新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第四冊課文及翻譯75365

1、Love and logic: The story of fallacyI had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl i

2、n exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law

3、firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition."Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken".After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big

4、 old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about?&

5、quot; she asked.愛情與邏輯：謬誤的故事在我和室友羅伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次約會。那一年校園里每個人都有件皮夾克，而羅伯是校足球隊員中唯一一個沒有皮夾克的，他一想到這個就受不了，于是他和我達(dá)成了一項協(xié)議，用他的女友換取我的夾克。他可不那么聰明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。但她漂亮而且富有，也沒有把頭發(fā)染成奇怪的顏色或是化很濃的妝。她擁有合適的家庭背景，足以勝任一名堅忍而睿智的律師的女友。如果我能夠讓我所申請的頂尖律師事務(wù)所看到我身邊伴隨著一位光彩照人、談吐優(yōu)雅的另一半，我就很有可能在競聘中以微弱優(yōu)勢獲勝。“光彩照人”，她已經(jīng)是了。而我也能施予她足夠多的“智慧之珠”，讓她

6、變得“談吐優(yōu)雅”。在一起外出度過了美好的一天之后，我驅(qū)車來到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡樹下。我的想法有些怪異。而這個地方能夠俯瞰燈火燦爛的城區(qū)，我覺得它會使人的心情變輕松。我們呆在車子里，我調(diào)低了音響并把腳從剎車上挪開?！拔覀円勑┦裁矗俊彼龁柕?。"Logic.""Cool," she said over her gum."The doctrine of logic,” I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, a

7、nd some of them are well known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter.""Great,” she agreed."Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore, everybody should exercise."She nodded in agreement.I could see she was stum

8、ped. "Polly," I explained, "it's too simple a generalization. If you have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore, you must say exercise is good for most people.""Next is Hasty Generalization. Self-explanatory, right? Listen carefully

9、: You can't speak French. Rob can't speak French. Looks like nobody at this school can speak French.""Really?" said Polly, amazed. "Nobody?""This is also a fallacy," I said. "The generalization is reached too hastily. Too few instances support such a c

10、onclusion."She seemed to have a good time. I could safely say my plan was underway. I took her home and set a date for another conversation.Seated under the oak the next evening I said, "Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam."She nodded with delight."Listen closely

11、," I said. "A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he says he has six children to feed.""Oh, this is awful, awful," she whispered in a choked voice."Yes, its awful," I agreed, "but it's no argument. The man never answe

12、red the boss's question. Instead he appealed to the boss's sympathy - Ad Misericordiam."“邏輯學(xué)。”“好酷啊，”她一邊嚼著口香糖一邊說?！斑壿媽W(xué)的原理，”我說道，“即清晰思考的主要原則。邏輯上出現(xiàn)的問題會歪曲事實，其中有些還很普遍。我們先來看看一種叫做絕對判斷的邏輯謬誤?！薄昂冒。彼硎就??！敖^對判斷是指在證據(jù)不足的情況下所作出的推斷。比方說：運動是有益的，所以每個人都應(yīng)該運動。她點頭表示贊同。我看得出她沒弄明白?！安ɡ?，”我解釋說，“這個推斷太過簡單化了。如果你有心臟病或者超

13、級肥胖癥什么的，運動就變得有害而不是有益。所以你應(yīng)該說，運動對大多數(shù)人來說是有益的?！薄敖酉聛硎遣萋式Y(jié)論。這似乎不言自明，對吧？仔細(xì)聽好了：你不會說法語，羅伯也不會說法語，那么這所學(xué)校里好像是沒有人會說法語?！薄笆菃幔俊辈ɡ虺泽@地說?！皼]有人嗎？”“這也是一種邏輯謬誤，”我說，“這一結(jié)論太草率了，因為能夠支持這一結(jié)論的例證太少了?！彼坪鯇W(xué)得很開心，而我也可以放心地說我的計劃正在穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)中。我把她送回家，并且定下了下一次約會交談的日子。第二天晚上，坐在那棵橡樹下，我說：“今天晚上我們要談的第一個邏輯謬誤叫文不對題?！彼吲d地點了點頭?！奥牶昧?，”我說，“有個人去申請工作，當(dāng)老板問他有什么應(yīng)聘資

