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1、初中英語語法初中英語語法梳理和提高名 詞一、 名詞的分類 名來源:數(shù)理化網(wǎng)詞類 別來源:數(shù)理化網(wǎng)意 義例 詞專有名詞表示具體的人名、事物、國家、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等的專有名稱Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示單個(gè)人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合 名詞表示一群人或一些事物的總稱people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)water, ice, pork, cheese,

2、 cotton, broccoli抽象名詞表示抽象概念的詞fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注:1.專有名詞是指人、地方、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等特有的名稱。第一個(gè)字母必須大寫。專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。 2、有普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞“the”,但它不大寫。 3、有些不可數(shù)名詞有時(shí)表示為具體的東西時(shí),則變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞,而且以四上也有了變化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒, work- a work 工廠,著作 ,glass-a glass 一個(gè)玻璃杯, room空間-a room一個(gè)房間二、 名詞的數(shù):表示可以計(jì)算數(shù)目的人或物稱為可

3、數(shù)名詞。1、可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式:可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在名詞前加 “a或an”;復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞后加 “-s或-es”。名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種,規(guī)則變化及其讀音可依照下表:當(dāng)名詞為:詞尾變化讀 音例 詞一般情況加s在清輔音后讀/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的單詞加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o結(jié)尾的單詞加s或es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes

4、, potatoes, heroes,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞去y 變i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe結(jié)尾的單詞去f或fe 變v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th結(jié)尾的詞加s/ðz/; /z/mouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer

5、-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由man 和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞, 每個(gè)名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù) eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 注意: 有些名詞表示一種物體具有不可分割的相同的兩部分,在使用時(shí)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名詞從形式上看是復(fù)數(shù), 實(shí)際上是單數(shù)(其后的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不可數(shù)名詞:表示不能計(jì)算數(shù)目

6、的人或物,稱為不可數(shù)名詞。他們前面不能用a/an,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞都屬于不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1) 同一個(gè)詞,變成復(fù)數(shù)形式, 意義不同。eg. food 食物- foods 各種食物,time 時(shí)間 - times 時(shí)代,green 綠色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)代指具體的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艱苦(3) 物質(zhì)名詞在表示數(shù)量時(shí),常用某個(gè)量詞+of來表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bag

7、s of rice, 三、名詞的所有格名詞的所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系,有兩種表示形式, 一種是在名詞后+s;另一種是用of, 表示 “的”。1. (1) 一般詞的所有格, 直接在詞尾 +s。 eg. Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothes (2) 以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格只在詞尾 + eg. teachers books (3) 兩人共有的物體, 則在第二個(gè)名詞后+s; 如果分別是兩人所有, 則在每個(gè)名詞后面 +s。 eg. Lucy and Lilys room. (指兩人共住一個(gè)房間) Mrs Greens and Mrs Browns son. (指兩人各

8、自的兒子) (4) 表示某具體場所時(shí), 所有格后面的名詞可省略 eg. the doctors (office) Mr. Whites2.(1) 沒有生命的事物一般用of 短語來表示所屬關(guān)系。 eg. the wall of the classroom,a picture of the bedroom, (2) 名詞的的定語較長時(shí),有生命的事物也可用of短語表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man (4) 雙重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Toms(5) 有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的

9、名詞,也可以加s來構(gòu)成所有格。eg. ten minutes walk, todays newspaper例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 解析: much 是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的, A B D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是可是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式, C項(xiàng)為不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選C.2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges

10、, orange D. orange, oranges解析: orange 有兩種含義, 一種可數(shù)名詞橘子, 另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁, 此題第一空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞, 第二空填不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk解析: 句中的 minute應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此選A。4. An old _ wants to see you. A. peo

11、ple B. person C. the people D. the person 解析: person 與people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一個(gè)人”用 “a person”,“兩個(gè)人” 用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人們”是集合名詞,表示復(fù)數(shù), the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一個(gè)民族”. 應(yīng)選B。5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples解析

12、: chicken 可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞,用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉;apple為可數(shù)名詞, 故應(yīng)+s, 因此選D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers解析: room number 房間號(hào)碼. room可直接用作定語修飾后面的名詞 . 類似的還有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 應(yīng)選C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tian

13、jin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成員; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房間;而home 指的是家, 因此選C.8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters解析: 此句中 “mothers”是

14、復(fù)數(shù),表示兩個(gè)人各自的母親,因此應(yīng)選D。9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 解析: 此句意為 “李雷這個(gè)去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具體場所時(shí), 可省去所有格后面的名詞.因此選B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experien

