高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)的命題與解題ppt課件

1、l高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)的高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)的l命題與解題命題與解題 l lNMET短文改錯(cuò)的命題特點(diǎn)短文改錯(cuò)的命題特點(diǎn)l 1. 短文改錯(cuò)的命題通常從以下幾短文改錯(cuò)的命題通常從以下幾方面思索方面思索:l i. 調(diào)查英語(yǔ)的屈折附加成分調(diào)查英語(yǔ)的屈折附加成分(以表以表現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的顯著特點(diǎn)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的顯著特點(diǎn))。l ii. 學(xué)生受本族語(yǔ)影響容易犯的錯(cuò)學(xué)生受本族語(yǔ)影響容易犯的錯(cuò)誤。誤。l iii. 估計(jì)考生能夠出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。估計(jì)考生能夠出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。l 2. 用于改錯(cuò)的短文題材為中學(xué)生用于改錯(cuò)的短文題材為中學(xué)生所熟習(xí)所熟習(xí), 不會(huì)象閱讀了解那樣不會(huì)象閱讀了解那樣, 發(fā)發(fā)生因題材陌生而丟分。生因題材陌生而丟分。lN

2、MET短文改錯(cuò)的命題內(nèi)容lI. 英語(yǔ)的屈折附加成分l 1. 如今時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) 2. 時(shí)態(tài)l 3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 4. 動(dòng)名詞l 5. 分詞 6. 不定式 l 7. 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 8. 代詞 l 9. 比較描畫(huà)詞 l10. 詞性的變化 (從一類(lèi)詞派生另一類(lèi)詞)lII. 學(xué)生受本族語(yǔ)影響容易犯的錯(cuò)誤l 1. 英語(yǔ)介詞和活潑的動(dòng)詞搭配, 構(gòu)成表達(dá)法, 是NMET短文改錯(cuò)的重要內(nèi)容l 2. 漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有和英語(yǔ)冠詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)l 3. 英語(yǔ)中的一致景象 (一致包括動(dòng)詞與其主語(yǔ)的一致, 稱(chēng)謂的一致, 主從句中時(shí)態(tài)的一致等)l 4. 英語(yǔ)中的平行構(gòu)造景象 (在表達(dá)平行概念時(shí), 要運(yùn)用一樣的語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造, 平行構(gòu)造常借助

3、于并列連詞and, or, not only.but also等。)lIII. 估計(jì)考生能夠出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤l 1. 冗言l 例1: (I am a member of) l our school football team. We practise for three times (every week and often watch football matches on TV together.) l 例2: Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. l l2. and but; and or; x not; g

4、ocome 轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)于整個(gè)句意的邏輯關(guān)系呵斥根本變化 l 例: She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered (her words and calmed down.) l and l 3. 英語(yǔ)句與句、詞與詞的銜接必需運(yùn)用并列或從屬連詞l 4. 定語(yǔ)從句的調(diào)查l 5. 忽視最常見(jiàn)近似形詞語(yǔ)的差別l 6. 誤把描畫(huà)詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞l命題之一: 英語(yǔ)的屈折附加成分l 英語(yǔ)學(xué)科顯著的特點(diǎn)是指拼音文字所特有的表現(xiàn)方式, 包括英語(yǔ)的屈折附加l成分, 如: 動(dòng)詞的屈折變化, 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的屈折變化, 代詞的屈折變化, 比較描畫(huà)詞的l屈折變化等, 而漢語(yǔ)那么無(wú)這種變化。l

5、 The new boy or girl in school quickly become one (of the class after a few games.) becomesl Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. costs l (Playing football not only makes us grow up) tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and (team spirit.)l gives l84/NMET2019

6、(She liked it) l very much and reads it to class. All said the story was (a good one.) read l We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop working. stopped l Bill is standing at the side of the car, (talking to two men who were helping him to repair it.) l was l Last Sunday, police cars hur

7、ry to the tallest building. hurried l Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases(疾病). have If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it (to be called back for you,.) (I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away) and it is really great to see mo

