中考沖刺——名詞專題知識(shí)點(diǎn)加題型總結(jié)及中考真題

1、名詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)一名詞的分類物質(zhì) water不可數(shù) 二抽象 love單數(shù)個(gè)體J可數(shù)|復(fù)數(shù)集體無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)變化人.地* 國(guó) China, Qingdao,機(jī)構(gòu).團(tuán)體、組織 WTO/FBI集體名詞有些集體名詞側(cè)重整體概念，表示單數(shù)意義、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若側(cè)重整體中的成員，表 示復(fù)數(shù)意義，作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：family家庭（成員），army 陸軍部隊(duì),audience®眾,government®府,public公眾,teaml （員） 例如：His family（be）not poor any more.他家再也不窮 了。I hope your family（be）quite

2、 well.我希望你的家人身體都很好。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則（5）情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況+scake grape month couple以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的詞+eswatch boxbus boss車fft字母+y結(jié)尾的詞改y為i, +esbeauty county baby lady factory以f和fe結(jié)尾的詞變 f(fe)為 vesleaf wife wolf knife life thief以o結(jié)尾的詞1 .有生命體的+es,2 .無(wú)生命體的+s Negro hero potato tomato mango黑人英雄喜歡吃土豆、番茄和芒果 radio z

3、oo piano photo不規(guī)則變化（3）1.單復(fù)數(shù)同行sheeps-sheep fishfish,deeLdeer2 .特殊變化的單詞有：toothteeth, foot： feet, woman women, policeman policemen, childchildren, mouse mice, man men,3 .國(guó)人變化 口訣：中日不變，英法改變（a-e）,其他國(guó)人加sChinese Chinese EnglishmanEnglishmen German Germans復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式： .將最后部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，例如：policewoman -policewomen警察

4、，girl-friend -gfriends女朋友， schoolboy fschoolboys 生，school teacher f school teacheh教師。 .將兩個(gè)部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，只限于man, woman為第一部分的復(fù)合名詞。例如： man doctor f men doctors 醫(yī)生，woman singer f women singer女歌手 題：These have saved many children's lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctor既可作可數(shù)又可作不可數(shù)的名詞：chicken小雞/雞肉work作品/工作

5、glass玻璃杯/玻璃wood樹林/木頭C. women doctors D. woman doctorroom 房間/空間；位置paper 論文；報(bào)紙/紙time 次；倍/時(shí)間fish 魚/魚肉exercise 練習(xí)/運(yùn)動(dòng)；鍛煉light 燈/光fruit（各種）水果/水果題： Are there any on the farm?- Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chicken D. sheep知識(shí)點(diǎn)三常用不可數(shù)名詞食物一類： bread; meat; rice; food; water; tea; milk; coffee; juice; su

6、gar; chocolate; jam天氣一類： weather;ice; rain; snow; sun; wind;新聞信息類： news; advice; music;information;()情感類：help; love; hope;名詞修飾語(yǔ)m只修飾可數(shù)名詞都要記下來(lái)few 沒有幾個(gè) a few幾個(gè) severa幾個(gè) many彳艮多 a great/good many艮多 a number of若干a large/great number o次量的 numbers o伏量的只修飾不可數(shù)名詞little很少,幾乎沒有a little 一點(diǎn)much許多 a good/great dea

7、l of?艮多a bit of有一點(diǎn),少量既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞some 一些 a lot of很多l(xiāng)ots of很多plenty of充足的all全部most大多數(shù)的不可數(shù)名詞可借助單位詞修飾借助表示 張“、塊”的單位詞a piece of music一段樂曲2 pieces of news 兩條新聞借助表示容量的詞a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水借助表示重量的詞a kilo of salt 一公斤鹽借助表示形狀的詞a grain of sand 一粒沙【注意】抽象名詞具體化2 bowls of rice兩碗米飯10 tons of coal 十噸煤2 drops of

8、water 兩滴水某些不可數(shù)名詞，有形容詞修飾時(shí)，之前常加不定冠詞。a deep love深深的愛a good education良好的教育a good time一段美好時(shí)光a heavy fog場(chǎng)濃霧a long silence長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沉寂 a rich dinner頓豐盛的晚餐知識(shí)點(diǎn)四名詞的格分類構(gòu)成方法例子(1)不以s結(jié)尾的名詞+ 'sThe teacher's office/ The Children's Day(2)以囪尾的名詞+'The teachers' office表示有生命的 名詞的所有格共同擁有在最后一個(gè)人名后+ 's 各自擁有

9、在每個(gè)人名后+ 'sJohn and Mary's house is big.（兩人共同擁有） John's and Mary's houses are big 分另皿啟）表小無(wú)生命的 名詞所有格一般用of+名詞”表示of前為中心名詞，后為限定詞The doors of our classroomThe capital of China雙重所有格of+one's或of+名詞性物主代詞a book of Tom' （= one of Tom ' s books） 湯姆的一本書。注意：所有格有時(shí)可以獨(dú)立使用(后面不跟名詞)，表示商店、診所、家

10、宅等。Mrs. Smith went to the doctor ' yesterday afternoon. (= the doctor' s clinic)例題：1.吉姆的自行車2.書的封面3.吉姆和凱特的父親 4.我父親的一個(gè)朋友 名詞的句法功能1 .作主語(yǔ)“時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度、距離、度量”等表示單位作主語(yǔ)，則They are paper tigers.Three are 10 women teachers.名詞做主語(yǔ)要遵循主謂一致的原則，但是，如果是 看作單數(shù)。Three years in prison is a long time for him.2 .作賓語(yǔ)3 .作表語(yǔ)4 .