14、格時，他說他有六個孩子要撫養(yǎng)。”“哇，這太可怕了，太可怕了，”她哽咽著輕聲說到。“對，是挺可怕的，”我表示贊同地說，“但這不是理由。這個人根本沒有回答老板的問題，而只是在博取老板的同情，這就是文不對題。”She blinked, still trying hard to keep back her tears."Next," I said carefully, "we will discuss False Analogy. An example, students should be allowed to look at their textbooks durin

15、g exams, because surgeons have X-rays to guide them during surgery."I like that idea," she said."Polly," I groaned, "don't derail the discussion. The inference is wrong. Doctors aren't taking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations

16、are altogether different. You can't make an analogy between them.""I still think its a good idea," said Polly.With five nights of diligent work, I actually made a logician out of Polly. She was an analytical thinker at last. The time had come for the conversion of our relationship

17、 from academic to romantic."Polly," I said when next we sat under our oak, "tonight we won't discuss fallacies.""Oh?" she said, a little disappointed.Favoring her with a grin, I said, "We have now spent five evenings together. We get along pretty well. We make

18、a pretty good couple.""Hasty Generalization," said Polly brightly. "Or as a normal person might say, that's a little premature, don't you think?"'I laughed with amusement. She'd learned her lessons well, far surpassing my expectations. "Sweetheart,"

19、 I said, patting her hand in a tolerant manner, "five dates is plenty. After all, you don't have to eat a whole cake to know it's good."她眨著眼睛，仍在竭力地忍住眼淚?！敖酉聛怼保倚⌒牡卣f，“我們來討論錯誤類比。舉個例子：學(xué)生考試時應(yīng)該允許看課本，因為外科醫(yī)生在做手術(shù)時可以看 X 光片?！薄拔蚁矚g這個主意，”她說。“波莉，”我抱怨道，“別打岔，這一推論是錯誤的。醫(yī)生們不是在參加考試以檢查他們學(xué)到了多少，而學(xué)生卻是。他們的情

20、況完全不同，你不能將他們作類比?！薄拔胰匀徽J(rèn)為這是一個好主意，”波莉說。經(jīng)過五個夜晚的辛勤努力，我竟然真的將波莉打造成了一個邏輯行家，她總算能夠分析思考了?，F(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是時候讓我們的關(guān)系從學(xué)術(shù)向浪漫發(fā)展了。“波莉，”當(dāng)我們又一次坐在那棵橡樹下的時候我對她說，“今晚我們不討論邏輯謬誤了?！薄芭叮俊彼卮鹫f，有一點失望。我贊許地對她笑了笑，說：“我們在一起已經(jīng)度過了五個晚上，相互之間挺合得來，我們是蠻相配的一對。”“草率結(jié)論，”波莉伶俐地說，“或者是按一般人的說法，這個結(jié)論有些不成熟，你不這樣認(rèn)為嗎？”我被逗得笑了起來，她功課還真學(xué)得不錯，大大超過了我的預(yù)期。“親愛的，”我開口說，同時寬容地拍了拍她的

21、手，“五次約會已經(jīng)夠多了，畢竟你不需要吃掉整個蛋糕才知道它是不是好吃?！?quot;False Analogy," said Polly promptly."Your premise is that dating is like eating. But you're not a cake. You're a boy."I laughed with somewhat less amusement, hiding my dread that she'd learned her lessons too well.A few more false

22、steps would be my doom. I decided to change tactics and try flattery instead."Polly, I love you. Please say you'll go out with me. I'm nothing without you.""Ad Misericordiam," she said."You certainly can discern a fallacy when you see it," I said, my hopes start

23、ing to crumble."But don't take them so literally. I mean this is all academic. You know the things you learn in school don't have anything to do with real life.""Dicto Simpliciter," she said. "Besides, you really should practice what you preach."I leaped to my f