8、st of my old (friends again.) was We have a good time talking and laughing (together.) had My favourite sport is football. I was a member of (our school football team.) am After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. frightened Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. se

9、en (If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and if you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you, and let you know when the book you) want has returned and is ready for you to pick up. been Books may be keep for four weeks. keptl 4. 動(dòng)名詞的屈折

10、變化l81/NMET2019l Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was (learning to.) talkingl (Charles and Linda Mason do all these things) l as well as climbed buildings. l climbing; climb l (If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and if you pay) lthe cost of se

11、nd a postcard, the librarian will (write to you, .) sending l I want to thank you again for have me in yourl (home for the summer holidays. l having l I look forward to hear from you soon.l hearing l together. Play football not only makes us grow upl (tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fai

12、r play and team spirit.) Playing l I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. stand l The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. to l (If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and if you pay the cos

13、t of sending a postcard, the librarian will)l write to you, and let you to know when the book you (want has been returned and is ready for you to pick up.) l (I had always) wanted return to the village after moving awayl(and it was really great to see most of my old friends again.) to l Id like to y

14、our penfriend, and get tol(know more about your country.) l be/become l Different people speak different language, .l languages l We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. l water l We have been to Europe many time. l times l There are branch library in many villages.l l

15、ibraries l (I hope that you two could come and visit us) l some times soon. time lThere are branch library in many villages.l libraries l (I hope that you two could come and visit us) l some times soon. time l We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, (English and physics.) subjects l (W

16、e practise for three times)l every week and often watch football match on TV (together.) matches l85/NMET2019 (All said the story was) l a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me. word wordsl7. 代詞的屈折變化l82/NMET2019 (as I was) l learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote (

17、a little story.) l me myselfl The game speaks for themselves. l them/itself l When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. his l (And I cant forget) the good food you l cooked for I. me l8. 比較描畫(huà)詞的屈折變化l Police cars hurried to the taller building (inl New York.) tallest l (As a result, peopl

18、e in the modern world) generally live much more longer than people in the past. l (People in industrial countries can expect to live for) twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. as l In some places you may borrow many books as you want, . asl9. 詞性的變化 (從一類(lèi)詞派生另一類(lèi)詞是英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的又一顯著特點(diǎn)。 不同的句法

19、功能要求運(yùn)用與之相順應(yīng)的詞性) l A players native language is not importance. important l Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderfull l1. 英語(yǔ)介詞遠(yuǎn)比漢語(yǔ)介詞活潑這一特性(介詞常和活潑的動(dòng)詞搭配, 構(gòu)成表達(dá)法, 是NMET短文改錯(cuò)的重要內(nèi)容)l People in different parts in the world learn to understand one another through sports. l of l People in diffe

20、rent parts of the world learn to understand one with another through sports.l l Suddenly we caught sight at a car and l some men. of l When I have free time I go a long walk.l for l When they came down the police were l angry to them. with l Most people can quickly get for help l from a doctor or go

21、 to a hospital if they arel ill. l (Newly-published novels are always in great demand, ) and some books, for example, books for history, (science, cooking and gardening are also popular.) on l (I was a member of) our school football team. We practise for three timesl (every week and often watch foot

22、ball match on TV together.) l (We must keep in mind that we play)lfor the team instead ourselves. Also, the sport (teaches us the importance of lobedience服從). l of l2. 漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有和英語(yǔ)冠詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)這一特性, 考生在運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)冠詞方面經(jīng)常缺乏良好的認(rèn)識(shí)和習(xí)慣l79/NMET2019l My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her (advice and .) my

23、al One does not need to understand the languagel of other. the l Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. l Good health is persons most valuable possession. a l Modern people know more about the health, have better food, (and live in cleaner surroundings.) l There is

24、public library in every town in Britain.l a l Maybe you could come during a winter (holidays.)l the l (Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit) to a l American family. an l (Each) player must obey captain, who is the l leader of (the team.) the l The day before the speech contest(競(jìng)賽) Englishl teac

