倒裝(英語語法倒裝句)

1、倒裝&前置v倒裝v通常，句子的主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞之前，這種語序被稱為正常語序(Normal Order)。如果句子的謂語動(dòng)詞位于主語之前，這種語序就被稱作倒裝語序(Inverted Order)。倒裝語序有兩種：全部倒裝，即將整個(gè)謂語置于主語之前；部分倒裝，即只將謂語的一部分（通常是助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）移到主語前面。還有一種情況，就是句子的主謂順序沒有改變，但是句子中某一成分提前了（通常是賓語、表語或狀語），這種情況通常被稱為前置。例如：vIn one corner of the room stands（謂語） a bookcase（主語）. (全部倒裝)vNever before hav

2、e（謂語） I （主語）heard（謂語） such a thing. (部分倒裝)vWhat lovely weather（表語） it（主語） is（動(dòng)詞）! (表語前置)v1.語法倒裝 由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要進(jìn)行倒裝v1）疑問句中的倒裝 Is she in favor of the plan or against it? How long have you been learning English?注意：如特殊疑問句的疑問詞提問的是主語，則仍用正常語序。 Who beat Tom yesterday? Which bike is yours?v2）there be (或there+其它連系

3、動(dòng)詞)的倒裝 There are a lot of people in the hall. There stands a weather station at the top of the hill.v3）省略if的虛擬條件句中的倒裝（參見“虛擬語氣”部分） Had they been given more help, they would have succeeded. Were it fine tomorrow, we would go on a picnic.v4）在here, there, now, then引導(dǎo)的句子中，謂語是be, come, go等動(dòng)詞時(shí)的倒裝。這類句子大都帶有引

4、起注意的含義。 Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. Now comes your turn. Then came the order to take off. 起飛的命令來了。注意，如果主語是人稱代詞則不用倒裝，比較：1 There comes the postman. There he comes.2 Here are the books you want. Here they are.v5）在so, nor, neither開頭的句子中的倒裝 I went to see a movie last night. So di

5、d my sister and brother. Tom doesnt like bananas. Nor does his wife. If you wont go, neither will I.v6）語法上要求的前置va) 在感嘆句中的前置 How beautiful this dress is! (表語前置) What a lovely picture he has painted! (賓語前置)vb) 在“the more, the more”結(jié)構(gòu)中的前置 The sooner you give up smoking (狀語前置), the healthier you will be

6、come (表語前置). The more books one reads (賓語前置), the more knowledge he has (賓語前置). vc) 在疑問詞或連接詞whether等引導(dǎo)的從句中的前置 I dont know who he is. (賓語從句中的表語前置) Whatever advice you may offer, it will be of value to us. (狀語從句中的賓語前置) You can hardly imagine how fast he drives. (賓語從句中狀語前置) What books he wants is not c

7、lear. (主語從句中賓語前置)v2.修辭倒裝 修辭倒裝，即由于修辭需要而產(chǎn)生的倒裝v1）當(dāng)“only+狀語”用于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用倒裝；如果不在句首，則用正常語序。 1 Only in this way can you solve this problem. (倒裝) You can solve this problem only in this way. (正常) 2 Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake. (倒裝) We realized that there w

8、as a mistake only when we had studied the data again. (正常)v2）含有否定意義的副詞或詞組，用于句首，充當(dāng)狀語時(shí)，要用倒裝。 如：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, not until, by no means, under no circumstances等，以及含有否定意義的關(guān)連詞如：not onlybut also, neithernor, no soonerthan, hardlywhen等，位于句首也要倒裝。1 Never shall I forget this lesson. (倒裝)

9、 I shall never forget this lesson. (正常)2 Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also he was a poet. (倒裝) Churchill was not only a statesman, but also he was a poet. (正常)v3）在as和be引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，要用倒裝語序1 Tired as he was, he continued to work. (倒裝) Though he was tired, he continued to work. (正常)2 Try as he

10、 might, he could not fulfill the task alone. (倒裝) Although he might try, he could not fulfill the task alone. (正常)3 Everybody must obey the law, be he a common citizen or a high ranking official. (倒裝) Everybody must obey the law, whether he is a common citizen or a high ranking official. (正常)v4）當(dāng)“so

