建筑設(shè)計(jì)中英文對(duì)照

1、房屋各部分Partsofhouse屋面roof屋脊ridge坡屋頂pitchedroof單坡屋頂pentroof,lean-toroof人字屋頂gableroof四坡頂hippedroof屋面排水溝valley卷材防水屋面membraneroof找平層screed-coat防水層damp-proofcourse泛水flashing屋頂層garret閣樓penthouse,loft,attic天臺(tái)roof-deck曬臺(tái)dryingstage組合煙囪chimneystack屋檐eave屋面排水roofingdrainage檐溝，明溝gutter水落管down-pipe,downspout雨棚can

2、opy,awning柱廊colonnade走廊corridor中庭atrium山墻gable女兒墻parapet山花pediment隅石砌quoins陽臺(tái)balcony,veranda陽臺(tái)欄桿balustrade陽臺(tái)欄桿柱baluster,banister平臺(tái)terrace臺(tái)階steps梯子ladder梯級(jí)step樓梯staircase(=step)樓梯踏步平板tread樓梯踏步豎板riser樓梯休息平臺(tái)landing直角轉(zhuǎn)彎平臺(tái)quarter-spacelanding梯寬runofstair梯高riseofstair樓梯扶手rail,railing回轉(zhuǎn)梯corkscrewstaircase,

3、caracole踏步突沿nosing窗子window百葉窗blinds,louvers旋轉(zhuǎn)窗balancewindow平開窗，窗葉casement窗扇sash中旋窗awningwindow上下推拉窗double-hungwindow屋頂通氣窗clerestory門窗亮子transom窗框windowframe窗臺(tái)sill,cill采光頂sunroof天窗sunlight老虎窗dormer-window通風(fēng)窗ventlight落地窗Frenchwindow墻壁wall承重墻bearingwall隔間partition空心墻cavitywall防火隔斷（分區(qū)）compartmentation剪力墻

4、shearpanel墻裙wainscot窗間墻pier幕墻curtainwall電梯elevator,lift自動(dòng)扶梯escalator地板，樓面floor夾層樓面entresol,mezzanine樓座balcony樓板slab天花板ceiling壁爐andiron,fireplace,grate地下室basement防火fire-cut防火firedoor耐熱涂料heat-resistingpaints絕熱heatinsulation門檻head-rail,sill柱子column,post,pillar柱頭columncap,head斜撐kneebrace懸索catenary梁beam基

5、礎(chǔ)梁gradebeam鋼板梁plategirder工字梁I-beam過梁lintel,lintol,head椽子purlin基礎(chǔ)foundation碎石墊層hardcore混凝土地基concretefoundation基座、柱礎(chǔ)pedestal獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)isolatedfooting放大基礎(chǔ)spreadingfooting條形基礎(chǔ)stripfooting筏式基礎(chǔ)matfoundation浮筏基礎(chǔ)floatingfoundation沉箱基礎(chǔ)caisson化糞池cesspool,septictank伸縮縫expansionjoint冷橋thermalbridge散水wash,apron披水板weat

6、hering-board桁架truss組合桁架compositetruss框架framework模板formwork拱券arch穹頂dome平拱flatarch筒拱vault,vaultedroof半圓穹頂concha瓦shingle,tile醇brick瓷磚ceramictile玻璃醇glassblocks大理石marble花崗巖granite水磨石terrazzo砌塊masonry混凝土concrete預(yù)制混凝土pre-castconcrete鋼筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete鋼筋steelreinforcement水泥cement抹灰,灰泥plaster,stucco熟石灰h

7、ydrateoflime,slaked-lime砂漿mortar抹灰層floatedcoat飾面finish木磚grounds,timberbrick石膏gypsum石膏板plasterslab夾膠玻璃plyglass膠合板plywood,clip-board腳手架scaffolding懸臂cantilever疊澀,牛腿corbel遮陽sunshading制圖與構(gòu)圖用語草圖sketch,draft圖紙drawing施工圖workingdrawings工程project方案plan總圖grid總平面site平面floor立面elevation正立面facade剖面section詳圖detail廳

8、上部upperfoyer比例尺scale=透視圖，表現(xiàn)圖rendering透視perspective軸測(cè)isometricperspectiveAxonometricprojection軸線axis建筑面積floorarea,architecturearea相對(duì)標(biāo)高relativeelevation/level層高，凈空headroom,headway室內(nèi)interior室外exterior室內(nèi)裝修interiordecoration裝飾ornament廣場(chǎng)square,plaza,publicsquare流線circulation解構(gòu)deconstruction空間space,spatial

9、比例proportionunity均衡balance協(xié)調(diào)harmony尺度scale韻律rhythm風(fēng)格style功能function關(guān)系relationship房屋House高層建筑high-risebuilding社區(qū)housingcomplex家舍house茅舍cottage平房one-storyhouse,bungalow,plain-house二樓two-storyhouse公寓（建筑）apartmenthouse公寓（房間）apartment（flat）（英）別墅villa花園洋房gardenhouse寄宿舍dormitory（美）供膳出租房間boardandlodging出租房間

10、roomforrent（美）鄉(xiāng)村旅舍countryinn供膳寄宿舍boardinghouse大廈mansions,edifice大樓building預(yù)制裝配式房屋pre-fabricatehouse小木屋shack一個(gè)單元oneunit車庫garage報(bào)告廳auditorium,lecturehall多功能廳multi-usehall閱覽室browsingroom,readingroom茶室refreshmentroom操作間cab,utilityroom居住Dwelling套房suit主人套房mastersuit門廳，前廳lobby大廳hall,mainhall過廳gallery起居間liv

11、ingRM,familyRM聚會(huì)廳gatheringRM,keepingRM休息廳lounge,sittingRM客廳parlor衣帽間cloakroom更衣、衣櫥間walk-in-closet,W.I.C.廚房kitchen餐廳dinningroom早餐廳nook,breakfastroom食品、餐具間pantry,butlery浴室，洗手間bathroom盥洗室toiletroom衛(wèi)生間watercloset,W.C.前室，門廳foyer寢室，臥房bedroom主人房masterbedroom書齋，書房study,library工作室，畫室studio私室，書齋den化妝室boudoir,dressingRM,powderRM嬰兒室nursery客房guestroom壁廚closet,ambry洗衣間laundryroom地窖cellar儲(chǔ)藏室storage健身房exerciseRM服務(wù)入口serviceentry換鞋處mudroom游藝室gamesroom活動(dòng)室activitiesroom音樂室musicalcove工人房maidbedroom臺(tái)球室billiardsroom溫室greenhouse家具Furniture方桌squaretable圓桌roundtable長方桌rectangletable伸縮