軟件工程復習英文

1、1. Which question no longer concerns the modern software engineer? （a） 現(xiàn)如今的軟件工程師不再考慮以下哪個問題？ a. Why does computer hardware cost so much? 計算機硬件為什么如此昂貴 b. Why does software take a long time to finish? c. Why does it cost so much to develop a piece of software? d. Why can't software errors be remove

2、d from products prior to delivery? 2. Software deteriorates rather than wears out because（c） 軟件通常是變壞而不是磨損的原因是 a. Software suffers from exposure to hostile environments b. Defects are more likely to arise after software has been used often c. Multiple change requests introduce errors in component int

3、eractions 在組件交互中需求發(fā)生變化導致錯誤 d. Software spare parts become harder to order 3. Most software continues to be custom built because（d）大多數(shù)軟件產(chǎn)品是定制的原因是 a. Component reuse is common in the software world b. Reusable components are too expensive to use c. Software is easier to build without using someone els

4、e's components. d. Off the shelf software components are not commonly available 現(xiàn)成的軟件組件不常用4. The nature of software applications can be characterized by their information（d） 軟件應用的本質可以被特色化，通過他們信息的 a. complexity b. content 內(nèi)容 c. determinacy （確定性） d. choices "b" and "c"5. Adding

5、 more people to a project that is already behind schedule is a good way to catch up. （F）添加更多的人到一個項目，已經(jīng)落后于時間表是趕上一個很好的方式6. Change cannot be easily accommodated in most software systems, unless a system was designed with change in mind.（T） 需求變化不適應于大多數(shù)的軟件系統(tǒng)，除非軟件在設計之初便考慮了變化因素7. Which of the items listed

6、below is not one of the software engineering layers?（b）下面列出的項目是不是一個軟件工程的層？ a. Process b. Manufacturing 制造業(yè) c. Methods d. Tools8. What are the three generic phases of software engineering? （a） 軟件工程的三個一般的階段是 a. definition, development, support 定義階段、開發(fā)階段、維護階段 b. what, how, where c. programming, debuggi

7、ng, maintenance d. analysis, design, testing 9. Which of these terms is a level name in the Capability Maturity Model?（b） a. Ad hoc b. Repeatable 可重復的 c. Reusable d. Organized 10. The linear sequential model of software development is （a） 軟件開發(fā)中的線性模型是 a. A reasonable approach when requirements are we

8、ll defined. 當需求被良好定義時的合理開發(fā)方式。 b. A good approach when a working program is required quickly. c. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. d. An old fashioned model that is rarely used any more. 11.The prototyping model of software development is （b）軟件開發(fā)中的原型模型是 a. A reasonab

9、le approach when requirements are well defined. b. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly. 當客戶無法清晰定義需求時的有效開發(fā)方式 c. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. d. A risky model that rarely produces a meaningful product. 6. The rapid application dev

10、elopment model is （c）快速開發(fā)模型是 a. Another name for component-based development. b. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly. c. A high speed adaptation of the linear sequential model. 線性順序模型的高速適應方式 d. All of the above. 7. The incremental model of software development is（b）

11、軟件開發(fā)中的增量模型是 a. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined. b. A good approach when a working core product is required quickly. 當核心產(chǎn)品需要被迅速開發(fā)時的良好開發(fā)方式 c. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. d. A revolutionary model that is not used for commercial products.

12、8. The spiral model of software development（c） 螺旋開發(fā)模型 a. Ends with the delivery of the software product b. Is more chaotic than the incremental model c. Includes project risks evaluation during each iteration在每個迭代中都包括項目風險評估 d. All of the above 1. One of the most difficult parts of software requireme

13、nts analysis is ensuring the developer understands the customer's needs.（T）軟件需求分析中最困難的部分之一是確保開發(fā)人員了解客戶的需求。2. Which of these people would not be likely to part of the FAST team? （a） a. software engineers b. developing representative c. marketing representatives d. senior financial officers3. Which

14、 of these requirements are not considered during quality function deployment(QFD)?（a） a. exciting requirements b. expected requirement c. normal requirements d. technology requirements 4. Information flow represents the manner in which data and control （b）信息流表示其中數(shù)據(jù)及控制以這樣的方式 a. are related to one ano

