōu)等品High-class product一等品First-rate product合格品Qualified product粗酒精Crude ethanol外觀 Appe

13、arance無(wú)色透明液體 Color less and clear liquid 淡黃色液體Faint yellow liquid色度/號(hào) Chroma/No.10氣味 Smell 無(wú)異臭no objectional odor乙醇 Ethanol（20，（V/V）%96.095.595.095.0硫酸度驗(yàn)號(hào)Sulfuric acid degrees Check No. /min1080氧化時(shí)間Oxidization degrees /min30155醛（以乙醛計(jì)）aldehyde （by acetaldehyde） /mg·L-1530雜醇油（以異丁醇+異戊醇計(jì)）Fusel （by Isobutanol + isoamylol） /mg·L-211080甲醇 Methanol/mg·L-8001200酸（以乙酸計(jì)）acid (by acetic acid) /mg·L-11020酯（以乙酸乙酯計(jì)）ester (by ethyl acetate) /mg·L1-3040不發(fā)揮物Nonvolatile mater /mg·L-1202525用途：燃料、有機(jī)溶劑、乙烯、橡膠、聚