全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題（五）

1、全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題（五）材料題（江南博哥）根據(jù)以下材料，回答1-20題In 1942, the HMS Edinburgh was sunk in the Barents Sea.It was on its 21 back to Britainwith ninety-one boxes of Russian gold. 22 thirty-nine years it lay there, too deep for divers to 23 .No one was allowed to explode it, e

2、ither, since the bodies of sixty of the crew also lay inthe 24 .Then, in 1981, an ex-diver called Jessop decided to try using new diying techniques. 25 he could not afford to finance the 26 which was going to cost four million pounds, hehad to look for people who were&#

3、160;27 to takethe risk. 28 , they were not even sure the goldwas going to be there! First a Scottish diving company, then a German shipping company agreedto join in the retrieval 29 .Not long after that, Jessop30 a fourth company to take a 31 .Since the gold w

4、as the 32 of the British and the soviet governments, they both hopedto make a 33 , too! The biggest problem was how to get 34 thegold.Fortunately, theywere able to examine the Edinburgh's sister ship, the HMS Belfast, to 35 out the exact locationof the bom

5、b room, 36 the gold was stored.They knew it was to be an extremely difficult and dangerous undertaking.to reach the gold,they would have to cut a large square 37 the body of the ship, go through the empty fuel tankand down tothe bomb room.After twenty-eight dives, they 38

6、60;to find the first bar.Everyoneworked 39 the clock, helping to clean and stack the gold, 40 as to finish the job as quick-ly as possible.1 單選題A.road  B.path  C.way  D.passage正確答案：C參考解析：C road道路；path小路，小徑；way路；passage通道，過道。這四個詞都有道路的含義，但只有w

7、ay可用于固定搭配Oil ones way to，表示“在去的路上”。在此句中，0n its way back to Britain意為“在巡洋艦返回英國的路上”，故選C。2 單選題A.During  B.For  C.At  D.Since正確答案：B參考解析：B這四個介詞都可以用來表示時間，但用法卻不盡相同。during在期間，當(dāng)之時，用來表示一段時間；for持續(xù)達(dá)，計(jì)，后面常跟具體的時間段，如：for five mont

8、hs；at在時刻，通常指時間的某一點(diǎn)，如at eight oclock；since自從之后，要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。根據(jù)旬意“這艘巡洋艦三十九年以來就一直沉于海底”可知，此處需要一個表示時間段的介詞，且能夠與“三十九年”搭配，只有fbr符合要求，故選B。3 單選題A.find  B.discover  C.dive  D.reach正確答案：D參考解析：D find找到；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；dive潛水；reach到達(dá)。根據(jù)前文句意可  知，此處想要表達(dá)的意思是“到達(dá)”，too

9、 deep for divers to reach意為“(沉船的位置)太深以至于潛水員無法到達(dá)”，故選D。4 單選題A.wreck  B.ruin  C.relic  D.waste正確答案：A參考解析：A wreck沉船，遇難船；ruin廢墟，遺跡；relic遺體，遺物；waste荒原，荒蕪之地。根據(jù)前文可知，“英國皇家海軍愛丁堡號”巡洋艦于1942年在巴倫支海沉沒，由此可推斷出該句中六十具船員的尸骸所在的位置應(yīng)在沉船內(nèi)，故選A。5 單選題A.Altho

10、ugh  B.Unless  C.As  D.If正確答案：C參考解析：C although盡管，雖然；unless除非，如果不；as由于，因?yàn)?；if如果。根據(jù)上下文“他無法獨(dú)自承擔(dān)搜索所需的四百萬英鎊，不得不尋找愿意承擔(dān)風(fēng)險的人?！笨芍@里需要表示原因的連接詞，故選C。6 單選題A.research  B.operation  C.movement  D.search正確答案：D參考解析：D research研究，探討；0peration操作

