介詞與介詞短語(yǔ)

1、高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)介詞又叫前置詞。一般放在名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞的前面。介詞是虛詞，主要用來(lái)表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件之間的關(guān)系，如空間位置、時(shí)間先后、因果關(guān)系、方式方法等。介詞與其賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)?？勺鹘樵~賓語(yǔ)的主要有名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞(或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))、名詞性從句等。 高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考常考高考?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)介詞辨析(1)against(表示方位)倚靠著； (表示態(tài)度)反對(duì)；(表示對(duì)比)以為背景An agreement seems to be impossible

2、because the majority of the committee members are against it.(2012陜西卷)看來(lái)意見達(dá)成一致是不可能了，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會(huì)成員都表示反對(duì)。 高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考常考高考?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(2)off(表示位置)在的外面，在的沿海； (表示方向)偏離；從離開The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.(2012遼寧卷)Well Hotel坐落于湖盡頭的大路附近一個(gè)非常安靜的地方。(3)over(表示

3、位置)在的正上方；在的上面； (表示方向)越過(guò)；(表示等級(jí)或數(shù)目)高于，在之上，超過(guò)；(表示時(shí)間或過(guò)程)在期間Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(2011山東卷)很抱歉我沒(méi)有給您打電話，但是在過(guò)去的兩周里我一直很忙。 高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(4)beyond(表示位置)在另一邊；在更遠(yuǎn)處； (表示程度)超出； 非所能及Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her m

4、oving story.(2009全國(guó)卷)聽了她感人的故事，大家都被感動(dòng)的無(wú)以言表。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考常考高考?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(5)with(表示關(guān)系)和在一起 ；(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有；(表示方式)用；憑借 ；(表示對(duì)象)關(guān)于 ；(表示伴隨)隨著；(表示原因)由于，因?yàn)門he dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money with me.(2010重慶卷)這本詞典是我想要的東西，但我身上沒(méi)帶那么多錢。 高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(6)through(表示位置)穿過(guò)；(表示時(shí)間

5、)整個(gè)；(表示手段、媒介)依據(jù)，經(jīng)由Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you through the tough years.(2010重慶卷)畢業(yè)時(shí)是向那些在艱難歲月里幫助過(guò)你的人表示感謝的好機(jī)會(huì)。 高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考體驗(yàn)1(2013新課標(biāo)卷)A serious study of physics is impossible_some knowledge of mathematics.Aagainst BbeforeCbeyond Dwithout答案D考查介詞辨析。句

6、意：沒(méi)有一些數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)，不可能有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奈锢硌芯俊ithout在此表示條件。 高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)2(2013新課標(biāo)卷)It was a real race _time to get the project done.Luckily, we made it.Aover Bby Cfor Dagainst答案D考查介詞辨析。句意：為了完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，我們簡(jiǎn)直是在和時(shí)間賽跑啊。幸運(yùn)的是，我們作到了。against表示“與比賽”，符合句意。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)3(2012北京卷)Do you think this shirt

7、 is too tight _the shoulders?Aat Bon Cto Dacross答案D考查介詞。句意：你覺(jué)得這件襯衣的肩部是不是太緊了？across表示“從一邊到另一邊”，符合句意。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)固定搭配中介詞(短語(yǔ))的考查是重點(diǎn)，主要包括與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的搭配。因此多留意一些短語(yǔ)中介詞的使用非常重要。介詞的固定搭配考查有兩種：一是考查固定搭配中的介詞；二是考查介詞短語(yǔ)。近五年考查到的介詞(短語(yǔ))的固定搭配有：(1)inin the meanwhile 同時(shí)in the way 阻擋高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易

8、錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)in time 及時(shí)；最終in detail 詳細(xì)地in favour of 同意in case 以免；萬(wàn)一in return 作為回報(bào)in exchange for 用以交換高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考常考高考?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(2)forbe praised for 因?yàn)槭艿奖頁(yè)P(yáng)for life 終生for the benefit of 為了的利益as for 就而論；關(guān)于be trained for 被訓(xùn)練為for lack of 由于缺乏高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(3)ofof great / much抽象名詞(4)onon beh

9、alf of 代表on the contrary 相反on condition that 以作為條件(5)withhave an appointment with 與有約會(huì)with regard to 關(guān)于高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(6)aboveabove average 在平均數(shù)以上above all 首先；最重要的是(7)byby chance 偶然；碰巧by name 用名字by the dozen 按打(出售)(8)fromapart from 除之外far from 遠(yuǎn)非(9)againstwarn sb against (doing) sth 警

10、告某人不要作某事(10) out ofout of place 不在合適的位置；不適當(dāng)?shù)母呖急乜几呖急乜键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(11) toTo ones delight/ surprise/ horror/ sorrow/ joy / regret.I have an appointment with Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.(2013陜西卷)我和史密斯先生有個(gè)約會(huì)，但我需要改一下。You can change your job；you can move house, but friendship is meant to b