24、eet, my temper flaring up. "Will you or will you not go out with me?""No to your proposition," she replied."Why?" I demanded."I'm more interested in a different petitioner - Rob and I are back together.With great effort, I said calmly, "How could you give

25、me the axe over Rob?Look at me, an ingenious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.“錯誤類比，”波莉立即回應(yīng)?！澳愕那疤崾羌s會就如同吃東西?？赡悴皇堑案?，你是個男孩?！蔽矣中α诵Γ贿^不覺得那么有趣了，同時還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了。再錯幾步我可就無法挽回了。我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法?！安ɡ颍覑勰?。請答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒有你我什么也不是?！薄拔牟粚︻}，”她說?！澳氵€真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時一一辨別它們了，”我說，心里的希望已經(jīng)開始動搖。“不過

26、不要對它們太死板，我是說這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實際生活根本沒有什么聯(lián)系?！薄敖^對判斷，”她說道，“而且，你自己教的東西應(yīng)該自己身體力行?！蔽乙幌绿似饋?，怒火中燒，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？”“我不愿意，”她答道?！盀槭裁?？”我追問道?！拔覍α硪晃磺髳壅吒信d趣羅伯和我重歸于好了?！蔽覙O力地保持著平靜，說道：“你怎么會甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個聰明過人的學(xué)生，一個不同凡響的學(xué)者，一個前途無量的人。32 “錯誤類比，”波莉立即回應(yīng)?！澳愕那疤崾羌s會就如同吃東西?？赡悴皇堑案?，你是個男孩?！?3 我又笑了笑，不過不覺得那么有趣了，同時還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了。

27、再錯幾步我可就無法挽回了。 我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法。 34 “波莉，我愛你。請答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒有你我什么也不是?！?5 “文不對題，”她說。36 “你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時一一辨別它們了，” 我說，心里的希望已經(jīng)開始動搖。 “不過不要對它們太死板，我是說這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實際生活根本沒有什么聯(lián)系。”37 “絕對判斷，”她說道，“而且，你自己教的東西應(yīng)該自己身體力行?！?38 我一下跳了起來，怒火中燒，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？”39 “我不愿意，”她答道。40 “為什么？”我追問道。41 “我對另一位求愛者更感興趣羅伯和我重歸于好了?！?2 我

28、極力地保持著平靜，說道：“你怎么會甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個聰明過人的學(xué)生，一個不同凡響的學(xué)者，一個前途無量的人。再看看羅伯，一個肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的蠢材，一個有了上頓沒下頓的家伙。你是否能給我一個充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？”43 “喔，這是什么假設(shè)啊！為了讓像你這樣聰明的人能夠明白，我這么說吧，”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，“事情的真相是我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”再看看羅伯，一個肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的蠢材，一個有了上頓沒下頓的家伙。你是否能給我一個充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？”43 “喔，這是什么假設(shè)啊！為了讓像你這樣聰明的人能夠明白，我這么說吧，”波莉反駁

29、道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，“事情的真相是我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”Unit 2The confusing pursuit of beautyIf you're a man, at some point a woman will ask you how she looks.You must be careful how you answer this question. The best technique is to form an honest yet sensitive response, then promptly excuse yours

30、elf for some kind of emergency. Trust me, this is the easiest way out. No amount of rehearsal will help you come up with the right answer.The problem is that men do not think of their looks in the same way women do. Most men form an opinion of themselves in seventh grade and stick to it for the rest

31、 of their lives. Some men think they're irresistibly desirable, and they refuse to change this opinion even when they grow bald and their faces visibly wrinkle as they age.Most men, I believe, are not arrogant about their looks. If the transient thought passes through their minds at all, they li

32、ke to think of themselves as average-looking. Being average doesn't bother them; average is fine. They don't affix much value to their looks, or think of them in terms of aesthetics. Their primary form of beauty care is to shave themselves, which is essentially the same care they give to the

33、ir lawns. If, at the end of his four-minute allotment of time for grooming, a man has managed to wipe most of the shaving cream out of the strands of his hair and isn't bleeding too badly, he feels he's done all he can.Women do not look at themselves this way. If I had to guess what most wom

