外研版選修八M5課時講義

1、外研版選修八M5課時講義課堂導(dǎo)入在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1He describes the moment _ “one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”答案：as2Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people _ (accustom) to the idea of space travel.答案：have become accustomed3All three astronau

2、ts made _ safely back to Earth.答案：it4The aim of this flight was _ (test) the new shuttle system.答案：to test5By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed _ (lose) its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.答案：to have lost6I can remember that day so cl

3、early, _ (watch) the takeoff on TV at school.答案：watching7It happened so quickly and everyone was in _ state of shock.答案：a8_ shocked the world was the fact _ Challenger crashed just minutes after takeoff.答案：What; that9There _ be life on other planetswe can't be the only living creatures in the wh

4、ole universe.答案：must10Little _ he know what impact he was going to make.答案：did知識講解1accustomedadj.習(xí)慣的；通常的；慣常的Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.(P58)自從1969年7月21日阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以來，人們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了太空旅行這個想法。(1)be ac

5、customed to (doing) sth.be used to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(狀態(tài))get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.get/become used to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(動作)(2)accustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己習(xí)慣(做)某事牛津雙解My eyes slowly grew accustomed to dark.我的眼睛慢慢適應(yīng)了黑暗。外研It took a while for me to accustom myse

6、lf to all the new rules and regulations.我過了一段時間才適應(yīng)所有新的規(guī)章制度。2019·天津高考I hope you can get used to them soon.我希望你很快就能適應(yīng)它們。2019·福建高考We've been accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things.我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了有一件事情就想做所有的事情。2patiencen. 耐心We didn't have much patience waiting for

7、the launch.(P59)我們迫不及待地等著發(fā)射了。(1)have (no) patience with sb./sth. 對某人/物(沒)有耐心lose patience with sb./sth. 對失去耐心(2)patient n. 病人adj.有耐心的be patient with sb./sth. 對有耐心(3)patiently adv. 耐心地impatient adj. 無耐心的牛津雙解She has_little_patience_with such views.她很難接受這類觀點。外研He wait patiently for Katherine to speak.他

8、耐心地等凱瑟琳開口說話。2019·廣東高考His father was_not_patient_with him.他的父親對他不耐心。2019·遼寧高考改編Be patient! The harder you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.耐心！你越用力擊對手，你就越有可能被擊中。3accusev. 指責(zé)；控告He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to av

9、enge his loss.(P67)他指責(zé)達(dá)斯·韋德殺死了自己的父親，因此把自己訓(xùn)練成為一名杰迪武士并發(fā)誓要為自己的損失報仇。(1)accuse sb. ofcharge sb. with 指責(zé)/控告某人accuse sb. for sth. 為某事指責(zé)某人be accused as. 被指控為(2)the accused被告(3)accusation n. 控告，告發(fā)；指控牛津雙解He was_charged_with murder.他被指控犯有謀殺罪。She accused him of lying.她指責(zé)他說謊。No one believed her wild accusat

10、ions against her husband.沒有人相信她對她丈夫的無端指責(zé)。外研The professor stands accused of stealing his student's idea and publishing them.那位教授被指控剽竊學(xué)生的觀點拿去發(fā)表。過關(guān)演練在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式12019·課標(biāo)全國卷Visit the palace and its various _ (history) gardens, which include the famous maze (迷宮) where it is easy

11、to get lost!答案：historic22019·課標(biāo)全國卷_ (depend) on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.答案：Depending32019·課標(biāo)全國卷As a parent, I hated seeing my daughter playing her best, but still _ (defeat)答案：defeated42019·安徽高考Such is thei

12、r _ (devote) to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.答案：devotion52019·陜西高考Such a person may be forgiven if he is late, but not those who are _ (deliberate) late to create impression.答案：deliberately62019&

13、#183;課標(biāo)全國卷When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst _ tears.答案：into72019·廣東高考She _ (patience) explained all the rules to the students and require everyone to follow them.答案：patiently82019·陜西高考To work out the difficult maths problem

14、, I _ (consult) Professor Russell several times.答案：have consulted9Somehow, I couldn't get _ (accustom) to the school life here.答案：accustomed10Spending a year working in the city helped to _ (broad) his horizons.答案：broaden1in spite of盡管，不管In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is stil