11、；movement移動；search搜索，探查。由全文可知，這次潛水尋找黃金是一次搜索任務(wù)，只有search可表示“搜索，探查”，符合文意，故選D。7 單選題A.willing  B.luckly  C.committed  D.engaged正確答案：A參考解析：A willing愿意的；lucky幸運(yùn)的；committed忠誠的，堅(jiān)定的；engaged忙的，從事的。be willing to do stll表示“愿意做某事”，be will.ing t

12、o take the risk表示“愿意承擔(dān)風(fēng)險”，符合文意，故選A。8 單選題A.All in all  B.In addition C.In case  D.After all正確答案：D參考解析：D allin all總之；in addition除此之外，另外；in case以防；after all畢竟。根據(jù)前文所述杰索普需要幫他承擔(dān)風(fēng)險的人，可推斷此處應(yīng)緊接著解釋這個風(fēng)險是什么，也就是“畢竟，他們還

13、不確定黃金是否還在那里?！?，故選D。9 單選題A.assignment  B.temptation  C.attempt  D.commission正確答案：D參考解析：D assignment工作，任務(wù)；temptation引誘；attempt嘗試，試圖；com-mission委任，委托。assignment與commission都可以表示一項(xiàng)任.務(wù)，但assignment側(cè)重于表示分配、指派的任務(wù)，而commission可以表示委托完成的任務(wù)。根據(jù)上下文，杰索普需要說服一些公司加入這次搜索任務(wù)，因此用“委托”這

14、些公司完成任務(wù)更為貼切，故選D。10 單選題A.introduced  B.persuaded  C.associated  D.stimulated正確答案：B參考解析：B introduce介紹；persuade說服；associate聯(lián)合；stimulate激勵。由于前文中提到這項(xiàng)任務(wù)資金不夠且有風(fēng)險，可以推斷出此處想要表達(dá)的是“勸說，說服”一些公司來投資和加入搜索任務(wù)；stimulate sb to do sth表示“激勵某人去做某事”，與文意不符；其余兩項(xiàng)的用法分別

15、是：introduce sb to sth介紹某人嘗試某物；associatesbsth with把某人某物與聯(lián)系起來；A、C、D均不符合文意，故選B。11 單選題A.chance  B.look  C.measure  D.choice正確答案：A參考解析：A chance機(jī)會；look看；measure測量，措施；choice選擇。根據(jù)前文提示，杰森普需要尋找愿意承擔(dān)風(fēng)險的人，可以推斷出此處表示杰森普說服了第四家公司來承擔(dān)風(fēng)險。take a chanc

16、e為固定搭配，表示“冒險”，等同于前文中提到的take the risk。take a look表示“看一看”；measure和choice均不與take搭配，且與文意不符，  故選A。12 單選題A.business  B.estate  C.obligation  D.property正確答案：D參考解析：D business生意，事務(wù)；estate地產(chǎn)，財(cái)產(chǎn)；0bligation義務(wù)，責(zé)任；property財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)。根據(jù)旬意可知，此處要表達(dá)的是這些

17、黃金是英國和蘇聯(lián)的財(cái)產(chǎn)。從四個選項(xiàng)的詞義可排除A，C兩項(xiàng)。estate和property都有財(cái)產(chǎn)的意思。但property側(cè)重于指金錢上的財(cái)產(chǎn)，如：Some of the stolen property was found in Masonshouse.(在梅森的房子里找到了一些被盜的財(cái)物。)而estate側(cè)重于指地產(chǎn)，如：He owns a large estate in Scotland.(他在蘇格蘭有大量地產(chǎn)。)根據(jù)上下文可知property較為合適

18、，故選D。13 單選題A.profit  B.benefit  C.success  D.welfare正確答案：A參考解析：A profit益處，收益；benefit益處，好處；Success成功；welfare福利。inake a profit表示獲利，為固定搭配。四個選項(xiàng)只有profit可與make搭配。benefit表示獲利時，用其固定搭配benefit fromby，success可用于固定搭配make a success of sth

