劍橋商務(wù)英語BEC中級(jí)寫作講義

1、BEC中級(jí)寫作電子講義第一講 BEC寫作概述本課程安排簡介寫作共6次課，第1次講概述。BEC寫作簡介：1 寫作目的與要求1 Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues.2 Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not prevent understanding of the message.3 Can write a simple report.寫作考試共進(jìn)行45分鐘，占

2、總成績的25%，小作文占10分，大作文占20分。更多的報(bào)名信息和成績查詢方法請(qǐng)上網(wǎng)了解： 教育部考試中心2 測(cè)試范圍與選材1、身份介紹(Personal Identification) 2、 工作環(huán)境與日常事務(wù)(The office，general business，environment and routine) 3、接待與閑暇活動(dòng)(Entertainment of clients，free time，relationships with colleagues and clients) 4、商務(wù)旅行(Travel) 5、健康(Health) 6、購買與銷售(Buying and sellin

3、g) 7、公司結(jié)構(gòu)、系統(tǒng)及程序(Company structures，systems，processes) 8、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)(Products and services) 9、成果與成就(Results and achievements)其外，還會(huì)涉及其他的一般商務(wù)話題（Business issues）。3 測(cè)試題型分析An Overview of BEC Vantage WritingPARTFunctions/Communicative TaskInputResponseRegister1Business Correspondence:e.g. giving instructions, ex

4、plaining a development, asking for comments, requesting information, agreeing to requestsRubric only (plus layout of output text type)Note, message, memo or e-mail (40-50 words)Neutral/informal2Correspondence:e.g. explaining, apologising, reassuring, complainingReport:describing, summarisingProposal

5、:describing, summarising, recommending, persuadingOne or more pieces of input from: business correspondence (medium may be letter, fax or e-mail), internal communication (medium may be note, memo, or e-mail), notice, advert, graphs, chart, etc. (plus layout if output is fax or e-mail)Business corres

6、pondence (medium may be letter, fax or e-mail) or short report or proposal (medium may be memo or e-mail) (120-140 words)Neutral/formal題型： 1商務(wù)便條類； 2商務(wù)便函類；3商務(wù)書信類；4. 商務(wù)報(bào)告類注意：BEC不是單純的英語考試，也不是考察商務(wù)知識(shí)。對(duì)策：學(xué)習(xí)、模仿高水平的論文例題解析：l You work for a company which produces laser printersYou are visiting another company

7、，Softcell, to buy some computer software for your departmentThey have expressed an interest in your companys printers and you would like to take twenty brochures and three sample printers with you相關(guān)詞匯：laser, inkjet, projector (Barco), photocopier (Xerox), fax machine, scanner, computer, monitor相關(guān)詞匯：

8、company literature; brochure; leaflet; flyer; white book; data sheet; prospectusl Write a short note to Mr. Jim Asano，the Sales Managerl Asking for his permission to take these itemsl Explaining why you want theml Mentioning the time and date when you want to collect themWrite 40-50 words on your An

9、swer Sheet.便函便條類題目的結(jié)構(gòu)Input: situation descriptionTask: memo, note, email content pointsWrite: internal message (40-50 words)注意：格式；發(fā)揮部分要確切評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)BEC寫作評(píng)分方法級(jí)別第一部分分?jǐn)?shù)5全部完成答題要求l 所有內(nèi)容點(diǎn)都已包括在內(nèi)并在答題要求允許的情況下加以發(fā)揮l 語言規(guī)范、自然；錯(cuò)誤最少，均屬小錯(cuò)。l 多樣化的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和豐富的詞匯量。l 組織效果好，注意前后呼應(yīng)。l 語域和格式完全適當(dāng)。給讀者的印象極佳。9或10分4較好的完成答題要求l 所有內(nèi)容點(diǎn)都處理得不錯(cuò)。l

10、 大體準(zhǔn)確；運(yùn)用復(fù)雜語言時(shí)有錯(cuò)誤。l 結(jié)構(gòu)合理，用詞準(zhǔn)確。l 大體上組織較好，注意邏輯關(guān)系。l 語域和格式總體來說適當(dāng)。給讀者的印象良好。7或8分3尚能達(dá)到答題要求l 所有的主要內(nèi)容點(diǎn)已包括進(jìn)去，遺漏了一些次要的內(nèi)容。l 出現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤，但不妨礙交流。l 結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯掌握范圍適度。l 組織和安排總的來說令人滿意。l 語域和格式尚可，雖然并不完全成功。給讀者的印象較好。5或6分2不能完全達(dá)到答題要求l 遺漏了一些主要的內(nèi)容點(diǎn)或者處理得不充分，可能有些不切題。l 有時(shí)錯(cuò)誤影響清楚交流，錯(cuò)誤較多，使讀者感到迷惑。l 結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯掌握范圍有限。l 內(nèi)容條理不清、不連貫，造成理解困難。l 語域和格式不適當(dāng)。給

