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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)初一年級(jí)(上)1. in/on 在表示空間位置時(shí),in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi),on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如: There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥。 There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。2. this/that/these/those (1)this常常用來指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事,those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: You look in this box and

2、 Ill look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子,我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。 I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車,不是那一輛。 Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。 This is mine; thats yours. 這個(gè)是我的,那個(gè)是你的。 These are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果,那些是橘子。 (2)在打電話的用語中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如: This is Mary speakin

3、g. Whos that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰?3. There be/ haveThere be "有",其確切含意為"某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。"其結(jié)構(gòu)是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語,be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語在數(shù)上保持一致,be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is,名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如:(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒

4、子里有個(gè)娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果。總之,There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的"有"。have表示"擁有,占有,具有",即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞,與主語是所屬關(guān)系。例如:(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟,一個(gè)姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”,著

5、重指認(rèn)真看,強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作,表示有意識(shí)地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒對(duì)方注意。,如:Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧!孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look! Whats that over there? 看!那邊那個(gè)是什么?單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞,如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物,其后接介詞at,才能帶賓語,如:Hes looking at me。他正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果,著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,意思是“看到”,see是及物動(dòng)詞,后面能直接跟賓語。如:What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什

6、么?Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?(3)watch“觀看,注視”,側(cè)重于場面,表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)過程,常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如:Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場足球比賽。4. put on/ / in put on意為“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in 是介詞,表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標(biāo)語和狀語。如:Its cold outside

7、, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.  他戴上帽子,走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。5. house/ home/familyhouse :“房子”,指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”,指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“,“家庭成員”。例如:Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來。He is not at

8、home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"之意,但前三者既可作表語又可作定語,而后者僅用作表語。主要區(qū)別在于: (1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)",形容人時(shí)表示的是"身體健康",也 可以用來指"天氣晴朗"。例如:Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。That's a fine machine. 那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器。It'

9、s a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時(shí)候。(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表,有"美好","漂亮"的意思,也可用于問候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如:Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見到你很高興。It's very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人時(shí)指"品德好",形容物時(shí)指"質(zhì)量好",是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。例如:Her s

10、on is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well只可用來形容人的"身體好",但不能作定語,它也能用作副詞作狀語,多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如:I'm very well, thanks. 我身體很好,謝謝。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。初一年級(jí)(下)1. That's right./ Thats all right./ All right.Thats right意為“對(duì)的”,表示贊同對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為,肯定對(duì)方的答案或判

11、斷。例如:"I think we must help the old man.""我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。""That's right."或 "You're right.""說得對(duì)"。Thats all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒關(guān)系”,用來回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如:"Many thanks." "That's all right.""Sorry. It's broken." "Tha

12、t's all right."All right.意為“行了”、“可以”,表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好”"Please tell me about it." "請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。""All right.""好吧。"Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做”,但含義卻不同,不能混用。make指做東西或制東西,do指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎

13、?Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay:是最口語化的最普通的一個(gè)詞,意為“說出”、“說道”,著重所說的話。如: “I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說,“我要坐汽車到那里去。”Please say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語說。speak : “說話”,著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說的內(nèi)容,一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語 ) 。如:Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況?I dont like to speak l

14、ike this. 我不喜歡這樣說話。speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí),只能和某種語言等連用,表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如:She speaks English well.她英語說得好。talk : 與 speak 意義相近,也著重說話的動(dòng)作,而不著重所說的話,因此,一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞, 不過,talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說的,有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味,著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如:I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell : “告訴”,除較

15、少情況外,一般后面總接雙賓語。如:Hes telling me a story.他在給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做飯”解,屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞,不能用作復(fù)數(shù),但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語:do some was

16、hing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚從以上短語可引申出另一類短語,不能用some, much或定冠詞。go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 與like to do sth. 意思相同,但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性;后來表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如

17、:He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球,但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的,別的, Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎?others 別的人,別的東西 In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國人,其他的是法國人。the other表另一個(gè)(二者之中)on

18、e,the otherOne of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another表三者以上的另一個(gè),另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為"在樹上"但英語中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事(不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西)落在樹上,表示

19、樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時(shí),要使用on the tree.如: There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。 There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥。8. some/ any (1)some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要 注意。some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the g

20、lass.(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中,或在表示請(qǐng)求,邀請(qǐng)的疑問句中,我們依然用some。如:Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)說人,動(dòng)物,樹木等有生命的東西,主要用tall,不用high,例如 a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女 a tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬 (2)說一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí),要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上時(shí),飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí),例如: He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在

21、空中這么高。 (3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以,不過high的程度比tall高。 (4)high可作副詞,tall不能。 (5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.10. can/ could(1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力,或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的"能力"。例如: Can you ride a bike? 你會(huì)騎自行車嗎? What can I do for you? 要幫忙嗎? Can you make a cake?你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎?(2) can用在否定句和疑問句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說話人的"懷疑""猜