19、，表示“獲取成功，取得成就”，welfare常用于welfare services表示“福利事業(yè)”。本句話意思為“這兩個國家都希望能夠從中獲利?！惫蔬xA。14 單選題A.about  B.around  C.to  D.from正確答案：C參考解析：C get about四處走動，旅行；get around勸服(某人)，應(yīng)付(某問題)；get to到達(dá)；沒有g(shù)et from這個搭配。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“最大的難題是如何到達(dá)黃金所在的位置?！惫蔬xC。15 

20、單選題A.get  B.take  C.work  D.try正確答案：C參考解析：C get out逃離；take out取出，除掉；work out設(shè)法弄明白；try out試用。根據(jù)全文可知搜索團(tuán)的任務(wù)是尋找黃金，由此可推斷出他們檢查“愛丁堡號”的姐妹船“貝爾法斯特號”的目的是為了弄清楚黃金儲藏地彈藥房的確切位置，故選C。16 單選題A.which  B.where  C.here  D.there正確答案：B

21、參考解析：B此空要填非限定性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分做進(jìn)一步說明，通常有引導(dǎo)詞，且和主句問用逗號隔開。例如：The southern states wanted to set up a countryof their own，where they would be free to keep black slaves.(南方各州要建立一個屬于他們自己的國家，在那里他們將自由地保留黑人奴隸

22、。)由于前面的先行詞the bomb room表示地點(diǎn)，所以此處需要一個表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞where，整個非限定性定語從句修飾bomb room，表示彈藥房就是黃金所在地，故選B。17 單選題A.on  B.ill  C.among  D.along正確答案：A參考解析：A on在上，in在里面，among處在中，along沿著。該旬意思是：為了找到黃金，他們需要在船身上切割一個大的正方形，故選A。18 單選題A.managed  B.achieved&#

23、160; C.succeeded  D.fulfilled正確答案：A參考解析：A manage處理事務(wù)，設(shè)法做到；achieve獲得；succeed成功；fulfill實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知，經(jīng)過二十八次潛水，搜索隊(duì)終于設(shè)法找到了第一個金錠。manage to do sth表示“設(shè)法做成某事”。其余三項(xiàng)雖然都含有成功做成某事之意，但均不能用于此搭配，故選A。19 單選題A.before  B.by  C.with  D.round正確答案：D參考解析：D根據(jù)

24、后面的“to finish the job as quickly as possible”可知人們想盡  快完成這項(xiàng)工作，由此可推知此處想要表達(dá)的是“抓緊時間工作”，work round the clock為固定搭配，表示“全天候工作、沒日沒夜地工作”，故選D。20 單選題A.that  B.much  C.far  D.so正確答案：D參考解析：D so as to意思為“以

25、便，為了”。在這里做目的狀語，解釋全天候工作的原因。so as to finish the job as quickly as possible，意思是“以便盡快完成這項(xiàng)工作?！惫蔬xD。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答21-25題Competition for admission to the country's top private schools has always been tough, but this year Elisabeth realized it had reached a new

26、level.Her wake-up call came when a man called the Dalton School in Manhattan, where Elisabeth is admissions director, and inquired about the age cutoff for their kindergarten program.After providing theinformation, she asked about the age of his child.The man paused for an uncomfortably long time be

27、fore answering."Well, we don't have a child yet.We're trying to figure out when toconceive a child so the birthday is not a problem."Worries are spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country.Precise current data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews with represen

28、tatives of independent schools all told thesame story:an oversupply of applicants, higher rejection rates."We have people calling us for spots two years down the road," said Marilyn of the Seven Hills School in Cincinnati."We havegrandparents calling for pregnant daughters." Publ

29、ic opinion polls indicate that Americans' No.1 concern is education.Now that the long economic boom has given parents more disposableincome, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well over $10,000 a year."We're getting applicants from a broader area geographically t

30、han we ever have in the past," saidBetsy of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in applications this year.The problem for the applicants is that while demand has increased, supply has not."Every year, there are a few children who do not find places, but thi

