《初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》ppt課件

1、中考語(yǔ)法精講 The object clause賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定義：復(fù)合句中，放在動(dòng)詞或定義：復(fù)合句中，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后充任賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓介詞后充任賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)從句。 1.Could you please tell me if David Smith comes?2.Could you please tell me whether Jane comes or not?3.Could you please tell me who will bring food?4.Could you please tell me what we need to buy?5.Could you pl

2、ease tell me when the party starts?6.Could you please tell me where the party is?7.Could you please tell me how we can get there?8.Could you please tell me which bus we should take?Lets go to the party together, lets have a good time.賓語(yǔ)從句三要素：賓語(yǔ)從句三要素： 一、引導(dǎo)詞一、引導(dǎo)詞 二、語(yǔ)序二、語(yǔ)序 三三 、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài) 四、四、if,when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀

3、語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別區(qū)別 五、賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句五、賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句 六、否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移六、否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：一、引導(dǎo)詞一、引導(dǎo)詞看從句看從句從句是陳說(shuō)句從句是陳說(shuō)句 (口語(yǔ)中常省略口語(yǔ)中常省略從句是普通疑問(wèn)句從句是普通疑問(wèn)句從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句We know thatwe should learn from each other.Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. that if/whether能否 wh/how(即特殊疑問(wèn)詞)

4、Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?引導(dǎo)詞是從句的一個(gè)成份，所以用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)詞是從句的一個(gè)成份，所以用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo) 詞，看從句成份能詞，看從句成份能否完好，不完好，一定是特殊疑問(wèn)句。完好，判別主句語(yǔ)氣，否完好，不完好，一定是特殊疑問(wèn)句。完好，判別主句語(yǔ)氣，是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣，用是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣，用if/whether; 是一定語(yǔ)氣，用是一定語(yǔ)氣，用that.If/whether能否的區(qū)別能否的區(qū)別 普通情況下，普通情況下，if 和和whether可以互換，但以可以互換，但以下下4種情況只能用種情況只能用whether： 在不定式前：在不定式前：Wh

5、ether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介詞前：在介詞前：It depends on(依托依托) whether it is going to rain. 與與or not連用：連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 做主語(yǔ)從句：做主語(yǔ)從句：Whether he is right isnt important. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句, 當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)與當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)是一致從句主語(yǔ)是一致, 可簡(jiǎn)化成可簡(jiǎn)化成: 特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞+to

6、do.Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？Can you tell me how to get to the nearest post office？1.填寫適宜的引導(dǎo)詞填寫適宜的引導(dǎo)詞 1 Can you tell me_you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 3 I hardly understand.

7、 _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C wh

8、y D how 7. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 8. He asked his friend _ to go there or not. A. if B whether C. what D. that CCABBAAB2：用：用that, if/whether, how,where,what,.等銜接詞填等銜接詞填空空. 1.I hear_ they will visit our school next week.2.Do you know_ the girl is?3.Could you t

9、ell me _I can get to the park?4.We thought _you had never been there before .5.Please tell me_ you live.6.Mother asked me _ I had finished my homework.thatwhohowthatwhereif/whether7.Do you know_ she is angry?8.The teacher asked_ your name was. 9.Tom is ten.I want to know _ you are.10.He asked you_ y

10、ou were a student or not.whywhathow oldwhether二、語(yǔ)序二、語(yǔ)序 Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if he works hard.或或I wonder whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.陳說(shuō)句語(yǔ)序陳說(shuō)句語(yǔ)序即：連詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即：連詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞陳說(shuō)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳陳說(shuō)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序。如：說(shuō)語(yǔ)序。如：He is an honest boy. Th

11、e teacher said.The teacher saidthathe was an honest boy.普通疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序普通疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愓f(shuō)語(yǔ)序。如：變?yōu)殛愓f(shuō)語(yǔ)序。如：Whats the matter?(怎樣了怎樣了?)等等,在作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),語(yǔ)序不變語(yǔ)序不變.如如: Could you tell me whats the matter? 可以通知我怎樣了嗎可以通知我怎樣了嗎?3. 以下賓語(yǔ)叢句的語(yǔ)序能否正確。以下賓語(yǔ)叢句的語(yǔ)序能否正確。I think that he will come to China next yea