25、her (talked to me.) my l3. 忽視英語(yǔ)中的一致景象 (一致包括動(dòng)詞與其主語(yǔ)的一致, 稱(chēng)謂的一致, 主從句中時(shí)態(tài)的一致等)l (Different people speak different languages, but sports have a language of its own. their l The game speaks for themselves. l itself l (The new boy or girl in school quickly becomes) one of the class after few games.l a l The

26、new boy or girl in school quickly become (one of the class after a few games.) becomes l .talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. were l (Today, it is much easier to be healthy than)l it is in the past. was l The Smiths did his best to make me feel (at home.) their l the team. And they

27、must not break the rules tool (often if we want to win the game. ) wel (I did a good job and won the first) l prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. are l4. 忽視英語(yǔ)中的平行構(gòu)造景象忽視英語(yǔ)中的平行構(gòu)造景象 (在表達(dá)平行概念在表達(dá)平行概念時(shí)時(shí), 要運(yùn)用一樣的語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造要運(yùn)用一樣的語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造, 即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞相配即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞相配, 其時(shí)態(tài)及其方式應(yīng)一致其時(shí)態(tài)及其方式應(yīng)一致; 描畫(huà)詞與描畫(huà)詞相配描畫(huà)詞與

28、描畫(huà)詞相配, 要要留意只需程度相當(dāng)?shù)拿璁?huà)詞才干配合運(yùn)用留意只需程度相當(dāng)?shù)拿璁?huà)詞才干配合運(yùn)用, 即原即原級(jí)描畫(huà)詞與原級(jí)描畫(huà)詞相配級(jí)描畫(huà)詞與原級(jí)描畫(huà)詞相配, 比較級(jí)描畫(huà)詞與比比較級(jí)描畫(huà)詞與比較級(jí)描畫(huà)詞相配較級(jí)描畫(huà)詞相配, 最高級(jí)描畫(huà)詞與最高級(jí)描畫(huà)詞最高級(jí)描畫(huà)詞與最高級(jí)描畫(huà)詞相配相配; 分詞語(yǔ)與分詞相配分詞語(yǔ)與分詞相配, 不定式與不定式相配不定式與不定式相配, 短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)相配短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)相配; 平行構(gòu)造常借助于并列連詞平行構(gòu)造常借助于并列連詞and, or等。等。)l 80/NMET2019 (I followed her) l advice and should put down 100 words

29、 or so each day. 去掉去掉shouldl84/NMET2019 (She liked it) l very much and reads it to class. All said the story was (a good one.) reads readl l (He said it was best to stay until help arrived) rather than go into the forest and getting lost. get l (Modern people know more about the health, have) better

30、 food, and to live in cleaner surroundings. l Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. costs l (If the book you want is out, you may ask for it) to be called back for you, and whether you pay (the cost of sending al postcard, the librarian will write .) if l (It was very kind of

31、them to meet me) at the railway station and drove me to their home. l drive l (Playing football not only makes us grow up)l tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and (team spirit.) givesl (I was often) a little tired after a days work land watch TV (demands very little effort). l wat

32、ching l (I remembered) her words and calm down. lI did a good job and won the first (prize.) l calmed l 1. 冗言l77/NMET2019 (I ran into many) l difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought l (in Chinese and. ) was in that was thatl (As a result, people in the modern world) generally liv

33、e much more longer than people in the past. l Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital if they are ill. l I never knew about a ride down (a river could be so exciting.) /that l (I never knew a ride down) a river could be so much exciting. l (I also enjoyed the) evenings

34、 when we spent together. l I hope that both you two could come and visitl us l l Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit (to an American family.) l (In fact) they are planning to visit China in next year. l First, let me tell you something more about myself. l (I was a member of)l our school

35、football team. We practise for three timesl (every week and often watch football matches on TV together.) l (11) Whenever I see them I will often think of lmy English teacher. l2. and but; and or; x not; gocome 對(duì)于整個(gè)句意的邏輯關(guān)系所呵斥根本變化 l78/NMET2019 (I always thought)l in Chinese and tried to translate any