31、s year, for the first time that I know of, thereare a significant number without places," said Elisabeth.So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old an edge? Schools know there is no easy way to pick a class when children are so young.Many schools give preference to children of their gradua

32、tes.Some make the choice by drawing lots.But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best identify developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicantsin classroom settings.They also want a diverse'mix.Children may e

33、nd up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays fall at the wrong time of year, or because too many applicants were boys.The worst thing a patent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform-for example, by pushing them to read or do math exercises before they're ready.Instead, the exper

34、ts say, parents should take a breath and look for alternatives.Another year in preschoolmay be all that's needed.21 單選題 From this text we learn that it is .A.harder to make a choice between public and private schools.B.harder to go

35、 to private schools this year than before.  C.more difficult to go to public schools than to private schools.D.as difficult to go to private schools this year a

36、s before.正確答案：B參考解析：B該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Competition for admission tothe countrys top private schools has always been tough，but thisyear Elisabeth realized it had reached a new level.”可知，進(jìn)入國家的頂級私立學(xué)校的

37、競爭一直以來都很激烈，但是今年伊麗莎白發(fā)現(xiàn)這種競爭達(dá)到了一個新的水平。由此可知，今年想進(jìn)入私立學(xué)校比往年更加困難，而不是跟往年一樣困難，故選B。22 單選題 The sentence“We have peopledown the road”(Line 4，Paragraph 2)probably meansA.we have people calling US for parking space two years ahead of time.B.peop

38、le called US for permission to use the places two years a90.C.we received calls from people down the road two years a90.D.people called US for school vacancies two&#

39、160;years in advance.正確答案：D參考解析：D該題為釋義題。根據(jù)后一句“We have grandparents calling forpregnant daughters.”可知，有些家長會提前向私立學(xué)校咨詢孩子入學(xué)的事情。因此可以推知“We have people calling US for spotstwo years down the road.”意為“有人提前兩年就打電話咨詢學(xué)校是否會有名額?！?/p>

40、，故選D。23 單選題 The text indicates that private schools are very selective because theyA.have no reliable methods to pick students for a class.B.want a good mixture of boys and girls for classes.C.encount

41、er more demand than they can cope with.D.prefer to enroll children of their relatives.正確答案：C參考解析：C該題為推理題。根據(jù)第三段“The problem for the applicants isthat while demand has increased，supply ha

42、s not.”可知申請私立學(xué)校的人數(shù)在增加，但私立學(xué)校的招生名額卻沒有增加。接著第四段詳細(xì)講了一些私立學(xué)校如何選擇學(xué)生。由此可推斷，私立學(xué)校對學(xué)生如此精挑細(xì)選的原因在于有太多的學(xué)生申請，他們不得不通過各種方法來選擇學(xué)生。選項(xiàng)A與文章的意思有所出入，第四段第二句“Schools know there is no easy way topick a class when children are so young.”可知學(xué)校認(rèn)為選擇學(xué)生沒有簡單的方法

43、，并不是如A項(xiàng)所表示的選擇的方法不可靠。選項(xiàng)8是某些學(xué)校選擇生源的方法，即男女比例協(xié)調(diào)，由此可知A、B兩項(xiàng)不能作為學(xué)校精心選擇學(xué)生的原因。選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及，故選C。24 單選題 From the text，we can infer that the authorA.favors the idea of putting children on a waiting list.B.agrees to test preschoolers cognit

44、ive potentials.C.thinks children should be better prepared academicallyD.disapproves of the undue pressure on preschoolers.正確答案：D參考解析：D該題為態(tài)度題。由最后一段的第一句“The worst thing a parentcall do is to press

45、ure preschoolers to perform-for example.bypushing them to read or do math exercises before theyre ready.”可知作者認(rèn)為強(qiáng)迫學(xué)齡前兒童學(xué)習(xí)是父母做的最糟糕的事。由此可推斷出作者反對給學(xué)齡前兒童過度的壓力，故選D。25 單選題 Which of the following Can serve as a title of this text