12、r.I want to know if he was at home yesterday.Can you tell me where does your mother work?Do you know who can answer the question?Please tell us where is the hospital? your mother works the hospital is三、時(shí)態(tài) 假設(shè)主句是如今的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)踐情況而定。假設(shè)主句是如今的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)踐情況而定。如：如：I have heardthathe _(come) back next we

13、ek.假設(shè)主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)假設(shè)主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。去的某種時(shí)態(tài)?？粗骶淇粗骶淙纾喝纾篐e saidthatthere _(be) no classes yesterday.留意：假設(shè)賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然景象等時(shí)，不留意：假設(shè)賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然景象等時(shí)，不論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用普通如今時(shí)。論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用普通如今時(shí)。如：如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.We wonder when he _(start) learni

14、ng English.He told me he _(can) swim.werecouldstartedwill comeThe teacher asked him what he _(do) at seven.was doingMy friend asked me when I _ (leave) for . would leave或或 was leavingHe told me that he _(be) to Shanghai.had beenCould you tell me how he _(go) to school every day?goes4.時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)1 The g

15、irls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 Could you tell me whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked

16、Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveledADCBCCould you tell me+賓語(yǔ)從句？表達(dá)的是委婉賓語(yǔ)從句？表達(dá)的是委婉的語(yǔ)氣，是普通如今時(shí)。的語(yǔ)氣，是普通如今時(shí)。四、四、if,when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 1. 賓語(yǔ)從句: if when 2.狀語(yǔ)從句:

17、條件狀語(yǔ)從句 if 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when 能否能否什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候(即特殊疑問(wèn)詞即特殊疑問(wèn)詞)假設(shè)假設(shè)從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)句意而定從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)句意而定當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài): 主句普通未來(lái)時(shí)主句普通未來(lái)時(shí)/普通如今時(shí)普通如今時(shí)/祈使句祈使句/含情含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 從句普通如今時(shí)從句普通如今時(shí). 主句普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)主句普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí),從句普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)從句普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí).主要從漢語(yǔ)意思去區(qū)別，重點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用。主要從漢語(yǔ)意思去區(qū)別，重點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用。5.If/when 區(qū)別練習(xí)區(qū)別練習(xí): 1. If it _(rain) tomorrow，I wont come. 2. He didnt tell me if it _(ra

18、in) tomorrow. 3. I dont know if he _(come) tomorrow. If he_ (come), Ill tell you. 4. When it _ (stop) raining, well go swimming. 5. Could you tell me when the film _(start)? Ill leave for a moment. would rainrainswill comecomesstopswill start假設(shè)假設(shè)能否能否能否能否假設(shè)假設(shè)當(dāng)當(dāng).的時(shí)候的時(shí)候什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候其它問(wèn)題其它問(wèn)題 did sheI dont th

19、ink he is serious,_?is heI believe he can finish it on time, _?cant he否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移：否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移： 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, guess, suppose等詞等詞 時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。如：如： I dont think he is right. 我以為他不我以為他不對(duì)。對(duì)。附加疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句：附加疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句：1. 普通根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判別：普通根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判別： 如：如：She didnt say that

20、he would come here, _? 2.當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)為當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)為I我，主句動(dòng)詞為我，主句動(dòng)詞為suppose,believe，think等，那么根據(jù)從句判別，但肯、否認(rèn)方式根據(jù)主句判別：等，那么根據(jù)從句判別，但肯、否認(rèn)方式根據(jù)主句判別：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)確實(shí)定：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)確實(shí)定：帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句。帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句。主句是主句是 陳說(shuō)句陳說(shuō)句: 。 He asked me where I went just now. 問(wèn)句：?jiǎn)柧洌?？ Do you know when hell be back?賓語(yǔ)從句六留意：賓語(yǔ)從句六留意： 一、引導(dǎo)詞一、

21、引導(dǎo)詞 if/whether區(qū)別區(qū)別 特殊疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)化：疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)化：疑問(wèn)詞+to do 二、語(yǔ)序二、語(yǔ)序 what is the matter?怎樣了？語(yǔ)序不變?cè)鯓恿耍空Z(yǔ)序不變 三三 、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài) 如賓語(yǔ)從句表客觀真理或自然景象如賓語(yǔ)從句表客觀真理或自然景象 ,仍用普通如今時(shí)仍用普通如今時(shí) Could you tell me? 四、四、if,when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 五、反意疑問(wèn)句五、反意疑問(wèn)句 普通看主句普通看主句 Think,believe,suppose,guess等看從句等看從句 六、否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移六、否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移 在在think , beli