36、thing into English. anything everythingl A football player from Japan can not play with (a player from England.) l (The new person on the job feels better after) lhe and she has played tennis with other l(people in the office. ) or l We tried to fix it and there was nothing (we could do.) but l Ther

37、efore, there are still some countries lwhere (people have shorter lives.) However l Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.l come l以寫(xiě)信人所在地為中心, 運(yùn)用come, 以防止句子產(chǎn)生歧義。l She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered (her words and calmed down.) l and l l I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends (

38、here what a great time I had.) l and l (I told Mother, Father, Sister, and all my friends)l here that a great time I had.) what l People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together. l who/that l However, David and I did not agree and David pointed to a path which it h

39、e thought would probably lead to a village. l l In the last five years that they have climbed churches, (high building and television towers.) l l (However, there are still some countries) there people have shorter lives. l where l (In some places you may borrow as many books as you want, in other p

40、laces you are limited to a certain) number, of that some may be novels. which l My name is Li Hua. I live in Beijing, where is the (capital of China.) l which l5. 忽視最常見(jiàn)近似形詞語(yǔ)的差別l He lied down by the side of the path to rest. lay l 6. 誤把描畫(huà)詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞l They eager to know everything about (China and asked me l

41、ots of questions.) l were lWhat should you do when your parents become angry? 1. l點(diǎn)評(píng)點(diǎn)評(píng): 多年來(lái)多年來(lái)NMET短文改錯(cuò)普通思索在文章短文改錯(cuò)普通思索在文章l首行的后半部命題首行的后半部命題, 但但NMET2019, 2019京京 2019命題在文章的首行延續(xù)出現(xiàn)正確句答案命題在文章的首行延續(xù)出現(xiàn)正確句答案, , 應(yīng)引起關(guān)注。應(yīng)引起關(guān)注。l 需求指出的是首行第需求指出的是首行第1個(gè)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)普通不會(huì)個(gè)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)普通不會(huì)有誤有誤, 其方式闡明該段文章其方式闡明該段文章 時(shí)態(tài)的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)。 建議在此句中留意

42、動(dòng)詞建議在此句中留意動(dòng)詞become的時(shí)態(tài)。的時(shí)態(tài)。l If your parents got mad, try to have a conversation with them (about it). get l點(diǎn)評(píng)：NMET短文改錯(cuò)注重對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的屈折變化的調(diào)查, 如NMET2019:l . and will do all they can to make sure l that I get a good education. They did not want mel to do any work at home do l 重要提示: 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)由如今時(shí)錯(cuò)誤地跳到過(guò)去時(shí)或反之, 是該題型最

43、重要的命題思索之一。l(If your parents get mad, try to have a conversation with them )labout it. Remembering not to shout at them. They usually Rememberl(will try to change, .)l點(diǎn)評(píng): Remembering假設(shè)不是用作如今分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ), 就應(yīng)思索將其ing去掉, 而改為祈使句用法。句或句式的準(zhǔn)確性是解題應(yīng)該留意的內(nèi)容。其中關(guān)注標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào), 包括逗號(hào)、句號(hào)出現(xiàn)的場(chǎng)所和時(shí)機(jī)是非常必要的。l(They usually) lwill try to

44、change, but they will take some time because it l(they get angry all their life, and that is all they know.) l點(diǎn)評(píng): 該題涉及對(duì)代詞的指代對(duì)象準(zhǔn)確性的調(diào)查, 是該題型重要的命題思索之一, l 如NMET98: l (Each player must obey the captain, who is the leader of) l the team. And they must not break the rules too (often if we want to win the g

45、ame.) wel(., but it will take some time because) lthey get angry all their life, and that is all they lknow. You lives l(might have to change for your method a couple of times.) l點(diǎn)評(píng): life用作不可數(shù)名詞, 意為人生, 生活, 生存; l life用作可數(shù)名詞, 意為終身, 終生。l 例: They have very busy lives. 他們終生忙碌。 l 該題涉及到對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)判別的調(diào)查, 此考點(diǎn)是該題型最常見(jiàn)的命題景象。 l 如NMET2019:lthey want me to devote all my time to my studies