46、?A.Hard Time for the PreschoolersB.Prosperity of Private SchoolsC.The Problem for Public SchoolsD.Americanss N0 1 Concern正確答案：A參考解析：A該題為主旨題。全文主要講述兒童進(jìn)入頂級私立學(xué)校困難，名額少，學(xué)校篩選過程謹(jǐn)慎，許多父母都在提早為學(xué)齡前孩子做準(zhǔn)備。選項(xiàng)A“學(xué)齡前兒童的艱難時代”符合文意；選項(xiàng)B“私立學(xué)校的繁榮興旺”，只是涉及文

47、章的部分內(nèi)容，文章主旨圍繞的是學(xué)生申請私立學(xué)校困難這一現(xiàn)象，而不是私立學(xué)校本身；選項(xiàng)C“公立學(xué)校的難題”，而文中并沒有提到；選項(xiàng)D“美國人最關(guān)注的問題”即教育，涉及教育方面的內(nèi)容有很多，本文談?wù)摰膬H僅是其中一方面，該說法過于寬泛，B.C、D均不符合文意，故選A。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答26-30題William Shakespeare described old age as" second childishness"-no teeth, no eyes, no taste.In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, h

48、ave been more perceptive than he realised.A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimers's Disease in Italy, shows that frontotemporal dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression,if not to infancy,t

49、hen at least to a patient's teens.Frontotemporal dementia, a disease usually found with old people, is caused, as its namesuggests, by damage to the front and sides of the brain.These regions are concerned with speech,and with such" higher" functions as abstract thinking and judgment.T

50、wo of such patients intrigued Dr Frisoni.One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year-old housewife.Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated withfrontotemporal dementiaa diagnosis that was confmned by brain scanning.About two years after he was first diagnosed,

51、the lawyer, once a classical music lover who referred to pop music as"mere noise", started listening to the Italian pop band "883".As his com-mand of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continued tolisten to the band at full volume for ma

52、ny hours a day.The housewife had not even had the lawyer'slove of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past.But about a year afterher diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old grand daughter was listening to.This kind of change in musical ta

53、ste was not seen in any of the Alzheimer's patients, and thusappears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia.And other studies have remarked onhow frontotemporal-dementia patients sometimes gain new talents.Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known.And in another cas

54、e, one woman with the disease suddenly started com-posing and singing country and western songs.Dr Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novelexperiences, Previous studies of novelty-seeking behaviour suggest that it is managed by the brain'sfigh

55、t frontal lobe.A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to thelatter, might thus lead to a quest for new experience.Alternatively, the damage may have affectedsome specific nervous system that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music.Whether that is again or a l

56、oss is a different matter.As Dr Frisoni puts it in his article, there is no accounting fortaste.26 單選題 The writer quotes Shakespeare mainly toA.praise the keen perception of the great English writer.B.support Dr.Frisonis theory about&#

57、160;a disease.C.start the discussion on a brain disease.D.show the long history of the disease.正確答案：C參考解析：C該題為細(xì)節(jié)加推理題。第一段第一句話莎士比亞把老年階段比做“第二次孩子氣”沒有牙，視力差，失去味覺。接著整篇文章談?wù)摿艘环N跟音樂品味有關(guān)的大腦疾病額顳癡呆癥。由此可知，作者引用莎士比亞的一句話只是為了引出后文，即start   

58、discussion on a brain disease，故選C。27 單選題 The word“regression”in the l st paragraph is best replaced byA.backward movement.B.unconlled incfination.C.rapid advancement.D.unexpected restoration.正確答案：A參考解析：A該題為釋義題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“if not to infan

59、cy，then atleast to a patients teens.”可知額顳癡呆癥可以在某種程度上引起音樂品味的退化，即便不是退到嬰兒期，也至少會退到病人十幾歲時，故選A。28 單選題 After contracting frontotemporal dementia.the 68-year-old lawyerA.became more dependent on his family.B.grew fond of classical