22、eve , suppose,imagine等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓語(yǔ)中，假等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓語(yǔ)中，假設(shè)從句謂語(yǔ)能否認(rèn)的，普通要將否認(rèn)詞設(shè)從句謂語(yǔ)能否認(rèn)的，普通要將否認(rèn)詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語(yǔ)上去，轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語(yǔ)上去，而將從句謂語(yǔ)改為一定方式。如：而將從句謂語(yǔ)改為一定方式。如： I dont think he has time to play with girl. 我以為他沒時(shí)間和女孩玩。我以為他沒時(shí)間和女孩玩。練習(xí)：將以下各句合并成賓語(yǔ)從句。練習(xí)：將以下各句合并成賓語(yǔ)從句。1.What is his name? I dont know _2.When did you begin to study Englis

23、h? I didnt know _3.It is important to learn English. The teacher said _4.Does he live in that street? Could you tell me_what his name is .when you began to study English.it was important to learn English.if he lives in that street. Translate the following sentences.1. 我以為不會(huì)下雨我以為不會(huì)下雨 I _ that it _. 2

24、. 我以為他的答案不對(duì)我以為他的答案不對(duì). I _your answer right. 我們置信他還沒走？我們置信他還沒走？ We _ that he _.賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移：賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移：假設(shè)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是假設(shè)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, guess , suppose 等，等，而且主句的主語(yǔ)又是第一人稱時(shí)，它后面接的賓語(yǔ)從句的而且主句的主語(yǔ)又是第一人稱時(shí)，它后面接的賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)詞通常要前移到主句中，即否認(rèn)主語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞否認(rèn)詞通常要前移到主句中，即否認(rèn)主語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞 dont think will raindont thinkisdont believe has g

25、one6.我不知道飛機(jī)為什么晚點(diǎn)了我不知道飛機(jī)為什么晚點(diǎn)了.I did nt know_the plane_ _. 7.他問(wèn)我會(huì)議什么時(shí)候開場(chǎng)他問(wèn)我會(huì)議什么時(shí)候開場(chǎng).He asked me _the meeting _ _.8.沒人知道他是什么時(shí)候出生的沒人知道他是什么時(shí)候出生的.No one knows _he _ _.9.教師通知學(xué)生們太陽(yáng)比月亮大教師通知學(xué)生們太陽(yáng)比月亮大The teacher told his students the sun _ _than the moon.10.我不能一定他來(lái)還是不來(lái)我不能一定他來(lái)還是不來(lái).Im not sure _ he _ _ or not.

26、whywas latewhenwould beginwhenwas bornis biggerwhetherwill come1.Could you please tell me if David Smith comes?2.Could you please tell me whether Jane comes or not?3.Could you please tell me who will bring food?4.Could you please tell me what we need to buy?5.Could you please tell me when the party

27、starts?6.Could you please tell me where the party is?7.Could you please tell me how we can get there?8.Could you please tell me which bus we should take?Lets go to the party together, lets have a good time.賓語(yǔ)從句三要素：賓語(yǔ)從句三要素： 一、引導(dǎo)詞一、引導(dǎo)詞 二、語(yǔ)序二、語(yǔ)序 三三 、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài) 四、四、if,when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別區(qū)別 五、賓語(yǔ)從句的

28、反意疑問(wèn)句五、賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句 六、否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移六、否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：一、引導(dǎo)詞一、引導(dǎo)詞看從句看從句從句是陳說(shuō)句從句是陳說(shuō)句 (口語(yǔ)中常省略口語(yǔ)中常省略從句是普通疑問(wèn)句從句是普通疑問(wèn)句從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句We know thatwe should learn from each other.Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. that if/whether能否 wh/how(即特殊疑問(wèn)詞)Could you please tell me whe