11、e for life. (2012安徽卷)你可以換工作，可以搬家，但友誼卻可以終生受用。Nothing is so easy as for parents raise their expectations of their children too high. (2012福建卷)高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)沒(méi)有什么比父母過(guò)多的提高對(duì)孩子的期望值更容易的了。The camel is of great help to the ArabThe camel is very helpful to the Arab.駱駝對(duì)阿拉伯人非常有幫助。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖?/p>

12、常考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考體驗(yàn)1(2013山東卷)The Smiths are praised _the way they bring up their children.Afrom Bby Cat Dfor答案D考查介詞。句意：史密斯夫婦因其教養(yǎng)孩子的方式而受到贊揚(yáng)。be praised for .是固定搭配，意為“因而受到贊揚(yáng)”。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)2(2013江蘇卷)I am always delighted when I receive an email from you._the party on July 1st I shall be

13、pleased to attend.AOn account of BIn response toCIn view of DWith regard to答案D考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：收到你的電子郵件，我總是很開心。至于七月一日的聚會(huì)，我很樂(lè)意參加。根據(jù)句意可知，with regard to“關(guān)于，至于”正確。on account of“由于，因?yàn)椤?；in response to“響應(yīng)，對(duì)有反應(yīng)”；in view of“鑒于，考慮到”。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)3(2013遼寧卷)_everyone here, I wish you a pleasant jour

14、ney back to your country.ABy means of BOn behalf ofCIn search of DFor fear of答案B考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我代表在場(chǎng)的所有人祝您歸國(guó)旅途愉快。on behalf of“代表”，符合句意。by means of“借助手段”；in search of“尋找”；for fear of“唯恐”。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)一、近義介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)辨析高考體驗(yàn)1(2013安徽卷)If parents have children help with housework, the children w

15、ill feel needed._， they will learn to take care of themselves.AOn the contrary BIn a wordCThat is to say DWhats more答案D考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：如果父母讓孩子幫助作家務(wù)，孩子們會(huì)感覺(jué)自己被需要。而且他們還能學(xué)會(huì)照顧自己。whats more而且；on the contrary與此相反；in a word總之；that is to say那就是說(shuō)。根據(jù)句意前后表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系可知選D。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)2(2013湖北卷)An artist wh

16、o was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _a long lost antique Greek vase.Aat random Bby chanceCin turn Don occasion答案B考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：最近一個(gè)坐船到南方島嶼去旅行的藝術(shù)家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)丟失很久的古希臘花瓶。A項(xiàng)“任意地，隨便地”；B項(xiàng)“偶然地”；C項(xiàng)“依次，反過(guò)來(lái)”；D項(xiàng)“有時(shí)，偶爾”。根據(jù)句意可知選B項(xiàng)。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考常考高考?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)3(2013陜西卷)The manager wa

17、nts to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will_.Ain particular Bin turnCin charge Din time答案D考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：經(jīng)理想看看公司的變化，我相信他遲早會(huì)看到的。in particular尤其，特別；in turn依次，輪流；in charge負(fù)責(zé)，掌管；in time及時(shí)，遲早，最終。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選D。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)二、貌似分詞的介詞(1)concerning：意為“關(guān)于”、“就來(lái)說(shuō)”(with regard to，with refer

18、ence to)，一般用于較正式的文體或場(chǎng)合。We still have no information concerning her whereabouts.關(guān)于她的下落，我們?nèi)詿o(wú)消息。(2)considering：意為“考慮到”或“鑒于”，“就而論”(o consideration，in view of)。Considering her age，she looks quite young.就她的年齡而論，她顯得十分年輕。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考常考高考?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(3)regarding意為“關(guān)于，至于”(with reference to，about)。

19、Similar statements may be made regarding the properties of sound waves.關(guān)于聲波的性質(zhì)也可以作類似的說(shuō)明。We have confidence regarding the future of reform.關(guān)于改革的前途，我們是有信心的。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(4)owing to意為“因?yàn)椤⒂捎凇?because of，on account of)。Owing to the drought，crops are short.因?yàn)樘旌凳粘刹缓谩wing to the rain，the b

20、asketball game has been cancelled.因?yàn)橄掠辏@場(chǎng)籃球賽已被取消了。(5)given如果考慮到，假定 Given their inexperience，they have done a good job. 考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗(yàn)，這個(gè)工作他們作得不錯(cuò)。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(6)judging from / by ( to judge by )“由來(lái)判斷”，用作介詞。Judging from / by what he said, he must be an honest man.由他所說(shuō)的來(lái)判斷，他一定是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。Judging from / by his accent, he must be from Guangdong province.從他的口音來(lái)判斷，他一定來(lái)自廣東。高考必考高考必考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考?？几呖汲？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考易錯(cuò)高考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高考體驗(yàn)1_that she has no experience, sh