11、讀者的印象不佳。3或4分1未能達(dá)到答題要求l 顯著的內(nèi)容遺漏/或大量內(nèi)容不相關(guān)，可能由于對(duì)題目要求的誤解。l 嚴(yán)重不規(guī)范，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)基本錯(cuò)誤。l 題目要求的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯幾乎沒有提到。l 缺乏組織，造成交流失敗。l 幾乎沒有使用適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z域和格式。給讀者的印象極差。1或2分0什么要求也沒達(dá)到。字?jǐn)?shù)少于所需字?jǐn)?shù)的25%，或是完全不能辨認(rèn)或是完全不切題。0分注意：content; accuracy; conciseness【例題】l Christmas is coming. Your company is going to hold the annual Christmas party. As the s

12、ecretary of the general manager, you help arrange the preparation for it.l Write a memo to all employees.l Announcing the planned party.l Welcoming all employees to join it.l Introducing the programs of it.l Mention the time and place that it takes place.l Write 4050 words on your Answer Sheet商務(wù)書信類

13、這一題型要求考生根據(jù)所提供的短文，如書信、傳真、便函、留言條(電話留言條)等，起草一封書信，字?jǐn)?shù)要求達(dá)到120140詞左右。題目結(jié)構(gòu)：Input: 1 situation description 2 task 3 target readerReading: texts in note, letter, fax, memo + content points (handwritten notes; second letter)Write: business letter (120-140 words)注意英美拼寫問題 【例題】l You have organised a production co

14、nference for your company which will be held on 10 October2005. The following is the letter of confirmation you received from the Conference Centre.l Read the letter and fax below, which gives details of the conference.l Then, using all information from the fax, write your letter to John Smith at th

15、e Nuffield Conference Centre, explaining the changes to the arrangements.l Do not include postal addresses.l Write 120-140 words on separate sheet.Dear Conference Organiser,I am writing to confirm the arrangements for the conference.DATE AND TIME: 10th October-10 a.m. to 5 p.m.NUMBER OF GUESTS: 50RO

16、OMS RESERVED 10 a. m. to 12: 30 p.m.CONFERENCE HALL 32 p.m. to 5 p.m.SEMINAR ROOMS 1, 2, and 3CATERING: Coffee-11 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.Lunch-12:30p.m. to 2p.m.Conference Centre RestaurantTea-4 p.m.We look forward to welcoming your company to the Nuffield Conference Centre.Yours faithfully,John Smith To

17、day your Production Manager has sent you the fax below with changes he would like to make to the conference arrangementsFAX Im afraid we have to make some last-minute changes to the arrangements for our production conference.1. Ten more guests have accepted.2. The President wants only one hour for l

18、unch, and just a simple buffet-not seated in the restaurant.The Conference Speaker（Tom Moors）cant come until 2 pm. So he will give his presentation in the afternoon. Can we move the seminars to the morning?Sorry about this!Sam注意：1 不要跑題 2 適當(dāng)發(fā)揮 3 目標(biāo)讀者 4 不要抄襲三種對(duì)策：a 換句型e.g. This rule applies in every ca

19、se. There are no exceptions to the rule. (肯定句變否定句)b 換同義詞e.g. The argumentsput forward by these two authors are nearlythe same.The viewsexpressed by the two writers are almostidentical.c 改詞性e.g. The English language has had a major impact on developing other world languages.Other world languages have

20、 been greatly affected by the English language in their developments.商務(wù)報(bào)告類【例題】 l You recently attended a one-day course on office management. Below is the course programme, with the comments you wrote on it.l Write a short report about the course for your Manager. Include all your comments and say w

21、hether your company should send other staff on this course. Write 120-140 words.l Write on your Answer Sheet. Do not write in capital letters.good, practicalvery general, nothing newOFFICE MANAGEMENT SEMINARField House, London26 May 1999PROGRAMME9.00-10.45Managing people and developing productive Wo

22、rking relationships10.45-11.00Coffee11.00-12.45Planning the day, work-flow, prioritising12.45-1.30Lunch1.30-3.15Problem-solving and decision-making3.15-3.30Tea3.30-5.00Staff appraisal and staff developmentuseful ideasfell asleep!too short to meet peopleRecommend?第二講 BEC寫作的語言、語法、組織和文體評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：級(jí)別第一部分分?jǐn)?shù)第二部

