第六章-氣固相催化固定床反應(yīng)器

1、顆粒密度床層堆積密度，床層體積顆粒體積床層體積空隙體積PBPBBPB111VVV31S3S66dVdV球形體積：a21S2SdSdS球形外表面積：SSVS32SSV6666SVSddddVSS球形比表面積：iidxd1m：床層空隙率氣體密度顆粒當(dāng)量直徑：床層高度空塔氣速：平均流速修正的雷諾數(shù)，式中：BgsmBggmsmms2mg3BBm:1Re:Re175. 1Re150dddluuddulP 粒 徑ds/m m3 .4 04 .6 06 .9 0質(zhì) 量 分 率w0 .6 00 .2 50 .1 5m1096. 3mm96. 390. 615. 060. 425. 040. 360. 0131

2、Siidxd190644. 01103 . 22 . 61096. 31Re53BgSmGdPa10898. 1444. 044. 0146. 21096. 32 . 675. 11903150175. 1Re150175. 1Re15053323BBgS2m3BBSg2mmLdGLdupdv輸入 輸出= 反應(yīng) 積累FA FA+dFA (-RA)(1-B)Aidl 0出：催化劑堆密度或者以催化劑質(zhì)量計(jì)：以催化劑體積計(jì)A0A0A00A00BAAB0A0BAAAA00BAAdddddd1ddxBALRxculculRxcuRlxRcuRlx出A0AA0A0RdxrxcVVgprBA41dducTT

3、dUHRlTi s2mg3BBm175. 1Re150dddulpgprBA41dducTTdUHRlTi0A0BAA1ddcuRlx s2mg3BBm175. 1Re150dddulp。為常數(shù)，計(jì)算大大簡(jiǎn)化常數(shù)中，反應(yīng)速率的同時(shí)：kRcuRlxucTTdUHRlTiA0A0BAAgprBA1dd041ddp0Agp0A0ddmcHFAAuccuHxTiiA00BAA1ddcuRlxAA0AAA0APA0AP0A0TBTAA0A0B0A0BAAdddddd1dd11ddRxFWRxFVRFVcuAlARxlcucuRlx質(zhì)量為基準(zhǔn)，則：如果動(dòng)力學(xué)方程以顆粒準(zhǔn)，則：學(xué)方程以顆粒體積為基力中的基準(zhǔn)

4、對(duì)應(yīng)，如果動(dòng)要求與反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程積：左端上下同乘床層截面變形：xT平衡線等速率線0二氧化硫氧化反應(yīng)Tx圖示意4outin4out3in3out2in21outin1,d,d,d,d43210AxxxxxxxxTxrxTxrxTxrxTxrxFWx1in,T1inx1out,T2inx2outT3inx3outT4inx4out第一段第二段第三段第四段斜線為段內(nèi)操作線，斜率為1/。水平線表示段間為間接冷卻，只是溫度降低，轉(zhuǎn)化率不變。xT0二氧化硫氧化反應(yīng)Tx圖示意在Tx圖上看：0d,1,din2in0AoutinoutinouinxTTxrrTxrdxTTxrxFWxxxxxxt速率。等于前一段

5、的出口反應(yīng)后一段的入口反應(yīng)速率少，無(wú)論中間轉(zhuǎn)化率是多即：變上限定積分的偏微分。使兩段催化劑之和最小選取中間轉(zhuǎn)化率TxrTxrTxrTxrTxrxTxrxxxxTxrxTxrxFWFWiiiiiiiixxixxiiiixxixxiiiiiiiiiii,0,1,10,d,d,d,din11outin11out1outin1out1A01A0out1in1outinout1in1outin01,01,01,01442444433333233332222222222111112144332211dxTrrTxrTxrdxTrrTxrTxrdxTrrTxrTxrdxTrrinxxininoutoutin

6、xxininoutoutinxxininoutoutinxxoutinoutinoutinoutin第四段：第三、四段之間：第三段：第二、三段之間：第二段：第一、二段之間：第一段：xT0二氧化硫氧化反應(yīng)Tx圖示意 SPBAO3HOCHC3OCHHC2324622346TkpkpLR13636837.19exphkgkmol11BARA112tWSWKhmkJ88dhhUS催化劑有效因子 總括給熱系數(shù) U 催化劑比活性 LR 管間冷載體熔鹽溫度 TS 進(jìn)料組成（原料氣中 鄰二甲苯的初摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)）yA0 操作壓力 p 管內(nèi)徑 dt 管數(shù) n 混合氣入口溫度 T0 原料氣體混合物單管入 口質(zhì)量流速 G