22、測"或不肯定。例如:Where can he be?他會(huì)在什么地方呢?Can the news be true?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎?It surely can't be six o'clock already?不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?You can't be hungry so soon,Tom,you've just had lunch.湯姆,你不可能餓得這么快,你剛吃過午飯。What can he mean?他會(huì)是什么意思?在日常會(huì)話中,can可代替may表示"允許",may比較正式。例如:You can come in any

23、time.你隨時(shí)都可以來。- Can I use your pen?我能用你的鋼筆嗎?- Of course,you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat,I'm going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can的過去式,表示過去有過的能力和可能性(在否定和疑問句中)。例如: The doctor said he could help him.(能力)醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。 Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力) 當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。At that time we

24、thought the story could be true.(可能性)那時(shí)我們以為所說的可能是真的。 could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,但語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如:Could I speak to John,please?我能和約翰說話嗎? Could you?在口語中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如:Could you wait half an hour?請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎?Could you please ring again at six?六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎?(4) can的形式只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時(shí)態(tài),有時(shí)也能表示將來。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)(

25、包括將來時(shí))須用be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來表示。例如: They have not been able to come to Beijing. 他們沒有能到北京來。11. look for/ findlook for 意為“尋找”,而find意為“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)”,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作,并不注重“找”的結(jié)果,而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如:She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch,but he cant find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表,但沒能找到。12. be sleeping/ be aslee

26、pbe sleeping 表示動(dòng)作,意思是“正在睡覺”;be asleep 表示狀態(tài),意思是“睡著了”。如:-What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么?-They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺。The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften表示"經(jīng)常",sometimes表示"有時(shí)候",在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)

27、常性,一般性的動(dòng)作或情況,常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用,常位于主要謂語動(dòng)詞的前面,其他謂語動(dòng)詞(be動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞)的后面,有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語氣,則放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時(shí),我睡覺很早。He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語。14. How much/ How manyhow much常用來詢問某一商品的價(jià)格,常見句式是How much is / are?How much is t

28、he skirt?  這條裙子多少錢?How much are the bananas?  這些香蕉多少錢?how much后加不可數(shù)名詞,表示數(shù)量,意為“多少“,how many后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。How much meat do you want?  你要多少肉呀?How many students are there in your class?  你們班有多少人?15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for 表示"對(duì)有好處",而be bad for表示"對(duì)有

29、害";be good to表示"對(duì)友好",而be bad to表示"對(duì)不好";be good at表示"擅長,在方面做得好",而be bad at表示"在方面做得不好"。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。 Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。 Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。 The boss is bad

30、to his workers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。 Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長畫畫,但是我不擅長。16. each/ everyeach 和every都有"每一個(gè)"的意思,但含義和用法不相同。each從個(gè)體著眼,every從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上。 We each have a new book. 我們每人各有一本新書。 There are trees on each side of the street. 街的兩旁有樹。 He gets u

31、p early every morning. 每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞;every只能用作形容詞。Each of them has his own duty.他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。They each want to do something different.他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示說話者的能力,還有自然現(xiàn)象;而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing)。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。

32、I'm doing my homework now.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等詞連用;而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等連用。We often clean the classroom after school.我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看!他們正在打掃教室呢。初二年級(jí)(上)1. on the

33、 street / in the street表示“在街上”時(shí),on the street 和 in the street 都可以,在美國多用on the street, 在英國多用in the street. 例如:We have a house in the street. 我們?cè)诮稚嫌凶孔?。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇見了他。2. would like / like would like 和 like含義不同。like 意思是“喜歡”,“愛好”,而 would like 意思是“想要”。試比較: I like beer.=Im fond of beer.

34、 我喜歡喝啤酒。 Id like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。 Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜歡看電影嗎? Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看電影嗎?3. another / the other(1)another 通常用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上或不確定數(shù)量中的任意一個(gè)人或 物體。 例如:May I have another apple, please? 請(qǐng)?jiān)诮o我一個(gè)蘋果好嗎?This coat is too small for

35、 me. Please show me another這件外套我穿太小,請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我拿一件看看。 (2)the other 通常指兩者中的另一個(gè)。例如:He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有兩把尺子,一把短的,另一把長的。I have two brothers. One works in Xian . The other works in Beijing. 我有兩個(gè)兄弟,一個(gè)在西安工作,另一個(gè)在北京工作。4. have to /must (1)have to和 must 都可以用來談?wù)摿x務(wù),但用法略有不同。如果某人主觀上覺得必須

36、去做而又想去時(shí),常用must。如果談?wù)撃撤N來自“外界”的義務(wù),常用have to。例如:I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙。(自己想戒煙)They have to work for the boss.他們不得不為那個(gè)老板工作。(條件逼得他們?nèi)スぷ鳎?(2)have to 可用于多種時(shí)態(tài),must 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:Ill have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必須早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.為了多掙錢,我們不得不每