23、分分?jǐn)?shù)5全部完成答題要求l 所有內(nèi)容點(diǎn)都已包括在內(nèi)并在答題要求允許的情況下加以發(fā)揮l 語言規(guī)范、自然；錯(cuò)誤最少，均屬小錯(cuò)。l 多樣化的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和豐富的詞匯量。l 組織效果好，注意前后呼應(yīng)。l 語域和格式完全適當(dāng)。給讀者的印象極佳。9或10分18或20分4較好的完成答題要求l 所有內(nèi)容點(diǎn)都處理得不錯(cuò)。l 大體準(zhǔn)確；運(yùn)用復(fù)雜語言時(shí)有錯(cuò)誤。l 結(jié)構(gòu)合理，用詞準(zhǔn)確。l 大體上組織較好，注意邏輯關(guān)系。l 語域和格式總體來說適當(dāng)。給讀者的印象良好。7或8分14或16分3尚能達(dá)到答題要求l 所有的主要內(nèi)容點(diǎn)已包括進(jìn)去，遺漏了一些次要的內(nèi)容。l 出現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤，但不妨礙交流。l 結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯掌握范圍適度。l 組織

24、和安排總的來說令人滿意。l 語域和格式尚可，雖然并不完全成功。給讀者的印象較好。5或6分10或12分2不能完全達(dá)到答題要求l 遺漏了一些主要的內(nèi)容點(diǎn)或者處理得不充分，可能有些不切題。l 有時(shí)錯(cuò)誤影響清楚交流，錯(cuò)誤較多，使讀者感到迷惑。l 結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯掌握范圍有限。l 內(nèi)容條理不清、不連貫，造成理解困難。l 語域和格式不適當(dāng)。給讀者的印象不佳。3或4分6或8分1未能達(dá)到答題要求l 顯著的內(nèi)容遺漏/或大量內(nèi)容不相關(guān)，可能由于對(duì)題目要求的誤解。l 嚴(yán)重不規(guī)范，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)基本錯(cuò)誤。l 題目要求的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯幾乎沒有提到。l 缺乏組織，造成交流失敗。l 幾乎沒有使用適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z域和格式。給讀者的印象極差。1或2分

25、2或4分0什么要求也沒達(dá)到。字?jǐn)?shù)少于所需字?jǐn)?shù)的25%，或是完全不能辨認(rèn)或是完全不切題。0分0分評(píng)分五個(gè)方面：1 content2 language3 structure & vocabulary4 organisation展開論述上面的5個(gè)方面1 內(nèi)容的完整性2 語言6C原則1準(zhǔn)確(correctness)包括四層意義，即閱讀人能理解、接受的英語水平；使用精確措詞，傳達(dá)準(zhǔn)確信息；正確地使用語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)；拼寫正確。 (1)恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言風(fēng)格 請(qǐng)比較下面兩組例詞： FormalInformal approximately inquire ascertain obtain assist par

26、ticipate construct purchase contribute sufficient difficult utilize AboutAskfind outreceivehelpsharebuildbuygiveenoughharduse (2)準(zhǔn)確的措詞和信息 下面列出的是一系列極易混淆的單詞及詞組，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)分： a lot / allotall right / alright cannot / can not different from / different than . due to / because of effect / affect fewer / less li

27、e / lay principal / principle that /whichtheir / them / they' re wait for / wait onwho / whom (3)正確的語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) (4)正確的拼寫2清楚(Clarity) (1)邏輯布局(Logical Organization) 常用的邏輯布局方法包括： 因果關(guān)系(Cause & Effect)時(shí)間順序(Chronological Development)序列順序(Sequential Development)比較(Comparison)一般到特殊(From General to Speci

28、fic) 特殊到一般(From Specific to General) (2)合理構(gòu)架句群與段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs) 例句： 修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch

29、 offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.(3)統(tǒng)一性與一致性(Unity and Coherence) (4)強(qiáng)調(diào)(Emphasis)位置重復(fù)數(shù)量技巧 (5) 將句中關(guān)系緊密的詞盡量靠近。 比較下面三對(duì)句子：A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.B. He was warned not

30、to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.(6)避免在同一個(gè)句子中使用意義不同的同一個(gè)字。 We shall take a firm line with the firm We shall

31、take a strong line with the film3簡潔(Conciseness)A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad. We have begun to export our machines.B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule. If you speak to Mr. Wood about

32、production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.C .We require furniture which is of the new type. We require new-type furniture.(1) 使用簡潔的語言(Use simple language)盡量使用 避免使用pleasewill you be good enough topreferexpress a preference forbecausefor the reason that(2)少用陳詞濫調(diào)(Omit trite expressions)as t

33、he case may beit has come to my attentionat an early age avail yourself of this opportunity previous to crack of dawn pursuant to your request take the liberty to due to the fact that thanking you in advance enclosed herein this is to inform you under separate cover with kindest regards I wish to st

34、ate(3) 避免冗長的表達(dá)方式和不必要的重復(fù)(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)。 WordyConcise1. We would like toplease2. For the month of Augustfor August3. Pursuant to the end of this weeknow4. A long period of timea long time5. At this timenow6. Is at this timeis7. The weight was higher thanthe weig

