動詞時態(tài)教學(xué)材料

1、 動詞時態(tài)英語中不同時間和方式發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)要用謂語動詞的不同形式來表示，這種表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時間和方式的動詞形式稱作動詞時態(tài)。時間主要有四個主要部分，即現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來。動作方面也有四種，即一般、完成、進行和完成進行。把這些時間和動作方面結(jié)合在一起就構(gòu)成16種動詞時態(tài)，具體表述如下：1、一般現(xiàn)在時（do, does, be)；2、一般過去時(did, was /were)；3、一般將來時( will do)；4、一般過去將來時( would do)；5、現(xiàn)在進行時( be doing)；6、過去進行時(was/were doing) 7、將來進行時( will be

2、doing)；8、過去將來進行時( would be doing)；9、現(xiàn)在完成時(have done)；10、過去完成時( had done)；11、將來完成時( will have done)；12、過去將來完成時(would have done)；13、現(xiàn)在完成進行時( have been doing)；14、過去完成進行時( had been doing)；15、將來完成進行時( will have been doing)；16、過去將來完成進行時(would have been doing)動詞時態(tài)（一）1.一般現(xiàn)在時1)一般現(xiàn)在時表示真理或事實：The earth moves ro

3、und the sun in 365 days.地球一年三百六十五天都圍繞太陽公轉(zhuǎn)。2)一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)：Every evening, after supper, he sits down with a cup of coffee before the television.每天晚上在吃完晚飯之后，他都會端著杯咖啡坐在那里看電視。Their house is not like ours.他們的房子和我們的不一樣。 3)一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或時間表將要發(fā)生的情況When does the train leave?火車什么時候開？2.一般過去時*一般過去時的

4、基本用法：1)表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。When and where did you shoot that bear?你是何時何地射殺那頭熊的？   2)表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作、過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的事。In those days he took his wife and children to the cinema at least once a week.在那些日子里，他至少每周一次領(lǐng)著妻子和孩子去看電影。3)使用一般過去時的其它情況：1)過去時的句子通常帶有表示一個過去的特定時間或地點狀語。常與一般過去時連用的副詞有：yesterday, last

5、year, last night, the other day, just now, then, ago, in 1989, at that time等。   2)句中沒有時間狀語時，可依據(jù)上下文進行推測。Havent you graduated from college?Yes, I studied French for two years.你還沒有大學(xué)畢業(yè)么？畢業(yè)了，我學(xué)了兩年法語。3.現(xiàn)在進行時1)表示說話時正在進行的動作：Tom, Im speaking to you. Are you listening?湯姆，我正在和你講話呢。你正在聽嗎？ 2)表示目前

6、這個階段正在進行著的動作：The population of the world is increasing rapidly.世界人口正在飛速增長。 3)表示說話人的某些感情色彩，常與always，constantly等連用：She is always leaving things about.她總是把東西到處亂丟亂放。 4)表示近期即將發(fā)生的動作：They are leaving for Tibet next Monday.他們下周一去西藏。4.過去進行時1)表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作：She was flying to Paris this time last Mo

7、nday.上周一的這個時候，她正坐飛機飛往巴黎。 2)表示過去某個動作正在進行時，另一個動作（突然）發(fā)生：We were playing football when it began to rain.當(dāng)我們正在踢球的時候，突然下起了雨。5.現(xiàn)在完成時1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀況或完成的動作。It has rained every day so far this month.這個月到目前為止每天都在下雨。 2)現(xiàn)在完成時表示已有的經(jīng)歷，往往強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響：Who has taken my camera? I put it here a momen

8、t ago.誰拿了我的照相機？我剛放在這里的。 3)在時間、條件狀語從句中代替將來完成時：Dont go out until you have washed your clothes.洗完衣服你才能出去。Please give the book to Lily if you have finished reading it.看完書之后，把它給麗麗。 4)通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的詞語：yet, already, by this time, just, ever, never, now, before,  several times, since, up to now,