7、 0A0mBAA1ddcuRlxWt0BAPBm411ddTTdhRHculTLdlcA0,FA0,xA0=0,V0cA,FA,xA,VFA, xAFA+dFA,xA+dxAdVRlARcuAFAllcclEFFAlcEFiiiid1dd ddddddddBAAAAAZAAAZA01ddddAA2A2ZBRlculcElTATTcAullTTlATcAuiiiiddddddddZpgZpg輸出：輸入：lTThdlAHRiidd1r0BA041ddddrBAp22ZTTdhHRlTculTiog0dd0dddddd0AZ0pg0AZAA00lTlcLllTTTculcEcculdrdlRr0dd

8、21d2dd2dd2ddd2d2d2AArAAlAAAArAlA積累：反應(yīng)：輸出：輸入：lrrRrcElrllcclErrllccurrrrccrElrrlcErrucrrBBAAA2A2rBAA2A2lA2A2r1111RlcurcrrcERlculcErcrrcE散項(xiàng)被忽略：在多數(shù)情況下，軸向擴(kuò)lrrHRrTlrlTrrllTTcurrrrTTrlrrllTTlrrTcurrdd21d2d2dd2ddd2dd2d2BArlpgrlpg微元內(nèi)反應(yīng)熱：輸出微元的熱量：輸入微元的熱量：HRlTculTrTrrTBApg22l22r11HRlTcurTrrTBApg22r11 s2mg3BBm17

9、5. 1Re150dddulpwwrAA00A0A, 000, 000,00TThrTrcLlRrrTrcLlrppTTccRrll=0l=LRRRRrrcRRrcrcrrTRcuRrTcruT0A22A0A02pg2pg0d2d2d2d2熱量傳遞熱量傳遞擬均相一維平推流模型熱量傳遞熱量傳遞帶有軸向返混的擬均相一維模型熱質(zhì)傳遞熱量傳遞熱量傳遞擬均相二維模型熱質(zhì)傳遞固體相熱量傳遞熱量傳遞二維非均相模型熱質(zhì)傳遞抽象成為熱量傳遞二維非均相模型熱質(zhì)傳遞熱量傳遞流體相熱量傳遞考慮顆粒內(nèi)梯度的二維非均相模型熱質(zhì)傳遞熱量傳遞流體相 固體相流體流速增加固定床初始流態(tài)化散式流態(tài)化聚式流態(tài)化騰涌稀相流態(tài)化液體氣體

10、100ReemfPmfmfDLFr100ReemfPmfmfDLFr弗魯特?cái)?shù)：gduFrP2mfmf 雷諾準(zhǔn)數(shù)：mfPmfReud umf： 初始流化速度 dP： 顆粒平均粒徑 ，P： 流體密度，顆粒密度 Lmf： 初始流化時(shí)的濃相段床高 De： 流體的擴(kuò)散系數(shù) ： 流體粘度 顆粒含量床高稀相段濃相段濃相段和稀相段)(1 ()(1)(gsmfmfgsmfmfttLpLAWAp ps20g3BB2ps03B2B175. 11150duduLp s2mg3BBm175. 1Re150dddulP2gsg3p2mfgp3mfsmfgp3mf2smf75. 11150dudud2gsg3pmfgp3m

11、f2smf1150dud20Re1150mf3mfgs2p2smfdu 2gsg3p2mfgp3mfs75. 1dud1000Re75. 13mfggsps2mfdu2t2pgDgs3p4216udgCd21gspD3122gs21Dgs2pD52. 520000Re50043. 02254500Re2Re10182ReRe24duCdguCgduCp對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)uVd4GT目數(shù)120100-12080-10060-8040-60120 100-120 80-100 60-80 40-60 40 dPi 0.121 0.133 0.163 0.208 0.298 0.360 Piidx 0.9

12、9 0.752 0.797 1.680 0.839 0.139 mm192. 0139. 0839. 0680. 1797. 0752. 099. 011PPiidxd7 .330408. 07 .33Re212P3P2mfgd0568. 07 .331002. 381. 91 . 111201 . 11092. 10408. 067.1133Re212534mf1524P2Psm2956. 01002. 31881. 91 . 111201021. 118gdu23 . 11002. 31 . 12956. 01021. 1Re54Pudfmfmff11LLRnuu1tf03. 0TPRe5