15、ther. b. change as each moves through the system. 轉變?yōu)檎麄€系統(tǒng)的每個動作。 c. will be implemented in the final design. d. none of the above. 5. In the context of requirements analysis, two types of problem partitioning are （a）在需求分析的背景下，兩種類型的問題劃分為 a. bottom-up and top-down b. horizontal and vertical c. subordin

16、ate and superordinate d. none of the above 6. Which view should be considerd first during software requirements analysis?（c） 在軟件需求分析中哪個看法首先應該考慮的？ a. actor view b. data view c. essential view d. implementation view7. Which of the following is not a principle that should be followed when creating a sp

17、ecification?以下哪一項不是必須建立一個規(guī)范時，應遵循一個原則？（b） a. create a cognitive model rather than a design model b. make sure the specification dots every "i" and crosses every "t" c. Establish the context in which software operates d. separate functionality from implementation8. Which of the fol

18、lowing is not a guideline for representing requirements?（d） a. diagrams should be restricted in number and consistent in use b. representation format and content should be relevant to the content c. representations should be revisable d. use no more than 7 plus or minus 2 colors in any diagrams 1. T

19、he state transition diagram （d）狀態(tài)轉換圖 a. depicts relationships between data objects b. depicts functions that transform the data flow c. indicates how data are transformed by the system d. indicates system reactions to external events 用于顯示系統(tǒng)反應外部事件2. The data model consists of three pieces of interrel

20、ated information （d） a. attributes b. data objects c. relationships d. all of the above 3. The relationships shown in a data model must be classified to show their（c）在一個數(shù)據(jù)模型中顯示的關系必須被分類，以顯示他們的 a. Width and depth b. Directionality and reliability c. cardinality and modality 基數(shù)和方式 d. probability and ri

21、sk 4. For purposes of behavior modeling a state is any （c） 對于行為建模的目的，一個狀態(tài)是任何 a. consumer or producer of data. b. data object hierarchy. c. observable mode of behavior. 觀察到的行為模式 d. well defined process. 5. The data dictionary contains descriptions of each software（b） 數(shù)據(jù)字典包含了每個軟件的說明 a. configuration i

22、tem b. data object 數(shù)據(jù)對象 c. diagram d. notation 6. The data flow diagram must be augmented by descriptive text in order to describe the functional requirements for a software product. （T） 數(shù)據(jù)流圖必須通過描述性文本以描述為一個軟件產(chǎn)品的功能性要求進行擴充。1. Which of the following is not an area of concern in the design model? （d） 以下

23、哪一項不是在設計模式關注的一個區(qū)域？ a. architecture b. data c. interfaces d. project scope 項目范圍2. The importance of software design can be summarized in a single word （d）軟件設計的重要性，可以歸納為一個字 a. accuracy b. complexity c. efficiency d. quality 質量3. Which of these is a characteristic of a good design? （b） 哪一個良好的設計特點？ a. e

24、xhibits strong coupling between its modules b. implements all requirements in the analysis model 實現(xiàn)在分析模型中的所有規(guī)定 c. includes test cases for all components d. incorporates source code for descriptive purposes 5. The control hierarchy represents the （b）控制層次代表了 a. decision order b. organization of module

25、s 組織模塊 c. repetition of operations d. sequence of processes6. Software procedure focuses on the （c）軟件過程關注于 a. control hierarchy in a more abstract sense. b. processing details of each module individually. c. processing details of each the set of modules collectively. 每個處理的細節(jié)的模塊集合統(tǒng)稱 d. relationship b

26、etween control and procedure.7 To achieve high modularity of software components you need （C）為了達到你需要的軟件組件的高度模塊化 a. high coupling and high cohesion b. high coupling and low cohesion c. low coupling and high cohesion 低耦合和高聚合 d. low coupling and low cohesion8. Cohesion is a qualitative indication of th

27、e degree to which a module （b） 凝聚力是在何種程度上一個模塊的定性指示 a. can be written more compactly. b. focuses on just one thing. 專注于一件事 c. is able to complete its function in a timely manner. d. is connected to other modules and the outside world. 9. Coupling is a qualitative indication of the degree to which a m

28、odule （d）耦合是一個模塊在何種程度上定性指標 a. can be written more compactly. b. focuses on just one thing. c. is able to complete its function in a timely manner. d. is connected to other modules and the outside world. 連接到其他的模塊和外界1. In transaction mapping the first level factoring results in the（c） 在事務處理映射的第一層因子分解結