37、天長時(shí)間地工作。 (3)用于否定句時(shí),mustnt意思是“決不能”,“禁止”,而dont have to意思是“不必”,相當(dāng)于neednt。例如: You mustnt be late again next time.下一次你決不能再遲到。 You dont have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow. 你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“聽到某人或某物在做某事”,而

38、hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“聽到某人或某物做過某事”。試比較:I hear him singing an English song.聽見他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我聽見他唱一首英文歌。類似hear 這種用法的還有see, watch, listen, feel等感官動(dòng)詞。6. any /someany和some 都可以同不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用,但some一般用在肯定句中;any用在疑問句和否定句中。試比較:I want some money. 我想要點(diǎn)錢。Have you any money? 你有錢

39、嗎?I dont have any money. 我一點(diǎn)錢也沒有。some 有時(shí)也用于疑問句,表示說話人期待一個(gè)肯定回答或鼓勵(lì)人家說“是”。例如:Would you like some more beer?請(qǐng)你再來點(diǎn)啤酒好嗎?Could I have some rice, please?請(qǐng)給我來點(diǎn)米飯好嗎?7. hear /listen tolisten to 和hear 都有“聽”的意思,但含義有所不同。Listen to強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”的動(dòng)作,hear 強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”的結(jié)果。例如: Listen to me ,please! Im going to tell you a story. 請(qǐng)聽我說!我給

40、你們講個(gè)故事。 Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 聽!你能聽見有人在隔壁房間里哭嗎? I listened, but heard nothing.我聽了聽,但什么也聽不見。hear 后面如果接賓語從句,常常表示“聽說”。例如: I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我聽說一些外國學(xué)生將要訪問我們學(xué)校。 I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我聽說今晚我們學(xué)校要演一場電影。

41、8. Lets /Let usLets 和Let us 都表示“讓我們”, 如果us 包括聽話人在內(nèi),其含義相同,附帶問句用shall we. 如果us 不包括聽話人在內(nèi),其含義不同,Let us的附帶問句要用will you。例如: Lets go shopping, shall we? 我們?nèi)ベ徫锖脝幔?. take/ bring/ carry /get這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“拿”和“帶”的意思,但含義有所不同。take意為“帶走”,“拿走”,bring意為“帶來”,“拿來”, get表示“到別的地方把某人或某物帶來或拿來”,carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向,帶有負(fù)重的意思。試比較:My parents of

42、ten take me there on holidays.我父母常常帶我到那里去度假。Im going to take you to Beijing.我準(zhǔn)備帶你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.請(qǐng)給我端杯茶來。Ill bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本書給你帶來。The waiter carried the me to the table服務(wù)員把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那個(gè)包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag

43、.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.讓我去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生吧。 10. far away /faraway (1)far away是一個(gè)副詞短語,意思是“很遠(yuǎn)”。例如:Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些離得很遠(yuǎn),有些離得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那個(gè)村子離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。 (2)faraway是一個(gè)形容詞,意思是“遙遠(yuǎn)的”,可以在句中作定語。例如:He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小山村。11. find / look forfin

44、d和look for 都有“找”的意思,但含義不同。find 強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果,而look for 強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的過程。請(qǐng)看下列例句:He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行車。Im looking for my watch, but cant find it.我在找我的手表,但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你盡快找到丟失的戒指。另外,find還有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;“感到”等意思。例如:I found a wallet in the desk.我在課桌里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)錢包。I find this book very

45、 interesting.我覺得這本書很有意思。12. in front of /in the front ofIn front of 表示在某物的前面,不在某物的范圍內(nèi)。In the front of 表示在某物的前部,在某物的范圍內(nèi)。試比較:My seat is in front of Marys.我的座位在瑪麗座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司機(jī)坐在小車的前部。初二年級(jí)(中)1. above/ over/ on 這三個(gè)介詞都表示“在之上”,但含義不同。on指在某物的表面上,和某物接觸;above指

46、在某物的上方,不和某物接觸,但也不一定在某物的正上方;over指在某物的正上方,不和某物接觸。試比較:There is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書。I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高舉過頭。There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石橋。2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘記做某事”,實(shí)際上還沒做;forget doing sth,意思是“忘記做過某事”,實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做過了。試比較:I fo

47、rgot to tell him the news.我忘記告訴他這條消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已經(jīng)把這條消息告訴他了,我卻忘了。類似的詞還有:remember, regret等。3. hope/wishhope和wish 在漢語中都有“希望”的意思,但其含義和用法有所不同。主要區(qū)別如下:(1)wish可以用來表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望;hope只能用來表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。例如:I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年輕二十歲。 I hope youll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起來。I wish t