13、 .1735. 4ddn1 . 0TPRe1845. 4ddn1 . 0Re45. 4n1 . 155. 1P032ArRe102 . 1LLm6 . 012. 0360012244GTuVdfmfmff11LLRnuu1tf03. 0TPRe5 .1735. 4ddn8392. 01002. 31 . 112. 01092. 1Re54P379. 48392. 06 . 01092. 15 .1735. 403. 04n8139. 02965. 012. 0379. 41f687. 28139. 015 . 01Rcm74.5320687. 2mff RLL1 . 155. 1P032ArR

14、e102 . 1LL7 .931002. 31 . 1112081. 91 . 11092. 1Ar25342P3Pgdcm36.1317 .938392. 020102 . 11 . 155. 132L 21PPPPPrRe1075. 0Nucc 43. 066. 0P8 . 0PPP43. 023. 02PrRe110844. 1NuccC44. 0P3 . 044. 01PrRe66. 0Nu6mf0uu 反應(yīng)消耗反應(yīng)消耗反應(yīng)消耗的總消失量乳化相氣泡暈氣泡相傳遞傳遞AecbAeAcceAcAbbcccecebbcbcccKccKSkKSkK傳遞速率相間交換系數(shù)AereAcrcAbrb31

15、AerAcrAbr31msmolmsmolcfkcfkcfkcfkcfkcfkecb氣泡顆粒反應(yīng)速率氣泡體積顆粒體積AbbrAbbAbAbddddddddAcfKlculctltc組分總消失量brKluKcfcddbbrAbAbAfAAfAbfA0AAb00 xxccLlxcclAbbrAbbAbddddAcKlcutc組分總消失量AereAeAcceAcrcAcAbbcAbrbckccKckccKck在乳化相中反應(yīng)量轉(zhuǎn)移到乳化相的量在氣泡暈中反應(yīng)量轉(zhuǎn)移到氣泡暈的量在氣泡中反應(yīng)量AeAcceAbrbAbbrAbbddccKckcKlcuAeAcceAcrcAcAbbcccKckccKAereA

16、eAcceckccKecercbcrbrbr1111KkKkkKAbbrAbbddcKlcuAfAbf0AAb0ccLlcclbfr0bbrAbAbddfAfA0uLKluKccLccfbbrAfexp1LuKxAfbrbf1lnxKuLbwmfmf21bmfmfmfc711. 031VVugducbbbmfe11bmfbuuu gud2tb711. 0415b2ebmfbc85. 55 . 4dgDduK213bbemfce78. 6duDKm1092. 14Pd3Pkg.m1120smPa302. 012scm204. 0D3kg.m1 . 1cm20mf0 LLm6 . 0Td5 . 0

17、0mf1m.s12. 0u14 . 3AArcR13mfm.s1011. 8u1tm.s2956. 0u8 . 0f05. 3Rcm74.53fLcm36.1312Lm01762. 081. 9711. 02956. 0711. 022tbgud1tbrm.s2956. 0 uu1brmfbm.s75.4056.29811. 012uuuubwmfmf21bmfmfmfc711. 031VVugdubwVVm1092. 14Pd47. 0bwVV3221. 047. 05 . 000811. 001762. 081. 9711. 05 . 000811. 035 . 0121ccbbbmfe1

18、12746. 075.40811. 012bmfbuuu8435. 03221. 001. 02746. 02746. 015 . 01ebbcKbceK8488. 9762. 1981204. 085. 5762. 1811. 05 . 485. 55 . 44152415b2ebmfbcdgDduK435. 8762. 175.40204. 05 . 078. 678. 6213213bbemfceduDK4694. 28435. 01435. 84 . 313221. 01849. 94 . 3101. 04 . 31111ecercbcrbrbrKkKkkK9615. 074.5375

19、.404694. 2exp1exp1fbbrAfLuKx出總總邊界條件：相界面積BBB0BLLALALABLBAALALALABALABB, 0:11dddd1ddccttcctSVVVSVcckcSVtcckVStNVtcii出B0BALABLABAd1cciccckt出進(jìn)邊界條件：AAAAAA01ddYYHlYYlrlYFHYYlrYF0AAd1dAA出進(jìn)ScHpkkHScHpkHktncHpkDScckSccDtnkDSppkSppDtniiiiiiALAALAGAAALAALAAGAAAAALALLAALALAALALLAAGAGGAAAGAAAGGAA11111dd)()(dd)()