15、l only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.(P59)盡管我們有先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，但是我們?nèi)匀惶幵谔仗剿鞯淖畛蹼A段。特別提示though和although為連詞，其后接從句，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；in spite of和despite是介詞，后不能跟從句。牛津雙解In_spite_of his age, he still leads an active life.盡管年事已高，他依舊過著一種忙碌的生活。外研She went to Spain despite the fact that her doctor had told her to

16、rest.盡管醫(yī)生叫她休息，她還是去了西班牙。2019·浙江高考Although/Though I was only a child when I studied in the classroom, I will never forget it.雖然我在教室學(xué)習(xí)的時候只是個孩子，但我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。2019·山東高考In_spite_of/Despite his great wealth, Getty was a miser.盡管他很富有，但Getty還是個吝嗇鬼。過關(guān)演練選詞填空in spite of； a series of； be similar to； set out

17、； pray for； at the very beginning of； accuse sb. of.； devote.to.12019·陜西高考_ all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits.答案：In spite of2The sports meet is on Saturday, so we're _ a fine day.答案：praying for3I don't want to set

18、down _ facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend.答案：a series of4They _ him _ stealing a car.答案：accused; of5He _ his brother in appearance, but they have nothing in common.答案： is similar to6We're going to Japan _July.答案：at the very beginning of72019·陜西高

19、考You will be anxious if you _ for a dinner late.答案：set out8The president _ most of his time _ peace.答案：devotes; to1Incredible_as_it_may_seem,_both the observations ofscience and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption.(P69)盡管看起來不可思議，但科學(xué)觀測以及我們的肉眼看到的證據(jù)都必然會讓我們作出一個設(shè)想該句中的讓步狀語從句采用的是倒裝結(jié)

20、構(gòu)，原句Although/Though it may seem incredible.(1)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時應(yīng)用部分倒裝，將從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首；若表語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前置時要省略不定冠詞。(2)though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句也可以像as引導(dǎo)的從句一樣用倒裝語序，也可用正常語序，但是although引導(dǎo)的從句只能用正常語序。牛津雙解Happy as they were, there was something missing.雖然他們很快樂，但總?cè)鄙冱c什么。Try as he might, he couldn't open the door.他想盡了辦法也沒能打開

21、門。外研Strange though it may seem, I like housework.說來也許奇怪，但我喜歡做家務(wù)。2019·湖北高考改編Poor_newsboy though he was just, he had been taught some good things.雖然他只是個貧窮的報童，但他也受過良好的教育。2019·江蘇高考Lessons can be learned to face the future, though/although history cannot be changed.盡管歷史不可能被改變，但是我們可以吸取教訓(xùn)迎接未來。201

22、9·天津高考改編Small as/though the company is, it has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.雖然這家公司很小，但它在三十多個國家有大約一千家買家。過關(guān)演練.在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式12019·重慶模擬Absurd _ it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.答案：as/though2_ advertisement are of great help,

23、 I don't think we should entirely rely on them.答案：While/Though/Although32019·福建高考Though badly hurt and _ (shake), the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.答案：shaken.把下面的句子變成倒裝句2019·湖北高考Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I

24、doubted it._答案：A little strange as/though the answer seemed, nobody but I doubted it.GrammarReview of noun clauses名詞性從句定義和類別名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞，可作主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句必須使用陳述語序，即“主語謂語”的語序。Could you tell me where he lives?My worry is whether they will arrive on time.名詞性從句主要有四種從

25、句結(jié)構(gòu)以that引導(dǎo)的從句；以whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句；以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句；以what或wh­ever等詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性關(guān)系從句。此外as if/as though, because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句。I have no idea where he comes from.I doubt whether/if the meeting will be given.It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing.名詞性從句要注意的問題主語從句that 從句作主語時，常用it作形式主語，放在句首；但that從句作主語位于句首時，that