11、作賓補(bǔ)Please call me captain.5 .作定語(yǔ)He is a paper tiger.There is a woman teacher in my school.題型總結(jié)1. 可數(shù)性 （不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞變化/不可數(shù)名詞）The little baby has two already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teethsIs there on that plate?（可數(shù)名詞）A.some chicken B.any chicken C.some chickens D.any chickens2. 修飾詞（根據(jù)修飾詞選可數(shù)性或根據(jù)可數(shù)性選修飾

12、詞）They got much from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. storiesHurry up!There is_ time left.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few3. 主謂一致The team having a meeting.A. is B. are C. am D. be4. 名詞所有格This is bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane B. Anne's and Jane'

13、;sC. Anne's and Jane D. Anne and Jane'sAre they going to have a party on ?A. Children's Day B. Childrens's Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day5. 雙重屬格 has travelled to Beijing.A. A friend of herB. A friend of hersC. A her friendD. Her sone friend6. 名詞做定語(yǔ)There is an in front of my hou

14、se.A. apple treeB. apple s treeC. apple-tree D. apple treesMary went to the doctor and she didn t like .A. man doctor B. men doctors C . men doctor D. man doctors基礎(chǔ)素養(yǎng)題單項(xiàng)選擇1. There are many on the mountain.A. apple tree B. apples trees C. apples tree D. apple trees2. They are thirsty. Will you please

15、 give them ? Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters3. Mike hurt one of his in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear4. There is some on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears5. The has two.A. boys; watches B

16、. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch6. How far is your school from here? It ' s about twenty walk.A. minute ' s B. minutes C. minutes ' D. minute7. We will have a holiday after the exam.A. two month B. two-month C. two month ' sD. two-months8. A classmate of was here ten minut

17、es ago.A. youB. your C. your sister D. your sister ' s9. went to Japan yesterday.A.The White's B.The Whites C.The White10. Help yourself to.A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken11. This class now. Miss Gao teaches them.A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. s

18、tudying12. I have two and three bottles of here.A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges13. mothers couldn ' t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter ' sB. Mary and PeterC. Mary ' s and PeterD. Mary ' s and Peter &#

19、39; s14. 2018 遂寧Tom , are these books? No, they are. Mine are on that shelf.A.mine; JennyB.yours; Jenny ' sC.mine; Jenny ' sD.yours; Jenny15. He married a beautiful girl, and his marriage is full of.A. happyB. unhappy C. happiness根據(jù)句意及首字母完成句子1. （2019 原倉(cāng) i）I feel a bit tired because I stayed

20、up several h to watch a movie last night.2. （2019 原創(chuàng)）Although my g is over seventy years old, he is still energetic.3. （2019原創(chuàng)）The clever bird drank the water in this b by filling little stones in it.4. （2019 原創(chuàng)）A f usually plants crops in spring and harvests in autumn.5. （2019 原創(chuàng)）The p of the passa

21、ge is to tell us how to learn English well.6. （2019 原倉(cāng) i）He felt a terrible p in his knee so he had to go to the hospital.7. （2019原倉(cāng)i）Actions speak louder than w. So you ' d better take action right now.8. （2019 原倉(cāng) i1）A good businessman is willing to take r of losing all his money.9. （2019 原倉(cāng) i1

22、）There are many novels and m for us to read in our school library.10. （2019原倉(cāng)1J ）Tony is good at s. He wants to be chosen as the PE monitor of our class.綜合素養(yǎng)題單項(xiàng)選擇1. （2017年蘇州改編）Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?Either day is OK. It makes no to me.A. choiceB. changeC. difference2. （2017年武漢改編）I wonder

23、if you've made a decision on the project, Eric. Not yet. I can't make it until I have first-hand on prices.A. newsB. knowledgeC. information3. Did you hear any strange when the quake happened?No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful of my birds at that time.A.voi

24、ce; noiseB.noise; soundC.sound; voice4. Would you like tea? No, thanks. I have drunk two.A. any; bottles of orangeB. some; bottles of orangeC. many; bottles of oranges5. Mr Li was sent to teach Chinese in an American high school last year.Yes, I know.He told me he would never forget his pleasant whi

25、le working there.A.experimentsB.expressionsC.experiences6. The theme park is about ride from the museum.You should start out right now.A.two hourB.two hour'sC.two hours'7. 【2017 ?重慶中考It ' s sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on theplayground.A. boyB. boysC. boy &#

