【中考英語精品復(fù)習(xí)資料】語法基礎(chǔ)

1、【中考英語精品復(fù)習(xí)資料】語法基礎(chǔ)-1介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作主語, 狀語，表語，補語或介詞賓語。例如:Most of the students went to the classroom.大部分學(xué)生去了教室。We play basketball on the sports ground.我們在操場上打藍球。介詞常與動詞,形容詞,名詞一起構(gòu)成固定搭配。belong to 屬于 rely on 依靠talk to 同.談話 be afraid

2、of 害怕be strict with對.嚴格介詞一般放在名詞之前。但它后面的介詞賓語是疑問代詞,疑問副詞或者關(guān)系代詞時，這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。Where do you come from?你是哪兒人?Who are you talking to?你在跟誰談話呢?What do you study for?你為了什么而學(xué)習(xí)?介詞在英語詞匯中所占比例很小，但它們的用法卻非常靈活,復(fù)雜。下列為常用介詞及含義:about 關(guān)于,附近,大約,周圍,隨身.I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我買了一本有關(guān)莎士比亞的書。There are abo

3、ut fifteen trees in the picture.圖片里大約有十五棵樹。above 在.上,高出,以上,超過,在.上游.The plane is flying above the clouds.飛機在云上飛行。I think the man is above sixty years old.我想那人有六十多歲了。across 橫過,對面,交叉,在.的對面.Can you swim across the river？你能游過河嗎？We live across the street.我們住在街的對面。after 在.后面,依照.He went home after school.他放

4、學(xué)后就回家了。Read after me, please.請跟我朗讀。against 撞到，靠著,反對,違背,The car hit against the tree.汽車撞了樹。He is standing against the wall.他靠墻站著。along 沿著,順著.They are walking along the river.他們沿著河行走。among 在.當(dāng)中.He is the tallest among them.他是他們當(dāng)中個子最高的。around 在.的周圍,在.那一邊.They sat around the table talking the news.他們繞桌而

5、坐談?wù)撔侣?。There is a drugstore around the corner.拐角處有一家藥店。as 作為.He doesn't like people treat him as a child.他不喜歡人們把他當(dāng)小孩子對待。at 在.時刻,在.點鐘,在.歲時, 向，在.之中，按.速度,值(賣).錢,He always gets up at six in the morning.他時常早上六點鐘起床。He shot at the bird but missed it.他向鳥射擊，但是沒射中。The car goes at eighty miles an hour.汽車以每小

6、時八十公里的速度行駛。before 在.的前面(位置),在.之前(時間)e took a picture before the car.他在汽車前照了張照片。He can't finish his work before supper.晚飯前他完不成工作。behind 在.的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，遲于,晚于(時間)Are there any brooms behind the door.門后有掃帚嗎？All of us are behind him in mathematics.我們數(shù)學(xué)都不如他。below 在.之下,低于,There are four lights below

7、 the ceiling.天花板下面有四盞燈。The murderer run away below the police's eyes.殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了。beside 在.的旁邊,在.之外,與.相比.He found the body by the river.他在河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了尸體。Beside yours， my computer is too slow.與你的計算機速度相比，我的就慢多了。besides 除.之外,We are all here besides Bowe.除鮑外，我們也都來了。between 在.兩者之間,The relations between the

8、two countries has improved since then.兩國的關(guān)系從那以后得到了改善。beyond 在.那邊,The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.你要找的商店在街的那邊，你不會找不到的。but 除去.He has nothing but money.他除錢以外什么都沒有。by 被., 在.的近旁 , 在.之前, 不遲于, 以.為手段。The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室由學(xué)生們打掃干凈了。Miss Lucy cam

9、e to China by air.露西小姐是乘飛機來中國的。down 沿著.望下。She walked down the street.她沿著街道走。during 在.期間,在.時候。During the holiday, we went to the south.我們假期去了南方。except 除.之外。He knows nothing except English.他除英語以外什么都不知道。for 為., 因為., 至于. 。He works for this company.他為這家公司工作。She came back to the classroom for she had left

10、 her books in the classroom.她返回到教室是因為把書留在了那里。?from 從., 來自., 因為.。Where are you from?你是哪里人？He died from an accident.他死于一場事故。in 在., 在.之內(nèi)，從事于., 按照., 穿著.。He was born in 1992.他生于1992年。I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用兩周時間完成這個項目。He spend less time in reading.他讀書時間很少。The man in black jacket is ou

11、r teacher.穿黑夾克的那個人是我們的老師。like 象.，如同.。The twins are like their father.雙胞胎象他們的父親。near 靠近.。There are some flowers near the house.房子附近有一些花。of .的，屬于.。This is a map of China.這是一張中國地圖。off 離開.，在.之外。The young man got off the train quickly.那個年青人很快下了火車。I live in a village a little way off the main road.我住在離大路不

12、遠的一個村莊里。on 在.之上。My book is on the table.我的書在桌子上。out of 從.出來，在.之外。The dog run out of the house.狗從房子里跑出來。outside . 外邊.They are waiting outside the gate.他們在門外等著。over 在.之上，遍于.之上，越過.。There is a light over the desk.桌子上方有盞燈。He is over sixty years old.他有六十多歲。past 越過.，過.，超越.。The students walked past the post

13、 office.學(xué)生們走過了郵局。It is ten past two.現(xiàn)在是兩點十分。round 圍著.，繞過.，在.周圍。We sat round the table.我們圍著桌子坐下。The earth goes round the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。since 自. 以后，自.以來。He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.從他來到大學(xué)后，他的英語有了很大進步。through 經(jīng)過.，穿過.。They went through the forest.他們穿過了森林。throughout