29、果在 a. creation of a CFD b. derivation of the control hierarchy c. distribution of worker modules 職工的模塊分布 d. refinement of the module view 2. A necessary supplement to transform or transaction mapping needed to create a complete architectural design is （c）一個必要的補充，改造或交易映射需要建立一個完整的體系結構設計 a. entity rela

30、tionship diagrams b. the data dictionary c. processing narratives for each module 每個模塊的處理敘述 d. test cases for each module 1. Which of the following interface design principles does not allow the user to remain in control of the interaction with a computer? （d）以下哪項界面設計原則不允許用戶保持與計算機的交互控制？ a. allow int

31、eraction to interruptible b. allow interaction to be undoable c. hide technical internals from casual users d. only provide one rigidly defined method for accomplishing a task 只為完成任務提供1個嚴格的定義方法2. Which of the following interface design principles reduce the user's memory load? （d）以下哪項界面設計原則減少用戶的

32、記憶負擔？ a. define intuitive shortcuts 定義直觀的快捷鍵 b. disclose information in a progressive以循序漸進的信息公開 c. establish meaningful defaults 建立有意義的默認值 d. all of the above 3. Interface consistency implies that （a）接口的一致性意味著 a. input mechanisms remain the same throughout the application 整個應用程序輸入的機制保持不變 b. each app

33、lication should have its own distinctive look and feel c. application methods are context sensitive d. answers a and b 4. the implementers of the system create a（c） a. design model b. user model c. system image 系統(tǒng)映像 d. system perception 5. The following common design issues surface for almost every

34、user interface: （b） 以下常見的設計問題的表面，幾乎每一個用戶界面： a. adaptive user profiles and functional shortcuts b. error handling and system response time 錯誤處理和系統(tǒng)響應時間 c. resolution of graphics displays and design of icons d. none of the above 1. Which of the following is not a fundamental structured programming cons

35、truct? （a）下列哪項不是一個根本性的結構化編程結構？ a. recursion(遞歸) b. condition c. repetition d. sequence 2. Which of these is a graphical notation for depicting procedural detail?（a） 哪一項是描繪程序細節(jié)的圖形表示法？ a. data flow diagram 數(shù)據(jù)流程圖 b. decision table c. ER diagram d. graph matrix3. In general, box diagrams and flowcharts

36、should （a） 一般來說，盒圖和流程圖應該是（） a. be used in place of programming design languages b. be used to document the entire design or not at all c. only be used to document or evaluate design in specific instances d. none of the above 4. A decision table should be used （d）應該使用決策表 a. to document all conditiona

37、l statements b. to guide the development of the project management plan c. only when building an expert system d. when a complex set of conditions and actions appears in a component 當一個復雜的條件和行動出現(xiàn)在一個組件5. A program design language (PDL) is often a （d） 程序設計語言（PDL）往往是一個 a. useful way to represent softwa

38、re architecture b. legitimate(合理的)programming language in its own right c. machine readable software development language d. combination of programming constructs and narrative text 程序結構與敘事文本的結合1. Which of these are objectives for software testing? （d）這些軟件測試的目標是什么？ a. determine the productivity of p

39、rogrammers b. eliminate the need for future program maintenance c. eliminate every error prior to release d. uncover software errors 發(fā)現(xiàn)軟件錯誤2. What types of errors are missed by black-box testing and can be uncovered by white-box testing?（b）黑盒測試中的錯誤是什么類型的，可以通過白盒測試來發(fā)現(xiàn)？ a. behavioral errors b. subtle l

40、ogic errors 微妙的邏輯錯誤 c. performance errors d. input error 3. The cyclomatic complexity metric provides the designer with information regarding the number of （c）圈復雜度度量提供設計師的一些信息 a. cycles in the program b. errors in the program c. independent logic paths in the program 程序中的獨立邏輯路徑 d. statements in the

41、program 4. Black-box testing attempts to find errors in which of the following categories（a） a. incorrect or missing functions b. interface errors c. performance errors d. all of the above 1. What is the normal order of activities in which software testing is organized?（a） 活動中，軟件測試組織的正常秩序是什么？ a. uni

42、t, integration, system, validation 單元，集成，系統(tǒng)，驗證 b. system, integration, unit, validation c. unit, integration, validation, system d. none of the above 2. Top-down integration testing has as it's major advantage that （b） a. low level modules never need testing b. major decision points are tested e