35、ht was greater than8. I expected it to beexpected9. During the year of 1995during 199510. For the development offor developing11. In the city of Dallasin Dallas12. The problem was that the car would notthe car would not start start13. Square in shapesquare14. in accordance with your requestyou reque

36、sted15. Sign on the front of this formsign this form16. During the time thatwhile17. Consensus of opinionwe agree18. Remember the fact thatremember19, Held a meetingmet20. this is the situation at this timenow(4)刪改無關(guān)緊要的成份(Remove unneeded facts) A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do,B

37、. For your information we enclose a catalogue.C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.1. as soon as possible by July 102. as you indicated in your letter as you indicated3. at all times always4. at this time now5. continue to utilize the old form untilstart using the new form on Febr

38、uary such time as the new form is available6. despite the fact thatdespite7. for the month of Aprilfor April8. for obvious reason thatbecause9. I would ask that youpleaseI0. in conjunction withwith11. in the mere recent pastrecently12. in the unlikely event thatif13. in the unlikely event that I am

39、unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting be on time, please delay the meeting14. in view of the fact thatbecause15. it will be greatly appreciated if youplease16. our production of the new product willproduction will begin on July 1 commence on July 117. please be advised that we expect you

40、toplease review the contractreview the enclosed contract(5)多使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)以明確表達(dá)意思。Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week Johnsons will pay their accounts next week4具體(Concreteness)(1) 盡可能地提供明確、具體的信息。A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance. These Goodson power brakes

41、 can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible. Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.C. She is a fast typist. She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute.(2) 使用具體詞匯 A. We have no hesitation in advisin

42、g you We advise youB. The preparation of new price scale is in hand. New price scales are being prepared this week.C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,As the request is unusual,a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, le

43、ss5完整(Completeness) 自查：誰(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么時(shí)候(When)? 在哪里(Where)? 為什么(Why)? 怎么樣(How)? 6禮貌(Courtesy) 例如：Dear Mrs. Walters,Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on handYours truly,修改： Dear Mrs. Walters If I had known you

44、r needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock. The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you give us the word.You

45、rs sincerely(1) 使用禮貌友好的詞匯A. 說“Thank you" , 例如:Thank you for your letter of yesterday.Thank you for your prompt reply.Thank you for helping us in this respect.Thank you for your information.(2)體諒對(duì)方的寫作態(tài)度(You-Attitude)Writer emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday.Reader emphasis:You will r

46、eceive your order by Monday, October 10.Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.Reader emphasis:To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.Writer emphasis:I was pleased to hear that the project was completed.Reader emphasis:Congratulations

47、on successfully completing the projectWriter emphasis:We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers.Reader emphasis:A week ago you closed your account with us. Whatever

48、 the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. You are cordially invited to use our 'other services as occasion may require.(3) 措辭得體(Appropriate Wording)a避免采用消極性的詞匯或句式Negative Wording:The office is closed after four O'clock,Positive Wording:The office is open unt

49、il four O'clock.Negative Wording:When I received your complaint, I checked our records.Positive Wording:When I received your letter, I checked our records.Negative Wording:Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred.Positive Wording:The picture was blurred because the V-2 ca

50、ble was not connected to the terminal.Negative Wording:You did not read my recent letter.Positive Wording:Please refer to my June 10th letter.Negative Wording:The Executive Board did not receive notification.Positive Wording:Several members of the Executive Board inquired about the time of our Decem

51、ber meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up?Negative Wording:Your letter was not clear.Positive Wording:I would appreciate anoutline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.b.有失禮貌的言詞We deny your claimcomplaintWe do not believeconfusionWe are not surecontrar

52、yWe find it difficult to understandcontrivanceWe expectdelinquentWe insistdenyWe are forceddisagreeableWe take issueexasperateYou forgotfailureYou neglectedignoranceYou failed toimpatienceYou misunderstoodincompetentYou mustincredibleYou should knowinexcusableYou do not haveinferenceYou are delinque

53、ntinsincereYou insist thatinsinuateYou did not sayinsultingYour ignoringintolerableYour credit refusalirresponsibleYour recent complaintirritatedYour failure tolackYour misunderstandingneglectYour neglectful attitudeobjectionYour disregard forobnoxiousYour insinuationoffensiveYour lack of communicat

54、ionunbelievableYour delinquent accountuncooperative(4)避免使用有性別歧視之嫌的詞語A用“person”代替第三人稱單數(shù)。例如:Instead of:Please share this report with your supervisor. He will find it interesting.Say:Please share this report with your supervisor, who will find it interesting.B有一些常用的商務(wù)英語詞匯有性別歧視之嫌，應(yīng)該稍加改變。 Instead of SayBusinessman workmen Chairman Foremen Salesman Spokesman Stockboy Workman business personemployees/wo