14、 遍及.，在各處。The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.警察搜山尋找犯人。till 直到.，在.以前。He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.他直到十一點鐘才回來。We'll be home till six.六點以前我們都會在家。to 到.，向.，趨于。How long is it from here to the station？從這兒到車站有多遠？under 在.之下，低于。There are some footballs under the

15、 bed.床底下有幾顆足球。These students are under seventeen years old.這些學(xué)生們不到十七歲。until 直到，在.以前，Please wait for us until we come back.請等著我們回來。It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.直到上周，我才交了數(shù)學(xué)論文。up 在.上面，在.上。He went up the stairs.他上了樓梯。upon 在.之上，迫近.。It's not polite to look down upon hi

16、m.蔑視他是不禮貌的。within 在.之內(nèi)。You must finish the work within two weeks.你必須兩周內(nèi)完成這項工作。without 沒有，不，在.之外。We can't do it better without your help.沒有你的幫助，我們就做不好。We couldn't live without air and water.沒有空氣和水，我們就不可能生存?！緵_擊2010年中考英語精品復(fù)習(xí)資料】語法基礎(chǔ)-2冠詞是一種虛詞,用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面,表示名詞是特指還是泛指。冠詞可分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種形式。 不定冠詞有 a, a

17、n。 定冠詞有 the. 其中, a 用在發(fā)音以輔音開頭的名詞之前, 而 an 則 用在 發(fā)音以元音開頭的名詞之前。不定冠詞的用法:1) 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個,經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞起介紹作用，表示一個。I gave him a book yesterday.我昨天給了他一本書。I am reading an interesting story .我在讀一本有趣的故事書。I have got a ticket.我有一張票。There is a tree in front of my house.我的屋前有一棵樹。2) 表示人或事物的某一種類, 強調(diào)整體, 即以其

18、中的一個代表一類。A horse is useful to mankind.馬對人類有用。A bird can fly.鳥會飛。A steel worker makes steel.煉鋼工人煉鋼。3) 不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時間, 速度, 價格等意義的名詞之前,表示 "每一"。We often go to school two times a day.我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。I went to the library once a week at least.我一星期至少去一次圖書館。The potato is sold at about 30

19、 fen a jin.土豆賣三毛錢一斤。4) 不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。A boy came to see you a moment ago.剛才有一個小孩來找你。I got this tool in a shop.我在商店買的這件工具。We need a car now.我們現(xiàn)在需要一輛車。She is ill, she has to see a doctor.她病了，她得去看病。5) 不定冠詞用于某些詞組。a few 幾個 a little 有點She has a few friends in this city.她在這個城市中有幾個朋友。There is a l

20、ittle milk in the bottle.瓶子里有點牛奶。Only a few students are in the classroom.只有幾個學(xué)生在教室里。定冠詞的用法。1) 定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。The bag in the desk is mine.桌子里的書包是我的。Is this the book you are looking for?這是你要找的書嗎?Do you know the man in back?你知道穿黑色衣服的人是誰嗎？It is not the car we are looking for.這不是我們要找的

21、車。The man has found his child.那個人找到了他的孩子。2) 定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.我從新華書店買了一本書. 這本書值十五元。I saw a film yesterday.The film was ended at eight o'clock.我昨天看了一場電影。電影八點鐘結(jié)束的。Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with th

22、e radio.露西昨天買了一臺收音機，但是她發(fā)現(xiàn)收音機有問題。3) 定冠詞用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。the sunthe moonthe earththe skythe worldthe winter nightThe sun is bigger than the moon.太陽比月亮大。I can see a bird in the sky.我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。4) 定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,表示這一

23、類人或物。The dog is not too danger.狗不太危險。The cat is an animal.貓是一種動物。The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.這個季節(jié)商店里的雨傘很便宜。5) 定冠詞與某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化, 表示某一類人。the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf.The wounded were brought to the hospital.受傷者被送到了醫(yī)院。He always helps the poor.他經(jīng)常幫助窮人。

24、The deaf can go to this special school.耳聾者可以進這所特殊學(xué)校上學(xué)。6) 用在序數(shù)詞, 形容詞最高級和表示方位的名詞前。This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.這是我在中國參觀的最大的城市。I saw a plane coming from the east.我看見一架飛機從東方飛來。He is the last one to help me.他不會來幫助我的。7) 定冠詞用在演奏樂器的名稱和文藝活動,運動場所的名稱前。The little girl likes to play the

25、violin.小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。They are going to the cinema tonight.他們今晚要去影院看電影。The theater was on fire last week.劇院昨天著火了。8) 定冠詞用在報刊,雜志的名稱的名詞之前。I am reading the China Daily now.我現(xiàn)在正讀中國日報。Have you got the Evening Paper yet?你拿到晚報了嗎?The Times is a foreign newspaper.泰晤士報是一家外國報紙。The Peking Review is on the desk.北京周報在桌

26、子上放著。9) 定冠詞用在江河,海洋,山脈,群島的名稱之前。We live near the Yellow River.我們住在黃河邊上。The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.長江是中國最大的河。The Himalayas is located in Tibet.喜馬拉雅山位于西藏。10) 定冠詞用在姓名復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示一家人。The Greens is very kind to us.格林一家人待我們很好。The Whites like the classic music.懷特一家喜歡古典音樂。不用冠詞的場合。1) 專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞之前一般不用冠詞。Ch