15、ce解析: experience 作 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)” 講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞, 作 “經(jīng)歷”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞. 本句中應(yīng)理解為 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)”,因此是不可數(shù)名詞,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此選B。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析: 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選D。12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen,

16、 Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 解析: Frenchman 是復(fù)合詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Frenchmen; German 的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾+S, 應(yīng)選A. team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be解析: team 是一個(gè)集合名詞,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(指整個(gè)小組) , 也可指小組中的成員(表示復(fù)數(shù)), 此題意為后者, 因此選B。14. “Would you like _” “_, please.”A. drink,

17、 Three coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析: drink 和coffee是不可數(shù)名詞, 可以用of來表示數(shù)量, eg, three cups of coffee, 當(dāng)前面加a 時(shí),則表示“一杯”因此選C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. and stone, millions of B. earths and sto

18、nes, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions解析:earth 是不可數(shù)名詞,因此刪除B D,數(shù)以百萬的應(yīng)為millions of . 因此選A。冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞(a, an )和定冠詞 (the)一、 不定冠詞的用法 1)用與可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前,指人或事物的某一種類:例如: She is a girl. Pass me an apple , please. 2)、指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。例如: A boy is waiting for you We wo

19、rk six days a week. 3). 表示 “一”這個(gè)數(shù)量,但數(shù)的概念沒有one 強(qiáng)烈.例如: We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears. 4). 用于某些固定的詞組中.例如: a few, a little, a lot of注: 用a 還是an, 要看后面的詞讀音以輔音開頭還是以元音開頭.二、定冠詞的用法 1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the photo of the boy 2) 指雙方都知道的人或物.例如: -Whe

20、re are the new books, Jim? - They are on the small table. 3) 指上文提過的人或物.例如: Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane. 4). 用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前.例如: The sun is bigger than the moon. 5). 用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前.例如: The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The third

21、 one is carrying the fewest of all.6). 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前.例如: the Great Wall the North Street Hospital7). 用在一些習(xí)慣用語中.例如: in the morning (afternoon, evening), on the left(right) at the end of三、不用冠詞的情況 1)在專有名詞前和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如:China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk 2)名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代詞。例如

22、: The letter is in her pocket.I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)。例如: My father and mother are teachers.I like cakes. 4)在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前。例如: It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.) Today is Mid-Autumn Day.It is cold in winter. 5)在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如: Uncle Wang likes making things.

23、What colour are Mrs Greens shoes? 6)在三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前。例如: He went to school after breakfast. Can you play basketball?注: 在某些固定詞組中,如:at home, by bus, go to school 等的名詞前不用冠詞。代 詞一、 代詞的分類英語中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。二、 代詞的用法1 人稱代詞:人稱代詞是指人的代詞,有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示“我” “你” “他” “我們” “你們” “他們”。請(qǐng)看下表: 數(shù)

24、格 人 稱 單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)主 格賓 格主 格賓 格 第一人稱wemeweus 第二人稱youyouyouyou 第三人稱hehimtheythem she her it it (1) 人稱代詞主格在句中作主語。例如:She is my English teacher.(2) 賓格在句中作賓語。例如:They dont want me to go there alone. Dont worry. I can look after her.(3) 賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語中。例如:- Whos that - Its me.注意:人稱代詞we, you, they 可以用來表示一般人。例如: Y

25、ou cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不準(zhǔn)穿拖鞋進(jìn)入大廳。 人稱代的主格作表語,一般都在正中的談話中, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如: It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那條項(xiàng)鏈。 人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國、大地、月亮、輪船等。 例如: The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 輪船要起航了。 這時(shí)她第一次去波士頓。 We love our country, we hope shell be stronger and stronger. 我

26、們熱愛我們的祖國,我們希望她越來越強(qiáng)大。 It作為人稱代詞時(shí),可以表示天氣、距離、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等。 例如: It is about 10 kilometres from here. 離這兒大約有10公里。 It 還可用作形式主語或形式賓語,來代替由不定式,動(dòng)詞的-ing,形式或主語從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語或賓語, 以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如: It is not easy to learn English well. It is good for you taking a walk after supper. I found it difficult to sleep. 英語里當(dāng)主語是并列的幾個(gè)人時(shí),

27、人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語不同, I 在最后, you 在最前;但是, 當(dāng)受到批評(píng)或時(shí)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)正好相反,I 在最前, you在最后。 例如: You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.2物主代詞:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。 詞 義 類 型我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他/她/它們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 詞性物主代詞mineyourshish