60、60;music.C.recovered from language incompetence.D.enjoyed loud Italian popular music.正確答案：D參考解析：D該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“About two years after he Wasfirst diagnosed，the lawyer，once a classical music lover who 

61、;referred to pop music asmere noise，started listening to the ItalianpoP band883.”以及第二句“he continued to listen to the bandat full volume for many hours a day.”可知，在這位68歲的律師患有額顳癡呆癥后，本來只熱愛古

62、典音樂而把流行音樂比作“純粹噪音”的他開始聽意大利流行樂隊(duì)“883”的歌，而且把音量放到最大，每天持續(xù)聽數(shù)小時，可知他享受意大利流行音樂，故選D。29 單選題 Frontotemporal dementia is a diseaseA.identified with loss of memory.B.causing damage to certain parts of the brain.C.whose patients may dev

63、elop new talents.D.whose symptoms are similar to those of Alzheimers patients.正確答案：C參考解析：C該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Both had undamaged memories，but displayed the sorts of defect”可知額顳癡呆癥患者的記憶都沒有受損，選項(xiàng)A不符合文意；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Fronto

64、-temporal dementia，a disease usually found、with old people，iscaused，as its name suggests，by damage to the front and sides ofthe brain.”可知，額顳癡呆癥是由大腦前部和側(cè)面的損壞引起的，而選項(xiàng)B.表達(dá)的意思是額顳癡呆癥會引起大腦某些部分的損毀，與文章原意因果顛倒；根據(jù)第五段第一句“This

65、0;kind of change inmusical taste Was not seen in any of the Alzheimers patients，andthus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporai dementia.”可知，阿爾茨海默氏病患并沒有出現(xiàn)這種音樂品味的變化，僅僅是那些患有額顳癡呆的病患

66、有這樣的癥狀，選項(xiàng)D所述額顳癡呆的癥狀與阿爾茨海默氏病癥狀相似的說法是錯誤的；根據(jù)第五段第二句“And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal-de-mentia patients sometimes gain new mlents.”可知，有研究表明額顳癡呆癥有可能使患者獲得新的才能，故選c。30 單選題 Dr Frisoni attributed the patientschanging mu

67、sic taste toA.mans desire to seek novel expefience.B.the damage to the left part of the brain.C.the shift of predominance from the fight lobe to the left.D.the weakening of

68、60;some part of the nervous system.正確答案：D參考解析：D該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。該題可使用排除法。根據(jù)最后一段第三句和第四句“A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe，causedby damage to the latter，might thus lead to a qu

69、est for new experience.Alternatively，the damage may have affected some specificnervous system that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music.”可知由于左側(cè)額葉的損傷，右側(cè)額葉會占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，這樣導(dǎo)致了病患對新體驗(yàn)的追求?；蛘?，左側(cè)額葉的損傷可能會影響到一些控

70、制音樂品味的特定的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。所以，作者將病患音樂品味的變化歸結(jié)為左側(cè)額葉受損所導(dǎo)致一些控制音樂品味的特定神  經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的損壞。選項(xiàng)A“人們追求新體驗(yàn)的渴望”并不是患者音樂品味變化的原因；選項(xiàng)B將原因歸結(jié)為大腦左半邊的損壞，與文章中所述左側(cè)額葉受損不符；選項(xiàng)C將原因歸結(jié)為占主導(dǎo)地位的由右側(cè)額葉轉(zhuǎn)為左側(cè)額葉，與文中提到的因左側(cè)額葉受損，而右側(cè)額葉占主導(dǎo)地位不符，A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不符合文意，故選D。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-35題Who's to blame? The trail of responsibility goes beyond poor maintenanc

71、e of British railways,say industry critics.Stingy governments both Labor and tory have cut down on investments intrains and rails.In the mid-1990s a Conservative government pushed through the sale of the entiresubsidy-guzzling rail network.Operating franchises were parceled out among private companies anda separate firm, Railtrack, was awarded ownership of the track