26、39; sD. boys '8. 【2017 ?!東東營(yíng)中考】 一Are you sure this is a photo, the famous comedy actress?It surprised you, didn ' t it? But she was once really thin.A. Jia LingB. Jia Ling ' s C. of Jia LingD. of Jia Ling ' s9. The government is trying to develop winter sports for the 2022 Winter Oly

27、mpics.No wonder people are showing their in them.A. warmth B. interestC. victoryD. standard10. （黃岡市第一次?？迹￤hy not give Linda some? She has failed in Chinese several times.A. notice B. suggestionC. adviceD. warning11. （2017 湖北咸寧32） Did you do something special on Father's Day?Yes. I made my father

28、 a card in the of a heart to express my love.A. height B. shapeC. design D. model12. （2017 四川達(dá)州 22）Could you please offer me some in my research?Yes, sure.A. idea B. message C. suggestion D. advice13. （2017 黑龍江齊齊哈爾 11）I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few there.A. man nurses B. men nurse C

29、. men nurses14. （2017 山東濱州 22）What a good you've given me! Thanks a lot. My pleasure.A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice15. （2017甘肅白專艮、 武威 - 7） “It depends on my decision. " the mother said and looked atsons.A. children B. children's C. child D. child's用括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式填空1. (

30、2018上海)My cousin likes to collect(stamp) in his spare time.2. (2018南京)Thanks for all the(member) hard work! More and more people have learned how to keep kids from danger now.3. (2019原倉(cāng) i)The lake is in the(center) part of the town.4. (2019原創(chuàng))After a long walk, they were very(hunger) so they ate up

31、all the food in their packs.5. (2019原倉(cāng) i)In Australia, you can see many sheep in the fields and on the(hill).6. (2019原倉(cāng)1J )Don' t tell your(person) information to others, because it is too dangerous.7. (2019原創(chuàng))Mr. Zhang is so(humor) that he often makes us laugh.8. (2019原創(chuàng))I bought a pair of(sock

32、) for my grandmother yesterday.9. What(color) flowers you ' ve picked! I ' m sure they will make your room more beautiful. 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1. (2018黃石改編)In fact, pandas have become so popular that they are now a of China.2. Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high from the art community for this

33、 sculptures.3. Linda often answers the teachers ' in class.4. (The broken may hurt your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.5. He just left a saying that his mother was ill.6. My parents have made a that they will buy a robot for me.核心素養(yǎng)題完形填空J(rèn)ohn, 11 years old, was in bed in hospital. Se

34、veral days before, while he was J in a baseball game, he fell and hit his head. The doctors believed that he might 2 get well.“He seems to have given up hope. So medicines alone won3_ . Perhaps hen eeds something else, “ said a doctoi “When I visit him, all he ever says is that he would like to meet

35、 Babe Ruth.”To meet Babe Ruth, of course, was not 4_ . In America, Babe Ruth was as _5_ a man as the President himself, and he was the most famous baseball player.The next day John ' s father managed to tell Babe Ruth about the story of his son on the phone. Twenhours later, as the boy 6 in his

36、hospital room, in walked J . Young John could hardly believe his own eyes!The great baseball per sat down at John ' s bedside, saying, “ Now, listen, kid, you ' ve got to get we you a new American League baseball, 8 you must start throwing it. ”For John this was the beginning of a new life.

37、9 his doctors ' surprise, the boy waoutdof the hospital on his own a few weeks later. He was able to live a healthy life-all because of the 10 of Babe Ruth.1. A. looking B. playing C. takingD. sitting2. A. never B. everC. alwaysD. certainly3.A. fitB. makeC. goD. do4.A. easyB. luckyC. difficultD.

38、 successful5.A. strongB. importantC. kindD. clever6.A. waitedB. liedC. preparedD. lay7.A. his fatherB. his doctorC. Babe RuthD. the president8.A. thoughB. becauseC. orD. so9.A. InB. ToC. AtD. For10.A. storyB. basketballC. presentD. life知識(shí)夯實(shí)單項(xiàng)選擇1. （2018 山東泰安中考） What do you prefer fo門unch,darling?I &#

39、39; d like such as tomatoes,carrots or cabbages.A.meatB.eggsC.vegetablesD.fruit2. （2017 安徽中考）The New Silk Road will offer a good for more nations to communicate.A.chanceB.habitC.questionD.price3. What' s your favorite? Summer.Because I can swim in rivers.A.seasonB.subjectC.musicD.sport4. （2018 四

40、川廣安中考）-How many can you see in the picture?- Two.A.dogB.childC.sheepsD.sheep5. （2017 四川南充中考）-Are you thirsty?Yes,please give usA.three bottle waterC.three bottles of water6. What' s in the box? A fewA.apple;milkC.apples;milks7. I live near the station.It A.minute ' s B.minute8. bedroom is clean andA.Tom and SamC.Tom and Sam' sB.three bottle of waterD.three bottles of waters ,but little .B.apple;milksD.apples;milk ，s only about week.C.minutes 'D.minutesbright.They like it very much.B.Tom' s and SamD.Tom' s and Sam' sYes,I think so.D.hasD.