48、he weather wasnt so cold. 但愿天氣不這麼冷。I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能來。(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu),而hope不可以。例如:Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再來?4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用來表示說話人給對(duì)方提出要求,意思是“務(wù)必”,也可以用來表示說話人做出的推斷,意思是“一定”,“肯定”。例如:Be sure to lock

49、the door when you leave.你離開時(shí)務(wù)必把門鎖好。Its a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.這是一部好電影,你肯定會(huì)喜歡的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用來表示“某人對(duì)某事有把握”。例如:Im sure of his success.我相信他會(huì)成功。I think it was three years ago, but Im not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情,但我沒有把握。5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“聽到”,從哪里聽到要用from來表示。例如:

50、Ive heard from Xiao Wu that well start out military training tomorrow.我聽小吳說,我們明天開始軍訓(xùn)。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.聽錄音,并寫出你從韓梅那里聽到的內(nèi)容。hear from還有一個(gè)意思是“收到某人的來信”(=receive a letter from sb.)。例如:I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上個(gè)月我受到了美國筆友的來信。I heard fro

51、m her last week. 我上周接到了她的來信。hear of和和hear from含義不同。hear of 意思是“聽說”,“得知”(某事或某人的存在),常用在疑問句和否定句里。例如:Who is he? Ive never heard of him.他是誰?我從來沒有聽說過他。I never heard of such a thing! 這樣的事我從來沒有聽說過。6. Its a pleasure./With pleasure.Its a pleasure這句話常用作別人向你表示致謝時(shí)的答語,意思是“那是我樂意做的”。例如:-Thank you for helping me. 謝謝

52、你地幫助。-Its a pleasure. 那是我樂意做的。-Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感謝。 再見。-Its a pleasure. 那是我樂意做的。再見。類似的話還有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “Thats all right.” With pleasure也用作客氣的答語,主要用在別人要你做某事,而你又非常愿意去做的場合。例如:-Will you please pass me the newspaper, please? 請(qǐng)你把報(bào)紙遞給我好嗎?-With pleasure. 當(dāng)然可以。7. seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起來

53、”講,但seem暗示憑借一些跡象作出的有根據(jù)的判斷,這種判斷往往接近事實(shí);look著重強(qiáng)調(diào)由視覺得出的印象。兩者都可跟(to be)+形容詞和as if從句。如:He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起來很高興。It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。(2)但下列情況中只用seem不用look:1)后跟不定式to do時(shí)。如:He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。2)在It seems that .結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:It seems that

54、 he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高興些了。8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for表示“已作好的準(zhǔn)備”,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)(2)get ready to do和get ready for表示“為做準(zhǔn)備”,強(qiáng)調(diào)行為。如:I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備做一切做你要我做的事。I'm ready for any questions you

55、 may ask.我愿意/隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備回答你可能問的問題。He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正準(zhǔn)備動(dòng)身去東京。Let's get ready for the hard moment.我們?yōu)檫@一艱難時(shí)刻作好準(zhǔn)備吧。(3)be ready to do 通??衫斫狻皹酚谧瞿呈隆?,即思想上總是有做某事的準(zhǔn)備。be not ready to do表示“不輕易做某事”。如:He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不輕易聽從別人。9. at table/at the tableat table

56、在吃飯,at the table在桌子旁邊。例如:The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃飯。Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布萊克先生坐在桌旁讀書。10. reach, arrive/get to 三者都有"到達(dá)"之意。reach是及物動(dòng)詞,后直接加名詞,get和arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能直接加名詞,須借助于介詞。get to后加名詞地點(diǎn),若跟副詞地點(diǎn)時(shí),to去掉;arrive at +小地方,arrive in+大地方。如: Lucy got to the zoo be

57、fore 8 o'clock. 露西8點(diǎn)前到了動(dòng)物園。 When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何時(shí)到上海的? It was late when I got home. 我到家時(shí)天色已晚。11. sick/ill 二者都是形容詞。當(dāng)“生病的,患病“之意時(shí),ill只作表語,不作定語;而sick既可作表語也可作定語。sick有"嘔吐,惡心"的意思,只能作表語,而ill無此意。如: Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表語)李磊上周生病了。 He's a sick man. (作定語)他是病人

58、。不能說成:He's an ill man. My grandfather was sick for a month last year. (作表語)我祖父去年病了一個(gè) 月。12. in time/on time in time是"及時(shí)"的意思,on time是"準(zhǔn)時(shí),按時(shí)"。如:I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我沒有及時(shí)趕上汽車。We'll finish our job on time. 我們要按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。13. may be/maybe It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也許在你里邊的口袋里。第一句中may be是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be 動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的謂語部分,意思是"也許是","可能是";第二句中的maybe是副詞,意思是"可能",常位于句首,不能位于句中,相當(dāng)于另一副詞perhaps。再如: Maybe you put it in that

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