26、是不能省略的。常見句型：It beadjthat從句Itbe名詞詞組that從句Itbedonethat從句that從句不能作介詞賓語，除in, except外；第一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可省，但第二個以后的that就不能省。He is a good student except that he is a little careless.if與whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別if與whether引導(dǎo)的從句都可作動詞賓語，但if 不能作介詞賓語；if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，但可用在it作形式主語的句型中；if后不能與or not和不定式連用。It depends on whe

27、ther you can do the work well.that引導(dǎo)同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)同位語從句(包括其他名詞性從句)時，有無意義、無成分的“雙無”特點，多數(shù)情況下不能省略；而that引導(dǎo)定語從句時有作成分、有意義的“雙有”特點，在定語從句中作賓語時可省略。The news that our football won the match was encouraging. (同位語從句)The news that/which/(省略) he told me was encouraging. (定語從句)同位語從句構(gòu)成： 先行詞連詞(that/what/who/whethe

28、r/when等)先行詞通常是這樣的名詞：fact, idea, news, information, order, belief, advice, answer, thought.后面的同位語從句具體解釋說明這些名詞的含義。He gave us many suggestions that we (should) get up early and take more exercise.過關(guān)演練在括號內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~(每空1詞)并說出該詞引導(dǎo)的什么從句12019·北京高考I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.答案：that；引導(dǎo)賓語從句220

29、19·安徽高考A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not_ ships are built for.答案：what; 引導(dǎo)表語從句32019·北京高考_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.答案：How; 引導(dǎo)主語從句42019·重慶高考Is it true that Mike refused an offer from YaleUniversity yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea _he didit; th

30、at's one of his favorite universities.答案：why; 引導(dǎo)同位語從句52019·重慶高考We'll reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.答案：that/which; 引導(dǎo)定語從句家庭作業(yè)單元綜合測評(五).閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)AThe year is 2094.It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth.

31、Most of it will miss our planet，but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.On 17 July，a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a massive explosion.About half of the piece is destroyed，but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the spee

32、d of sound.The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed.Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole.The wall of water，a kilometer high，rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.Be

33、fore the waves reach South America，the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina.Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains.The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean.The cities of Los Angeles，San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by e

34、arthquakes.Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead，but the north won't escape for long.Because of the explosions，the sun is hidden by clouds of dust，temperatures around the world fall to almost zero.Crops are ruined.The sun won't be seen again for many years.War

35、s break out as countries fight for food.A year later，no more than 10 million people remain alive.Could it really happen？In fact，it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth.The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years.Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disapp

36、eared.Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space.The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out.Will we meet the same end?1What is described in the passage?AA historic discovery.BA research on space.CA scientific adventure.D

37、An event of imagination.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文首句和最后一句結(jié)合短文內(nèi)容可知，本文講述的是一個想象出來的事件。故選D項?！敬鸢浮緿2When the first piece hits the South Atlantic，it causes _.Ahuge wavesBa hurricaneCan earthquakeDan Earth explosion【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二、三、四句可知，當(dāng)?shù)谝粔K碎片撞擊南大西洋時，海水會沸騰，并引起巨大的海浪，故A項符合題意?！敬鸢浮緼3Why can't the northern half of the

38、Earth escape for long?ABecause the land is covered with water.BBecause wars break out among countries.CBecause people there can not live at the temperature of zero.DBecause the light and heat from the sun can not reach the Earth.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后幾句可知，由于太陽被遮住，地球溫度過低，農(nóng)作物被毀，北半球也堅持不了多長時間。故選D項。【答案】D4By g

39、iving the example of dinosaurs，the author tries to prove _.A. the human beings will die out in 2094Banimals could not live in the cold climateCthe Earth could be hit by other objects in spaceDwhat happened 65 million years ago was an invented story【解析】推理判斷題。由最后一段倒數(shù)第三句可知，地球有被太空中其他物體撞擊的可能。故選D項?！敬鸢浮緾BE

40、dmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago.He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such prob

41、lems.However，Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton，who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out the problem，but he could not find the paper on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (橢圓形)Now Halley set to work.He figur

42、ed out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by other scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607 and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley.Three different

43、 comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it，the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley fel

44、t certain enough to make a prediction of what would happen in the future.He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it，for he had died some years before.Eve