43、arly 主要的決策點是早試驗 c. no stubs need to be written d. none of the above 3. Bottom-up integration testing has as it's major advantage that （c）自下而上的整合測試，作為它的主要優(yōu)勢 a. major decision points are tested early b. no drivers need to be written c. no stubs need to be written d. regression testing is not requi

44、red 4. Which of the following is an approach to debugging? （d）以下哪一項是方法調(diào)試？ a. backtracking 回溯算法 b. brute force 暴力破解 c. cause elimination 消除原因 d. all of the above 1. The waterfall model of software development is also known as the ( a) 瀑布模型的軟件開發(fā)也被稱為 A. Classical life cycle model 古典生命周期模型 B. Fountain m

45、odel C. Spiral model D. Chaos model . 2. The incremental model of software development is ( B ) 增量的軟件開發(fā)模型是 A. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined. B. A good approach when a working core product is required quickly. 一種好方法，當一個工作核心產(chǎn)品時需要快速 C. The best approach to use for projects wi

46、th large development teams. D. A revolutionary model that is not used for commercial products. The process of establishing the services that the customer requires from a system and the constraints under which it operates and is developed.The requirements themselves are the descriptions of the system

47、 services and constraints that are Deliver software that meets the customers expectations.1. What is software? Instructions、data structures and documents.指令、數(shù)據(jù)結構和文檔Computer programs and associated documentation. 計算機程序和相關文檔。2. How do software characteristics differ from hardware characteristics?軟件特性如

48、何與硬件特性不同？Software is developed, not manufactured. 軟件開發(fā)，而不是制造。Most software is custom built.大多數(shù)軟件都是定制的。3. What do people mean by the expression "software crisis"?“軟件危機”表達的意思是什么意思？ Some problems encountered in the development and maintenance of computer software.在計算機軟件的開發(fā)和維護中遇到的一些問題。4. What

49、myths about software still exist ?軟件還存在什么誤區(qū)？management myths管理誤區(qū)customer myths 客戶誤區(qū)practitioner's myths 從業(yè)者的誤區(qū)1. What are the three generic phases of software engineering? 什么是軟件工程的三個通用階段?(1) Definition phase 定義階段(2) Development phase發(fā)展階段(3) Support phase支持階段2.What are the names of the five level

50、s of the SEI Capability Maturity Model? SEI 的能力成熟度模型的五個層次的名稱? Level 1- initial or ad hoc level初始或特設的水平 Level 2 - repeatable level可重復級 Level 3 - defined level級別定義 Level 4 - managed level管理水平 Level 5 -optimizing level優(yōu)化級別3. Describe the phases of the prototyping model for software development.描述原型模型的軟

51、件開發(fā)的階段 1.listen to customer聽聽客戶 2.build mock-up建立實體模型 3.customer test-drives mock-up客戶試車模擬4. Why are evolutionary models considered by many to be the best approach to software development?為什么進化模型被許多人認為是軟件開發(fā)的最佳方法？most importantly, reflects what really happens when complex systems are built.最重要的是，反映的是

52、真實發(fā)生的，復雜的系統(tǒng)建設1. What are the five phases of software requirements analysis? 什么是軟件需求分析的五個階段? Problem recognition問題識別 Evaluation and synthesis評價和合成 Modeling建模 Specification規(guī)格 Review審查1. What are three primary objectives of the analysis model?什么是三個主要目標的分析模型?to describe what the customer requires來描述客戶的要

53、求to establish a basis for the creation of a software design建立軟件設計創(chuàng)作的基礎to define a set of requirements that can be validated once the software is built定義一組一旦建立了該軟件，則可以進行驗證的要求2. What are the data modeling elements represented in the entity relationship diagram (ERD)?代表的實體關系圖 (ERD) 中的數(shù)據(jù)建模元素有哪些? Data ob

54、jects - any entity producing or consuming information數(shù)據(jù)對象-任何實體生產(chǎn)或消費信息 Attributes - data characteristics associated with a data object instance屬性-與一個數(shù)據(jù)對象實例相關聯(lián)的數(shù)據(jù)特性 Relationships - indicate manner in which data objects are connected關系的表示的方式中，數(shù)據(jù)連接對象2. List three characteristics that can serve as a guide to evaluate design quality. 列出可以作為指南設計質量評價的三個特點。The design must implement all of the explicit requirements contained in the analysis model 設計必須實現(xiàn)所