20、(dd由以上兩式可以推得：相界面處達(dá)到平衡根據(jù)亨利定律，總括傳質(zhì)系數(shù)。示的分別是以氣相和液相表和LAGALAGAALALAAGAGAALAALAALAAGAA11111)()(ddKKkkHKkHkKScHpKScHpKtnLLGLpApAicAcAiL化學(xué)增強(qiáng)因子:ddddLLLLLALLLLALLALAALALAAAAAAAGAAkDDkccSktncHpppSktniiii一個(gè)化學(xué)增強(qiáng)因子。過(guò)程相比，僅相差傳質(zhì)系數(shù)。與物理吸收示的總括分別是以氣相和液相表和LAGALAGAALALAAGAGAALAALAALAALAALAAGAA11111)()()(ddKKkkHKkHkKScHpkSc

21、HpkScHpktnLBBBAAB2B2LBLAAAAAAA2A2LAAAALAALA,; 0dd, 0BCddB,;, 0BCdd0ddddddddccllclrlcDcclHpcclrlcDlSrllcclSDlcSDii：，亦有方程：同理，對(duì)液相反應(yīng)物：積累反應(yīng)擴(kuò)散離開(kāi)擴(kuò)散進(jìn)入GLpApAicBcAcAiALA2L2A2LA2A2LALAAAAAAA2A2LAdddd,;, 0BCddcDkzclzkclcDcclHpcclrlcDii變?yōu)闉闊o(wú)因次長(zhǎng)度，原方程令對(duì)一級(jí)反應(yīng)，：八田數(shù)膜內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)前有:LLALALALALA2LDkkkDDk shsh1sh, 1, 0ddALAAAAAAA

22、22A2zczcccczcczczciLi此方程的解為： ALAALAALAALAALALAALALLAALALLA0ALAAALAAchthchthchshchshchddddshch1chddccccccccccSkccSDccSDlcSDtnzczczciiiiiiili因此：0dd2A2lcALAALAchthcccciiLA2LDkGLpApAicBcAcAidlth00ddALAAA2A2LA對(duì)一級(jí)反應(yīng)，可得：，邊界條件：clcclrlcDiGLpApAicBLcAiGLpApAicBLcAi反應(yīng)面RiiclccclccllcARAiAARAA2A20, 00ddBLBLBR2B2

23、,0,0ddcclcllcRRLBLLRRBLRLBLBlcclccBLLALBRLRBAALALBRLBLBARABLBBAALAddddcDDcDDcclcDlcDiiiiiicckkccDDccDDDDccABLLALBBAABLLALBBAABLLALBBARLLALBRLBLBARA1111ALBLALAGAABBL臨AGAABBL臨LLB00pDDkkcpkcDGLpApAicBL臨cBLcBLcAi氣液反應(yīng)器有許多類型，常見(jiàn)的有：uVd4內(nèi)12A12AAtAAAthmkmol:ddhmkmol:ddddddtnFYFtnAtnYYFAFYAAt因次：輸入輸出反應(yīng)傳遞HF,YA出F

24、,YA進(jìn)L,XA進(jìn)L,XA出dlldSd42內(nèi)AAA1 YYPp總SkHkcHptnLAAGAALAAA1ddALALAAAGAAddccSkppSktnii出進(jìn)出進(jìn)總內(nèi)出進(jìn)總內(nèi)在全塔為常數(shù)，得：積分上式并視邊界條件：AAAALAAGA2AAAALAAGA2ln140d114dYYYYkHkPdFHYYHlYYlYYYkHkPdFlAldlYA出F,YA入出進(jìn)邊界條件：AAAAAAtAAAtAt01ddd1dYYHlYYlrlYFlArYYFAFYA 00RrAW221p0RrAW22p01p0VHrTTKATTcVVHrTTKATcVTcV整理得：積累量應(yīng)的熱效應(yīng)反應(yīng)器內(nèi)反境的熱交換反應(yīng)器與環(huán)出熱量物流攜入熱量物流攜器進(jìn)行熱量衡算：在定常態(tài)下以整個(gè)反應(yīng)W2rAfA021p0rAf0A0W221p0RAf0A0RAfA0Af1AAf1AAf0AR00TTKAHxcTTcVHxcVTTKATTcVVxcVVxFrxrxxFV：代入熱量衡算方程，得，當(dāng)進(jìn)口物流不含產(chǎn)物時(shí)：全混流反應(yīng)器基本方程可以用來(lái)推算達(dá)到一定轉(zhuǎn)化率所需要補(bǔ)充或移走的熱量。 RTERTERTERTERTEekVVekVVxxekxVVxcekVxcVxxcekxkckcr00R00RAA0A0RAA00RAA001AA0A0A0AAA111011：方程且考慮代入全混流反應(yīng)器基本熱。