28、ersitsoursyourstheirs(1) 形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語, 后面跟名詞。例如:To our surprise, he has passed the exam. (2) 名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征, 在句中作主語、表語、賓語。例如: May I use your bike Mine is at school. (作主語) Whose glasses are these They are hers. ( 作表語) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours (作賓語) (3) 名詞性物主代詞可以與of 連用, 作定

29、語。 例如:A friend of ours are waiting for us.3反身帶詞:用來表示“某人自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示: 詞 義 數(shù)我(們)自己你(們)自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 們 自 己單 數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù) 數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves (1)反身代詞在句中常用賓語,主語或賓語的同位語。例如: Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作賓語) He himself is always making such mistake

30、s. (主語同位語) Youd better ask your wife herself. (賓語同位語)(2) 反身代詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成固定搭配,例如:make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to,etc4指示代詞:表示時(shí)間和空間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞叫指示代詞。見下表這,這個(gè)那,那個(gè)這些那些thisthatthesethose 指示代詞可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。例如: Those are my parents. ( 作主語) Throw it like that. (作表語) The toys

31、little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表語) These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定語)注意:(1)前面剛剛提到過的東西, 常用that, those 表示。 例如: Im sorry to hear that.( 2 )下文將要提到的事情, 可用these, this 表示, 起啟下的作用。 例如:Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree t

32、o it.5疑問代詞:用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞。常用的有:who, what, which, whose, whom, 在句中常作主語、賓語、定語、表語。作主語: What make you so happy?作賓語: Who / Whom is your manager talking with?在口語中, 作賓語時(shí) who和whom可以通用,但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如:About whom they are talking just now?作定語: Which subject do you like best?作表語: Whats your mother.6相互代詞:用于

33、表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。 常用的有:each other, one another. 相互代詞可以作賓語、定語。例如: We should help each other. The villagers have looked after one another these year. 相互代詞后可以加s,表示所有關(guān)系。 例如: We put the presents in each others stocking.7連接代詞: 用來連接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有:what, which, who, whom whose, that例如: I know what he s

34、aid at the meeting. The problem is who will mend it. Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?8. 不定代詞:不定代詞沒有確定的對(duì)象, 常用的有:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。 不定代詞通??梢宰鲋髡Z、賓語、表語、定語, 而none及含有

35、some, an every 的合成代詞不能做定語,no和every 只能做定語。代詞many, few, a few修飾可數(shù)名詞,much, little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both, either, neither, each用于指兩者,all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!1. This isnt _ pencil case. I left _ at home.A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself解析:此類題主要用于考查學(xué)生對(duì)人稱代詞、物主代詞和

36、反身代詞的掌握情況。要做好這類題,就必須熟練掌握這三類詞的用法。應(yīng)選A。2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few解析:歷年來中考始終將little, a little, few, a few作為一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn),要做好這類題,必須明確幾點(diǎn):(1)little, a little修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞;few, a few修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。(2)few, little 一般表示否定意義;a few, a little表示

37、肯定意義。應(yīng)選D。3. - Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?- _ OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None解析:此類題主要是針對(duì)each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代詞的考查。Both指兩個(gè)人或物;all表示三者或三者以上“都”,它們都表示肯定意義,均與of連用,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。all也可代替不可數(shù)名詞或一個(gè)整體,這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,either

38、指兩者只任何一個(gè),表肯定,表示三者或三者以上中的任何一個(gè)用any, neither是either的否定形式,表示兩者都不是。應(yīng)選A。4. The population of China is much large than _A. this 解析:在比較級(jí)的句型中,經(jīng)常用that指代前面提到過的不可數(shù)名詞,用those指代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。 選D。5 . - When shall we meet again? - Make it _day you like. Its all the same to me.A. one 解析:any表示任何一個(gè)。選B。He said _ at the meetin

39、g and just sat there silently. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything解析:此句的意思是“他在會(huì)上一言不發(fā),只是靜靜地坐在那里?!备鶕?jù)句意,應(yīng)選C。- Do you know the lady _ is interviewing our headmaster?- Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.A. which B. who C. whom D. whose解析:先行詞指人且在定語從句中作主語,所以應(yīng)選B。數(shù) 詞 英語數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目或者順序, 可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?;鶖?shù)

40、詞表示數(shù)量,序數(shù)詞表示順序。 一、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 1112的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。 21319的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18較特殊, 13thirteen 15fifteen 18eighteen。 32090的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如: sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80較特殊, 20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty。 4十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)