11、/suchthat”結(jié)構(gòu)中的“so”，“such”用于句首加強(qiáng)語氣時(shí)，要用倒裝 So angry was he (= He was so angry) that he couldnt speak. Such was the force of the explosion (= The force of the explosion was such) that all the windows were broken.v5）為了生動(dòng)地描寫動(dòng)作，在in, out, away, up, down, off等副詞開頭的句子里常用倒裝 Up went the rocket into the air. Fol

12、lowing a roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.v6）主語較長，為了使句子平衡而使用倒裝 Gone are the days when China had to depend on foreign oil. 中國依賴外國石油的日子一去不復(fù)返了。v7）為了使句子和上文銜接的更緊密而使用倒裝 (There is a gate to the south of Tian An Men Square.) Facing the gate is the Monument to the Peoples Heroes. (天安門廣場的難面有一個(gè)城門

13、。)面對著城門的是人民英雄紀(jì)念碑。 (He found a table in one corner of the room.) Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. (他發(fā)現(xiàn)房間的一個(gè)角落里有一張桌子。)桌子下面躺著一個(gè)半昏迷的年輕人。v8）在賓語從句是直接引語的句子中，若整體或部分直接引語置于主句前面時(shí)，主謂要倒裝。 “Help! Help!” shouted the boy. (倒裝) “I am sure,” said Jack, “you are right.” (倒裝)注意，如果主語是人稱代詞，則仍用正常語序： “

14、What do you want?” he asked. 如果作為賓語從句的直接引語位于主句之后，則仍用正常語序。例如： The boy shouted, “Help! Help!” Jack said, “Im sure you are right.” He asked, “What do you want?”v9）修辭中出現(xiàn)的前置 修飾前置一般有兩個(gè)目的：強(qiáng)調(diào)和銜接。修辭中所出現(xiàn)的前置主要有：va) 賓語前置 Very good lessons we had yesterday. (表示強(qiáng)調(diào)) 昨天我們上的課太好了。 He fired two small pieces of fish. O

15、ne he fed to his cat, the other he ate himself. (為了銜接更加緊密) 他炸了兩小塊魚，一塊喂了貓，一塊他自己吃了。vb) 狀語前置 In 1971, the Soviet Union sent into orbit the first experimental manned space station. She has translated into Chinese a novel written by Mark Twain. He was writing carefully the New Years cards to be sent to h

16、is friends.vc)賓語的補(bǔ)足語前置 They saw playing in the garden a group of children aged from about six to ten. 他們看見一群大約六到十歲的孩子在花園里玩。 Many people consider impossible what really is possible. 不少人把本來可能做到的事看成是不可能的。v1. He is not under arrest, _ any restriction on him. A. or the police have placed B. or have the p

17、olice placed C. nor the police have placed D. nor have the police placedv2. _ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. A. Much as B. Much though C. As much D. Though muchDAv3. _, he always tries his best to complete it on time. A. However the task is hard B. However

18、hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the taskv4. _ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it notBAv5. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _ to

19、 the truck. A. the greater stress is B. greater is the stress C. the stress is greater D. the greater the stressv6. The business of each day, _ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. A. it being B. be it C. was it D. it wasDBv7. Only by shouting at the top of his voice _. A. he was abl

20、e to make himself hear B. he was able to make himself heard C. was he able to make himself hear D. was he able to make himself heardv8. Not until the game had begun _ at the sports ground. A. had he arrived B. would he have arrived C. did he arrive D. should he have arrivedDCv9. _ that they may even

21、tually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent. A. So clever are the construction robots B. So clever the construction robots are C. Such construction robots are clever D. Such clever construction robots arevsothat引出的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。此外，to such a degree, to such an e

22、xtent, to such a point等詞組放在句首，表示程度，句子也要倒裝。 So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street. To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.Av10. Fool _ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. A. who B. as C. that D. likev11. _, he does

23、get annoyed with her sometimes. A. Although much he likes her B. Much although he likes her C. As he likes her much D. Much as he likes herBDv12. _, he would not have recovered so quickly. A. Hadnt he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not been he taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care ofv13. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A. Had it not been B. It were not C. Werent it D. Had not it beenBAv14. S