34、en think about their appearance, it would be: "Not good enough." No matter how attractive a woman may be, her perception of herself is eclipsed by the beauty industry. She has trouble thinking I'm beautiful, She magnifies the smallest imperfections in her body and imagines them as glar

35、ing flaws the whole world will notice and ridicule.令人困惑的對美的追求如果你是一位男士，肯定在某個時候會有女士問你她看起來怎么樣。對于如何應(yīng)對這個問題，你一定得小心。最好的對策就是給一個誠實但又謹(jǐn)慎的回答，然后借口有急事馬上脫身。相信我，這是最簡單的方法。對于她的這一問題，無論你事先練習(xí)多少次，都不會找到正確答案。其原因是，男性和女性對外表的看法截然不同。大多數(shù)男性對自己外表的評價在七年級時就形成了，而且終生不變。有些男性認(rèn)為自己有不可抗拒的魅力，即使隨著年齡的增長，他們頭發(fā)掉光了，臉上布滿皺紋，他們?nèi)匀痪芙^改變這種看法。我相信，大多數(shù)男性都

36、不會對自己的相貌感到過分自傲。如果他們偶爾想到自己外表的話，他們愿意認(rèn)為自己樣貌中等。長相普通不會使他們有任何煩惱，因為普通就已經(jīng)是很好了。男性不是特別注重自己的外貌，也不會從美學(xué)的角度去審視自己。他們的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子，就像打理自家草坪一樣。對于一位男性來說，如果能花四分鐘刮刮胡子，結(jié)束之后再把粘到頭發(fā)上的剃須膏擦凈，又沒有出血太厲害，他就覺得自己已經(jīng)盡心盡力了。女性可不是這樣看待自己的。如果非要我猜測大多數(shù)女性對自己的相貌是如何評價的話，那肯定是：“還不夠好。”一位女士，無論她看起來多么吸引人，她對自己的看法總是由于受美容業(yè)的影響而蒙著一層陰影。要她認(rèn)為“我很漂亮”是一件難事。她把

37、身體上的極小的不完美之處加以放大，并且幻想這些缺點十分明顯，以至于全世界的人都會注意到并且嘲笑她。Why do women consider their looks so deficient? This chronic insecurity isn't inborn, but created through the interaction of many complex psychological and societal factors, beginning with the dolls we give them as children. Girls grow up playing

38、with dolls proportioned so that, if they were human, they would be seven feet tall and weigh 61 pounds, with tiny thighs and a large upper body. This is an absurd standard to live up to, especially when you consider the size of the doll's waist, a relative measurement physically impossible for a

39、 living human to achieve. Contrast this absurd standard with that presented to little boys with their "action figures". Most of the toys that young boys have played with were weird-looking, like the one called Buzz-Off that was part human, part flying insect. This guy was not a looker, but

40、 he was still extremely self-confident. You could not imagine him saying to the others, "Is this accessory the right shade of violet for this outfit?"But women grow up thinking they need to look like Barbie dolls or girls on magazine covers, which for most women is impossible. Nonetheless,

41、 the multibillion-dollar beauty industry, complete with its own aisle in the grocery store, is devoted to constant warfare on female self-esteem, convincing women that they must buy all the newest moisturizing creams, bronzing powders and appliances that promise to "stimulate and restore"

42、their skin. I once saw an Oprah Show in which supermodel Cindy Crawford dispensed makeup tips to the studio audience. Cindy had all these middle-aged women apply clay masks and other "wrinkle-removing" products to their faces; she stressed how important it was to adhere to the guidelines,

43、like applying products via the tips of their fingers to protect elasticity. All the women dutifully did this, even though it was obvious to any rational observer that, no matter how carefully they applied these products, they would never have Cindy Crawford's face or complexion.為什么女性會把自己的外貌想得這么差