41、之間要加連字符號(hào)“-”,如:28twenty-eight,96ninety-six。 5百位和十位(若無十位則和個(gè)位)之間加and,如:148one hundred and forty-eight 406four hundred and six。 6hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百萬),billion(十億)等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞,也不能在它們的后面加s。如:600six hundred,8百萬eight million。 71000以上的數(shù)字,從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前為千(thousand),第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前為百萬(million),第三個(gè)逗號(hào)

42、前為billion(十億)。英語中無“萬”這個(gè)詞,我們可以用“幾十個(gè)千(thousand)”表示幾萬,“幾百個(gè)千(thousand)”表示“幾十萬”。如:2,510two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。 二、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞一般是以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成,例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的這些基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)

43、詞時(shí), 有特別之處。 first, two - second, three - third, five - fifth, nice - ninth, twelve - twelfth 2. 以ty 結(jié)尾的單詞, 要先變y為I, 在加-eth. 例如:thirty -thirtieth, fifty -fiftieth3. 以one, two, three 等結(jié)尾的多位數(shù)詞, 要將各位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。 例如: twenty-one - twenty-first, one hundred and one - one hundred and first 注意: 序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞, 有時(shí)還可以用不定冠

44、詞 a/an 則表示 “又一 ”的意思。 例如:Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外還有一輛車。He has tried a second time. 他又嘗試了一次。三、數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用 1時(shí)刻的表示:小時(shí)、點(diǎn)鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。 “幾點(diǎn)鐘”用基數(shù)詞加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如: 5點(diǎn)鐘five(o'clock) “幾點(diǎn)過幾分 ”,30分鐘”用介詞past。如: 7:05five past seven;7:15fifteen (a quarter)past seven;7:30half past seven。 “差幾分幾點(diǎn)”

45、用介詞“to”。如:7:40twenty to eight;7:45fifteen(a quarter to eight。 日常生活中的時(shí)間讀法常常簡化,直接按基數(shù)詞的順序讀。如:7:05seven o five;7:15 seven fifteen。 2年月日的表示: 年份用基數(shù)詞,如:1999年nineteen ninety-nine; 1900年nineteen hundred; 2000two thousand;1905nineteen o five; 年用基數(shù)詞,日用序數(shù)詞。如:1998年6月8日 寫作:June 8,1998;讀作:June the eighth, nineteen

46、 ninety-eight或the eighth of June, nineteen ninety-eight。3. 世紀(jì)、年代表示法: (在)90年代 (in) the nineties (在)19世紀(jì) (in) the nineteenth century (在)18世紀(jì)30年代 (in) 1730s或1730s4編號(hào)的表示: Lesson One the first lesson第一課; Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽車; 表示住所時(shí)不用“No”如:302房間Room 302(讀作:room three o two); 如果編號(hào)的數(shù)詞比較長,一般用基數(shù)詞。如:Page 4

47、57第457頁; 電話號(hào)碼,用基數(shù)詞,如:3855633three eight five five(double five) six three three(double three)。 5分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于“1”,分母則加“s”。如:13 one third,23two thirds; 另外:12 a(one)half; 14one fourth或a(one)quarter;34threefourths或three quarters。 half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒 6. 表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。 five p

48、oint five twelve point one three five 7表示百分?jǐn)?shù)5:five percent (per cent), zero point eight percent (per cent).8表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。 five point five twelve point one three five 9其他用法:1)基數(shù)詞單數(shù)名詞形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如:一個(gè)五歲的男孩a five-year-old boy; 一座800米長的橋an 800-metre-long bridge;女子400米接力girls'400-metre relay race。2)具體數(shù)詞

49、metre(s)kilometre(s)kilo(s)long high tall deep away等。如:長江長6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long 3)表示"幾十歲"用序數(shù)詞,eg. 在他三十幾歲時(shí) in his thirties4)倍數(shù)的表達(dá):(一倍用once,兩倍用 twice,兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞times。如:5倍five times)。 例如:He is as tall a boy as I. He is a head taller than I . He is two years older

50、than IChina is four times as large as Europe.I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)My books are twice as many as yours.China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)I pay twice as much as it was worth.I pay twice as much

51、 for the house. 例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松! 1. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /3). - Which is the smallest number of the four - _. A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths4). Please write down the new words in the text of _. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh解析:1.基數(shù)詞hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具體數(shù)字時(shí),它們后面不能加s,若

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