9、 so far, recently, lately, for a long time。 動詞時態(tài)（二）1過去完成時過去完成時表示在過去某一活動以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。簡單地說，過去完成時所表示的時間就是“過去的過去”。常與for, since, already, after, never, before, by the time等連用。如：The performance had started before we found our seats.在我們找到座位前演出就已經(jīng)開始了。She had typed all the letters by the time her boss arrived

10、at the office.在老板到達(dá)辦公室的時候她已經(jīng)打好了所有的信件。過去完成時還可以表示動作或某事繼續(xù)到過去某時已有一段時間：He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.他病了好幾天后才去醫(yī)院。It rained at last after it had been dry for several months.連續(xù)干旱幾個月后，終于下雨了。By the end of last year, she had taught in this school for 30 years.截至到去年年底，她已經(jīng)在這個學(xué)校執(zhí)教了3

11、0年。過去完成時也可表示過去未實現(xiàn)的希望或計劃，用過去完成時。常用的動詞有：hope, expect, suppose, mean, think, want等。如：She had thought of paying us a visit, but the bad weather made her change her plans.她本想來拜訪我們，但由于天氣惡劣使她改變了計劃。2.一般將來時一般將來時可以由以下方式構(gòu)成：表示單純將來，第一人稱用shall，第二、三人稱用will。I shall be 18 years old next month.下個月我就整18歲了。There will b

12、e a new movie shown at the Globe Cinema tonight.今晚環(huán)球影院將上映一部新電影。注：如果不是表示將來的時間，而是表示“意愿、堅持、推論”等，will也可用于條件句。例如：  If you will learn English , Ill help you .你若愿意學(xué)習(xí)英語，我將幫助你。   If you will kindly wait a moment , Ill ask him to go there with you .你若耐心等一會的話，我將叫他和你一起去那兒。 如果條件從句表示

13、將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，主句中常用will，而條件從句中則用一般現(xiàn)在時表示。如：   If you go to England , you will like the food there .如果你去英國的話，你將會喜歡那兒的食物。be going to do表示現(xiàn)在計劃好將來要做的事或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的事。Im going to stay here until tomorrow night.明晚之前我都在這里。Look at these black clouds . Its going to rain . 看這些烏云。天快要下雨了。 2)Im afraid

14、Im going to have a bad cold .恐怕我要得重感冒。注：一般來說，“意圖”是事先經(jīng)過考慮的，用be going to表示；反之則用will。will還多用于對話中，即一方聽了對方的話后所作出的反應(yīng)。例如：     Please bring me a cup of tea . 請給我端杯茶來。 Ill do it in a minute . 我馬上就去（端）。1)be動詞和come, leave, reach, return, go, start out, meet, open, die, arrive等表示“來

15、去”“出發(fā)”“到達(dá)”等的詞語和表示未來的時間副詞連用，表示近期將發(fā)生的動作。When will they leave? 他們什么時候離開？They are leaving very soon.馬上。Aunt Lucy is returning home from New Zealand next week.露西阿姨下周將從新西蘭回來。2)be about to表示很近的將來，“就要”“即將”。The plane is about to take off when the police received a phone call, saying that a bomb might have be

16、en planted on it.飛機就要起飛的時候警方接到電話，說飛機上可能被人安放了炸彈。3)be to do表示預(yù)先的計劃    這種結(jié)構(gòu)著重指按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生某事。常表示“職責(zé)、意圖、約定、可能性”等。例如： You are to be back by 11 oclock . 你必須11點回來。 We are to meet at the zoo . 我們約定在動物園見面。  The football match is not to be played today .  今天不能舉行足球比賽了。Is h

17、e studying for an examination?他是在為考試而復(fù)習(xí)嗎？Yes, hes to take it next week.是，他下周有個考試。4)一般現(xiàn)在時可表示按時刻表或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。The time form Liverpool arrives at 11: 15.從利物浦開往這里的火車將在11點15分到站。3.過去將來時過去將來時表示過去某個時候?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事或計劃、打算要做的事：He told me that his father was in hospital and that he would go to see him after work.他告訴我他將在