44、呢？這種長期的不安全感并不是與生倶來的，而是由許多復(fù)雜的心理和社會因素的相互作用造成的，從小時候大人們給她們買洋娃娃時就開始了。女孩成長過程中擺弄的洋娃娃，如果按照身材比例還原為真人大小的話，就會是 7 英尺高，61 英磅重，大腿纖細(xì)，上身豐滿。要達(dá)到這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很荒唐的，尤其是當(dāng)我們想想那種洋娃娃的腰圍尺寸，就知道其相對尺寸對任何一個活人來說都是不可企及的。與女孩玩具的這種荒唐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，小男孩們得到的“動作玩偶”卻是完全不同的模樣。大多數(shù)男孩的玩具都樣貌古怪，例如那個叫作“蜜蜂俠”的玩偶，一半像人，一半像會飛的昆蟲。這個玩偶盡管樣子不好看，但仍然非常自信。你肯定無法想象他會問別人說：“這個配

45、飾的紫羅蘭色和這件外套配不配呢？”然而，女性在成長過程中卻認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該長得像芭比娃娃或雜志的封面女郎那樣，這對大多數(shù)女性來說是不可能的。盡管如此，產(chǎn)值達(dá)幾十億美元的美容業(yè)，在超市化妝品銷售專區(qū)的配合下，總是在不停地攻擊著女性的自尊，使其相信自己只有購買最新的保濕面霜、古銅散粉，以及各種美容器具，才能“激發(fā)和恢復(fù)”肌膚活力。我曾經(jīng)看過一期奧普拉脫口秀，在節(jié)目中，超級名模辛迪克勞馥和演播室里的觀眾分享了自己的化妝秘訣。辛迪要求這些中年婦女在臉上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皺產(chǎn)品；她還強調(diào)一定要遵守這些方法，例如：往臉上涂抹這些產(chǎn)品時，要用指尖，這樣可以保護皮膚的彈性。所有這些婦女都非常忠實地按照辛迪說的做

46、了?？墒菍θ魏我粋€理智的旁觀者來說，無論她們?nèi)绾握J(rèn)真地使用這些產(chǎn)品，她們都不可能擁有辛迪那樣的面容或膚色。I'm not saying that men are superior. I'm just saying that you're not going to get a group of middle-aged men to plaster cosmetics to themselves under the instruction of Brad Pitt in hopes of looking more like him. Men don't face t

47、he same societal focus purely on physical beauty, and they're encouraged to reach out to other characteristics to promote their self-esteem. They might say to Brad: "Oh yeah? Well, what do you know about lawn care, pretty boy?"Of course women argue that they become obsessed with appear

48、ance as a reaction to pressure from men. The truth is that most men think beauty is more than just lipstick and perfume and take no notice of these extra details. I have never once, in more than 40 years of listening to men talk about women, heard a man say, "She had gorgeous fingernails!"

49、 To most men, little things like fingernails are all homogeneous anyway, and one woman's flawless pink polish is exactly as invisible as another's bare nails.By participating in this system of extreme conformity, women are actually opening themselves up to the scrutiny of other women, the on

50、ly ones qualified to judge their efforts. What is the real benefit of working this hard to appease men who don't notice when it only exposes women to prosecution from other women?Anyway, to get back to my original point: If you're a man, and a woman asks you how she looks, you can't say

51、she looks bad without receiving immediate and well-deserved outrage. But you also can't shower her with empty compliments about how her shoes complement her dress nicely because she'll know you're lying. She has spent countless hours worrying about the differences between her looks and C

52、indy Crawford's. Also,she suspects that you're not qualified to voice a subjective opinion on anybody's appearance. This may be because you have shaving cream in your hair and inside the folds of your ears.我并不是說男性優(yōu)于女性。我的意思是你不可能讓一群中年男子在布拉德皮特的指導(dǎo)下把化妝品敷到自己臉上，期望自己能看起來更像布拉德。與女性不同，男性的外貌美不是社會所關(guān)注