29、re the restrooms are?引導(dǎo)詞是從句的一個(gè)成份，所以用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)詞是從句的一個(gè)成份，所以用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo) 詞，看從句成份能詞，看從句成份能否完好，不完好，一定是特殊疑問(wèn)句。完好，判別主句語(yǔ)氣，否完好，不完好，一定是特殊疑問(wèn)句。完好，判別主句語(yǔ)氣，是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣，用是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣，用if/whether; 是一定語(yǔ)氣，用是一定語(yǔ)氣，用that.If/whether能否的區(qū)別能否的區(qū)別 普通情況下，普通情況下，if 和和whether可以互換，但以可以互換，但以下下4種情況只能用種情況只能用whether： 在不定式前：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not has

30、nt been decided. 在介詞前：在介詞前：It depends on(依托依托) whether it is going to rain. 與與or not連用：連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 做主語(yǔ)從句：做主語(yǔ)從句：Whether he is right isnt important. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句, 當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)與當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)是一致從句主語(yǔ)是一致, 可簡(jiǎn)化成可簡(jiǎn)化成: 特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞+to do.Can you tell me how I can

31、 get to the nearest post office？Can you tell me how to get to the nearest post office？1.填寫適宜的引導(dǎo)詞填寫適宜的引導(dǎo)詞 1 Can you tell me_you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B

32、. what C. which D. who 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 7. He asked me _told

33、 me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 8. He asked his friend _ to go there or not. A. if B whether C. what D. that CCABBAAB2：用：用that, if/whether, how,where,what,.等銜接詞填等銜接詞填空空. 1.I hear_ they will visit our school next week.2.Do you know_ the girl is?3.Could you tell me _I can get to the par

34、k?4.We thought _you had never been there before .5.Please tell me_ you live.6.Mother asked me _ I had finished my homework.thatwhohowthatwhereif/whether7.Do you know_ she is angry?8.The teacher asked_ your name was. 9.Tom is ten.I want to know _ you are.10.He asked you_ you were a student or not.why

35、whathow oldwhether二、語(yǔ)序二、語(yǔ)序 Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if he works hard.或或I wonder whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.陳說(shuō)句語(yǔ)序陳說(shuō)句語(yǔ)序即：連詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即：連詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞陳說(shuō)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳陳說(shuō)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序。如：說(shuō)語(yǔ)序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said.The teacher s

36、aidthathe was an honest boy.普通疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序普通疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愓f(shuō)語(yǔ)序。如：變?yōu)殛愓f(shuō)語(yǔ)序。如：Whats the matter?(怎樣了怎樣了?)等等,在作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),語(yǔ)序不變語(yǔ)序不變.如如: Could you tell me whats the matter? 可以通知我怎樣了嗎可以通知我怎樣了嗎?3. 以下賓語(yǔ)叢句的語(yǔ)序能否正確。以下賓語(yǔ)叢句的語(yǔ)序能否正確。I think that he will come to China next year.I want to know if he was a

37、t home yesterday.Can you tell me where does your mother work?Do you know who can answer the question?Please tell us where is the hospital? your mother works the hospital is三、時(shí)態(tài) 假設(shè)主句是如今的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)踐情況而定。假設(shè)主句是如今的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)踐情況而定。如：如：I have heardthathe _(come) back next week.假設(shè)主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)

38、假設(shè)主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。去的某種時(shí)態(tài)?？粗骶淇粗骶淙纾喝纾篐e saidthatthere _(be) no classes yesterday.留意：假設(shè)賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然景象等時(shí)，不留意：假設(shè)賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然景象等時(shí)，不論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用普通如今時(shí)。論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用普通如今時(shí)。如：如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.We wonder when he _(start) learning English.He told me he _(c

39、an) swim.werecouldstartedwill comeThe teacher asked him what he _(do) at seven.was doingMy friend asked me when I _ (leave) for . would leave或或 was leavingHe told me that he _(be) to Shanghai.had beenCould you tell me how he _(go) to school every day?goes4.時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)1 The girls asked if they _ some fo

40、od and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 Could you tell me whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A

41、. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveledADCBCCould you tell me+賓語(yǔ)從句？表達(dá)的是委婉賓語(yǔ)從句？表達(dá)的是委婉的語(yǔ)氣，是普通如今時(shí)。的語(yǔ)氣，是普通如今時(shí)。四、四、if,when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 1. 賓語(yǔ)從句: if when 2.狀語(yǔ)從句: 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 if 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when 能否能否什么