45、r since then that comet has been called Halley's comet，in his honour.5Halley made his discovery _.Aby figuring out the orbit of one cometBthrough his own careful observationCby using the work of other scientistsDby finding Isaac Newton's paper【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可看出，哈雷的發(fā)現(xiàn)是在研究其他科學(xué)家的觀察成果的基礎(chǔ)上得出的。

46、故選C項。【答案】C6Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year _.A1704B1705C1706D1707【解析】數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句可確定哈雷認(rèn)為這顆彗星下次出現(xiàn)的時間是1758年，然后根據(jù)下一句確定這顆彗星是在1758年前的53年出現(xiàn)的，再用1758減去53年就可以得出正確答案為1705年。故選B項?！敬鸢浮緽7Which of the following is TRUE?AEdmund Halley is an American scientist.BHalley made his predict

47、ion by doing experiments.CIsaac Newton is an excellent mathematician.DThe orbit of a comet has the shape of a circle.【解析】正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，牛頓是一位出色的數(shù)學(xué)家，故C項正確。根據(jù)文章首句可知，哈雷是一位英國科學(xué)家，故A項錯誤；根據(jù)第三、四段以及第五段第一句可知，哈雷的預(yù)言是在自己的計算和推理之后得出的，故B項錯誤；根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，哈雷彗星的軌道是橢圓形的，所以排除D項?！敬鸢浮緾8This passage in general is about _.

48、AHalley and other scientistsBthe orbit of a cometCNewton and HalleyDHalley and Halley's comet【解析】主旨大意題。文章自始至終都在介紹哈雷及他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。另外也可以從文章的首句和尾句看出本文的主旨大意。故選D項。【答案】DCParties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did.This is not due to a lack of desire to socialize, but the smart

49、phone.At parties, more people are on their smartphones than on their drinks.According to a recent International Data Corporation study, well over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach for it the moment they wake up, keeping it in hand all day.In addition, too many people in society are u

50、sing smartphones while driving and as a result, they get into car crashes.34 percent of teenagers admit to texting while driving, and they confirm that text messaging is their number one driving interruption.People's attachment to their smartphones is unbelievably becoming more important than th

51、e lives of themselves and others.Just as drivers dismiss the importance of focusing while on the road, many people also fail to recognize the significance of human interaction.When with their friends, some people pointlessly check or send text messages in the presence of a friend, which sends a mess

52、age to that friend：the person I am texting is more important than you.In addition, relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world.Face­to­face conversations will give us much stronger communication skil

53、ls in the long run.As many people risk their lives and the lives of people around them just to send a text or mindlessly check their messages, smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people.The quality of this technology is hindering societal achievements and weakening the value of communicat

54、ion.Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact (交流) face­to­face，but it is also lowering society's ability to communicate.【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。講述了人們在參加聚會、開車的時候，也在用手機(jī)發(fā)短信，這極大地影響了人與人之間的交流，甚至導(dǎo)致事故的發(fā)生。9The purpose of this text is to_.Acall for an end to use the smartphone while dri

55、vingBappeal to us to pay attention to communication skillsCexpress a concern about the overuse of the smartphoneDadvise us to be cautious about the addiction to the smartphone【解析】主旨大意題。全文通過描述人們在社交或開車的時候埋頭玩智能手機(jī)的現(xiàn)象，指出了這一現(xiàn)象背后值得思考的話題：智能手機(jī)的過度使用已影響到了人們的日常生活和交流。作者對此表示擔(dān)憂，因此選C。【答案】C10The second paragraph is

56、developed by_.Agiving examples Blisting figuresCcomparing factsDanalyzing the effects【解析】寫作手法題。第二段講述了人們使用智能手機(jī)的情況，比如聚會上、開車時，并提到了開車時使用手機(jī)發(fā)短信的青少年的比重，因此該段是通過舉例子來闡述其觀點的?！敬鸢浮緼11The author advocates us to make new friends _.Aby using smartphonesBin a face­to­face wayCin different waysDunder a free

57、 circumstance【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句話“In addition，relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world.Face­to­face conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run.”可知，作者提倡面對面交朋友，而不是通過手機(jī)，因