18、下班后去看望住院的父親。They explained that they would build a dam to control flood.他們解釋說要建一座水壩來控制洪水。4.現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去某時起持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。與現(xiàn)在完成時相比，更強調(diào)動作的進行，或?qū)⒊掷m(xù)下去。常與the whole day, all morning等或for和since引出的短語連用：The soldiers have been struggling against the flood day and night for a week.戰(zhàn)士們?nèi)找岳^夜地和洪水抗戰(zhàn)已經(jīng)一個星期了。5.過去完成進行時表示從過去某

19、時起持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作，可能剛剛終止，也可能繼續(xù)下去。與現(xiàn)在完成進行時用法相似，只是以過去時間為著眼點。He had been working there for three years before he moved to London.                             

20、60;                  在他搬到倫敦之前他在那里工作了三年。練習(xí)（一）1. Bob must be very wealthy.Yes, he _ more in one day than I do in a week.A. has earned B. had earned    C. earns D. is earning2. The plane for Glasgow _ at

21、 10:05 on Tuesday morning.A. is leaving B. has left   C. leaves D. was leaving3. Justin _ rock music to classical.A. preferred B. was preferring C. has preferred D. is preferring4. That dinner was the most expensive meal we _.A. would have B. have had    C. have never had D.

22、 had ever had5. I _ all day today and I _ rather tired now.A. have worked; am B. worked; am C. have worked; have been D. worked; was6. I _ to Las Vegas before you _ back next week.A. am going; come B. shall go; come C. am going; will come D. shall go; will come7. He _ in Italy when he _ the accident

23、.A. traveled; had B. was travelling; had  C. traveled; was having D. has traveled; has8. Susan _ to her grandmothers village for her summer holidays when she _ young.A. used to go; was B. went; used to be  C. has gone; is D. used to go; was9. Did you wait for him very long? Yes, I _ to bed

24、 until five in the morning.A. did go B. didnt go    C. had gone D. went10. He ran out crying as soon as I _ him the bad news.A. told B. tell   C. have told   D. had told11. Ten years have passed since we last _ in London.A. meet B. have met    C. met . ha

25、d met12. Havent you graduated from college? Yes, _.A. I study French for two years   B. I studied French for two yearsC. I am studying French for two years  D. I have studied French for two years13. We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A. was happenin

26、g B. to happen   C. has happened D. had happened14. She _ the baby to see if hes got a temperature.A. feels B. is feeling      C. has felt D. felt15. Why _ the milk? Has it gone off?A. are you smelling B. do you smell  C. did you smell D. have you smelled練習(xí)：(二

27、)1._ my brother several times today but his line was always busy.A.Id phone B.Ive phoned C.I was phoning D.Ive been phoning2._ that dress when I first saw you at the airport?A.Have you worn B.Were you wearing C.Did you wear D.Do you wear3.Standing in front of him was a man that she _ before.A.never

28、saw B.has never seen C.never sees D.had never seen4.All the color TV sets _ out before we arrived.A.are sold B.have been sold C.will be sold D.had been sold5.Why dont you put the milk in the fridge? It _ fresh for a while.A.will be staying B.will stay  C.stays D.has stayed6.I _ you not to move

29、my dictionarynow I cant find it!A.asked B.was asking C.ask D.had asked7.According to the art dealer, the paining _ to go for at least a million dollars.A.is expecting B.expects  C.expecte   D.is expected8.At this time tomorrow _ over the Pacific Ocean.A.were going to fly B.well be fly

30、ing C.were to fly D.well fly9.In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A.would survive B.will survive C.are surviving D.are to survive10.A new hospital _ in the village.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built11.The poli

31、ce _ for the thief everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.searched B.have searched C.were searching D.are searching12.Tom _ football with other boys when he should have been doing his homework.That is      why his mother scolded him.A.played B.was playing C.had been playing D.had played13.Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.are requesting C.requested D.are requested14.What time _ the next train _ for London?