42、時(shí)候什么時(shí)候(即特殊疑問(wèn)詞即特殊疑問(wèn)詞)假設(shè)假設(shè)從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)句意而定從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)句意而定當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài): 主句普通未來(lái)時(shí)主句普通未來(lái)時(shí)/普通如今時(shí)普通如今時(shí)/祈使句祈使句/含情含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 從句普通如今時(shí)從句普通如今時(shí). 主句普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)主句普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí),從句普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)從句普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí).主要從漢語(yǔ)意思去區(qū)別，重點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用。主要從漢語(yǔ)意思去區(qū)別，重點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用。5.If/when 區(qū)別練習(xí)區(qū)別練習(xí): 1. If it _(rain) tomorrow，I wont come. 2. He didnt tell me if it _(rain) tomorrow. 3. I dont know

43、 if he _(come) tomorrow. If he_ (come), Ill tell you. 4. When it _ (stop) raining, well go swimming. 5. Could you tell me when the film _(start)? Ill leave for a moment. would rainrainswill comecomesstopswill start假設(shè)假設(shè)能否能否能否能否假設(shè)假設(shè)當(dāng)當(dāng).的時(shí)候的時(shí)候什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候其它問(wèn)題其它問(wèn)題 did sheI dont think he is serious,_?is heI b

44、elieve he can finish it on time, _?cant he否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移：否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移： 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, guess, suppose等詞等詞 時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。如：如： I dont think he is right. 我以為他不我以為他不對(duì)。對(duì)。附加疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句：附加疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句：1. 普通根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判別：普通根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判別： 如：如：She didnt say that he would come here, _? 2.當(dāng)主句

45、主語(yǔ)為當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)為I我，主句動(dòng)詞為我，主句動(dòng)詞為suppose,believe，think等，那么根據(jù)從句判別，但肯、否認(rèn)方式根據(jù)主句判別：等，那么根據(jù)從句判別，但肯、否認(rèn)方式根據(jù)主句判別：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)確實(shí)定：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)確實(shí)定：帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句。帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句。主句是主句是 陳說(shuō)句陳說(shuō)句: 。 He asked me where I went just now. 問(wèn)句：?jiǎn)柧洌?？ Do you know when hell be back?賓語(yǔ)從句六留意：賓語(yǔ)從句六留意： 一、引導(dǎo)詞一、引導(dǎo)詞 if/whether區(qū)別區(qū)別 特殊疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)化：

46、疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)化：疑問(wèn)詞+to do 二、語(yǔ)序二、語(yǔ)序 what is the matter?怎樣了？語(yǔ)序不變?cè)鯓恿?？語(yǔ)序不變 三三 、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài) 如賓語(yǔ)從句表客觀真理或自然景象如賓語(yǔ)從句表客觀真理或自然景象 ,仍用普通如今時(shí)仍用普通如今時(shí) Could you tell me? 四、四、if,when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 五、反意疑問(wèn)句五、反意疑問(wèn)句 普通看主句普通看主句 Think,believe,suppose,guess等看從句等看從句 六、否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移六、否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移 在在think , believe , suppose,imagine等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓

47、語(yǔ)中，假等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓語(yǔ)中，假設(shè)從句謂語(yǔ)能否認(rèn)的，普通要將否認(rèn)詞設(shè)從句謂語(yǔ)能否認(rèn)的，普通要將否認(rèn)詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語(yǔ)上去，轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語(yǔ)上去，而將從句謂語(yǔ)改為一定方式。如：而將從句謂語(yǔ)改為一定方式。如： I dont think he has time to play with girl. 我以為他沒時(shí)間和女孩玩。我以為他沒時(shí)間和女孩玩。練習(xí)：將以下各句合并成賓語(yǔ)從句。練習(xí)：將以下各句合并成賓語(yǔ)從句。1.What is his name? I dont know _2.When did you begin to study English? I didnt know _3.It is imp

48、ortant to learn English. The teacher said _4.Does he live in that street? Could you tell me_what his name is .when you began to study English.it was important to learn English.if he lives in that street. Translate the following sentences.1. 我以為不會(huì)下雨我以為不會(huì)下雨 I _ that it _. 2. 我以為他的答案不對(duì)我以為他的答案不對(duì). I _you