53、的唯一焦點。人們會鼓勵男性借助其他特征來提升自尊。他們也許會對布拉德說：“是嗎？那么帥哥，你對草坪維護又知道多少？”當(dāng)然，女性會爭辯說她們對外表的熱衷追求是出于對來自男性的壓力的一種反應(yīng)。而事實是，大多數(shù)男性認(rèn)為美麗不僅僅來自于口紅和香水，而且他們也不會去注意這些額外的細(xì)節(jié)。四十多年來，我在聽男性談?wù)撆詴r，從來沒有一次聽到過哪位男性這樣說：“她的指甲真漂亮?。　睂Υ蠖鄶?shù)男性來說，像指甲這樣小的東西看起來都一樣，無論一個女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美無瑕，還是光光的毫無修飾，男性都一概視而不見。女性參與這種極端的從眾行為，實際上是把自己置于其他女性的審視之下，因為只有那些女性才有資格評價她們

54、所付出的努力。但是，如此費力地去取悅男性而他們卻根本不會注意，同時又只是招致其他女性的指責(zé)，這樣做究竟有什么好處呢？不管怎樣，言歸正傳：如果你是一位男性，當(dāng)有女士問你她看起來怎么樣時，你千萬不能說她看起來很糟糕，那樣肯定會使她立刻遷怒于你，這也是你咎由自取。但是，你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之詞，贊美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配，因為她知道你是在說謊。她已經(jīng)花費了無數(shù)個小時發(fā)愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪克勞馥的一樣。而且，也許因為你的頭發(fā)和耳廓上粘著剃須膏，她會懷疑你根本沒有資格對任何人的外表給出主觀評價。Unit 3Fred Smith and FedEx: The&

55、#160;vision that changed the worldEvery night several hundred planes bearing a purple, white, and orange design touch down at Memphis Airport, in Tennessee. What precedes this

56、 landing are package pickups from locations all over the United States earlier in the day. Crews unload the planes' cargo of more than half a million parcels

57、0;and letters. The rectangular packages and envelopes are rapidly reshuffled and sorted according to address, then loaded onto other aircraft, and flown to their destinations 

58、to be dispersed by hand - many within 24 hours of leaving their senders. This is the culmination of a dream of Frederick W. Smith, the founder, president, chief

59、 executive officer, and chairman of the board of the FedEx Corp. - known originally as Federal Express - the largest and most successful overnight delivery service i

60、n the world. Conceived when he was in college and now in its 28th year of operation, Smith's exquisite brainchild has become the standard for door-to-door package

61、0;delivery.Recognized as an outstanding entrepreneur with an agreeable and winning personality, Smith is held in high regard by his competitors as well as his employees and

62、60;stockholders. Fred Smith was just 27 when he founded FedEx. Now, so many years later, he's still the "captain of the ship". He attributes the success the

63、 company simply to leadership, something he deduced from his years in the military, and from his family.Frederick Wallace Smith was born into a wealthy family clan o

64、n August 11, 1944 in Mississippi. His father died when he was just four years old. As a juvenile, Smith was an invalid, suffering from a disease that left 

65、him unable to walk normally. He was picked on by bullies, and he learned to defend himself by swinging at them with his alloy walking stick. Cured of the d

66、isease by the age of 10, he became a star athlete in high school, playing football, basketball, and baseball.弗雷德·史密斯與聯(lián)邦快遞：一個改變了世界的創(chuàng)想每天夜晚，在田納西州的孟菲斯機場，都有幾百架帶著白、紫、桔色圖案的飛機降落。而在每天此前的早些時候，這些飛機都在美國各地收集包裹。工作人員從飛機上卸下的包裹及信件數(shù)量超過五十萬之巨。長方形的包裹和信封又在這里依據(jù)收件地址被迅速整理分揀，然后裝載上其他飛機，飛往各自的目的地，在那兒再由人工投遞到這時很多郵件離開寄件人之手還不到 24 小時。這是弗雷德里克·W·史密斯的終極夢想，他就是聯(lián)邦快遞集團（最初為聯(lián)邦快遞）這一全球最大、最成功的隔夜送達(dá)服務(wù)企業(yè)的創(chuàng)始人、總裁、首席執(zhí)行官及董事會主席。如今，史密斯這一