49、r answer right. 我們置信他還沒走？我們置信他還沒走？ We _ that he _.賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移：賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移：假設(shè)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是假設(shè)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, guess , suppose 等，等，而且主句的主語(yǔ)又是第一人稱時(shí)，它后面接的賓語(yǔ)從句的而且主句的主語(yǔ)又是第一人稱時(shí)，它后面接的賓語(yǔ)從句的否認(rèn)詞通常要前移到主句中，即否認(rèn)主語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞否認(rèn)詞通常要前移到主句中，即否認(rèn)主語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞 dont think will raindont thinkisdont believe has gone6.我不知道飛機(jī)為什么晚點(diǎn)了我不知道飛機(jī)為什么晚點(diǎn)

50、了.I did nt know_the plane_ _. 7.他問(wèn)我會(huì)議什么時(shí)候開場(chǎng)他問(wèn)我會(huì)議什么時(shí)候開場(chǎng).He asked me _the meeting _ _.8.沒人知道他是什么時(shí)候出生的沒人知道他是什么時(shí)候出生的.No one knows _he _ _.9.教師通知學(xué)生們太陽(yáng)比月亮大教師通知學(xué)生們太陽(yáng)比月亮大The teacher told his students the sun _ _than the moon.10.我不能一定他來(lái)還是不來(lái)我不能一定他來(lái)還是不來(lái).Im not sure _ he _ _ or not. whywas latewhenwould beginwh

51、enwas bornis biggerwhetherwill come1.1.規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：1)1)普通情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加普通情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不發(fā)音以不發(fā)音e e結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以輔音加以輔音加y y結(jié)尾的，去結(jié)尾的，去y y變變i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只需一個(gè)輔音字母，以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只需一個(gè)輔音字母， 先雙寫該輔音字母，再加先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞

52、的過(guò)去分詞：不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone 部分常見的不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞：部分常見的不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞： go-went-gone do-did-donehave/has-had-had take-took-taken eat-ate-eaten see-saw-seenspeak-spoke-spoken write-wrote-written sing-sang-sung build-built-builtgrow-grew-grown make-made-made am/is/are-was/were-been se

53、nd-sent-sent 英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)We speak English.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)English is spoken by us.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓變主賓變主,主變賓主變賓,前加前加by動(dòng)變被動(dòng)變被,看清看清be, 構(gòu)造分別構(gòu)造分別be+ pp自動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)自動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的根本構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的根本構(gòu)成： be+ be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞be+done)be+done)He plants trees in spring. 主謂賓(受動(dòng)者)Treesare planted byhim改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)in spring.主變

54、被解題步驟主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語(yǔ)找賓語(yǔ) -即動(dòng)作的接受者即動(dòng)作的接受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判別賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)判別賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3. 判別動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)判別動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4. 修正謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)修正謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞 made5. 修正原句的主語(yǔ)修正原句的主語(yǔ) -即即by+ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)/ 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ). by them. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. T

55、om broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. 自動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)口訣：自動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)口訣：賓語(yǔ)提早主語(yǔ)變，賓語(yǔ)提早主語(yǔ)變，原主變賓原主變賓by后見，后見，時(shí)態(tài)人稱時(shí)態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。關(guān)鍵。Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主謂謂賓賓(受動(dòng)者受動(dòng)者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.His brother washes bowls every da

56、y.主主謂謂賓賓(受動(dòng)者受動(dòng)者)Bowls are washed byhis brother every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.普通如今時(shí)：普通如今時(shí)：S(主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+am/is /are +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞普通如今時(shí)普通如今時(shí)am/is/are +p.p. We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.2. They bou

57、ght ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)：普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)：S+was/were +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him.普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+p.p.He made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten day

58、s.普通未來(lái)時(shí)：普通未來(lái)時(shí)：S+ will be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞普通未來(lái)時(shí)普通未來(lái)時(shí) shall/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.4.Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken goo

59、d care of by Amy.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) can/may/must/should +be +p.p. I can find him.He can be found by me.5.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.如今進(jìn)展時(shí)：如今進(jìn)展時(shí)： S+ am/is/are + being +過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞6I was do

60、ing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)： S+ was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞7We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.如今完成時(shí)：如今完成時(shí)： S+ have/has + been+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞如今完成時(shí)如今完成時(shí)has /have +been done Jim has finished the work. The wo