GMAT閱讀理解第三次課堂筆記-黃深-110207

1、GMAT閱讀主講老師：黃深第三次上課2021-02-07上午：回憶長難句信息提取例句4，具備考點(diǎn)：一，給出了大寫，二，給出了一對反義詞，有比照關(guān)系。重點(diǎn)關(guān)注考點(diǎn)句，非考點(diǎn)句總結(jié)1.2.3記?。菏啄┚?段首或段中however yet but句à唯一文章主題詞、多個(gè)段落關(guān)鍵詞、態(tài)度詞、主題句、結(jié)論句：關(guān)鍵詞àTW, AW, TS=CS; Linking Wordsà其中態(tài)度詞特別重要à段落首末句+下段首句* 詳讀：段內(nèi)比照：兩個(gè)模塊的反義詞：因果機(jī)制：首末句：非因果機(jī)制非比照：一對并列詞標(biāo)記：讓步、甚至記住句內(nèi)比照比較、大小寫。單詞：突破閱讀理解，單詞是關(guān)

2、鍵。例題：小藍(lán)P3首先，判斷文章套路。看文章的段首段尾，中間段的首句及關(guān)聯(lián)詞。新老觀點(diǎn)：While表讓步，重要，讓步之后必有轉(zhuǎn)折，讓步給出正評(píng)價(jià)，主句必須負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)。Since之后是論據(jù)態(tài)度證據(jù)，since之前是論點(diǎn)。在論據(jù)之中找考點(diǎn)和論點(diǎn)。其次，要判斷段落模式。一般段落無法判斷是什么模式，那么一般認(rèn)為其是并列模式。再次，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)極端表達(dá)，而文中沒有出現(xiàn)此極端表達(dá)，該選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。另外，other經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。相似選項(xiàng)比較差異，往往是一字之差。對一個(gè)新觀點(diǎn)，作者不可能給出一個(gè)反駁態(tài)度。In + n. 在句中出現(xiàn)表細(xì)節(jié)。GMAT閱讀題型解析最難：信息題1-2道最易：核心題2-5道把握：定點(diǎn)題8-

3、10道理想搭配：核心題：2道信息題：2道定點(diǎn)題：10道核心題2-5道，屬最易題問主題或態(tài)度或結(jié)構(gòu)。定位到TW, TS, CS, KW, AW解題各段首句有時(shí)看首末段末句1 主題題 Main ideaThe primary purpose of the passage is toWhich of the following best expresses the authors main idea?有TS，定位TS，特別注意TS中的NP。論點(diǎn)說明與評(píng)述文章TS在各段首句或末句。無TS，那么1找CS, CS=TS, 無CS，那么2綜合各段TS，即綜合各段首句和手段的however句注意：AW態(tài)度錯(cuò)誤

4、；NP錯(cuò)；片面KW錯(cuò)，行文順序錯(cuò)誤前文and后文。2 結(jié)構(gòu)題 Logical structure: how constructed, how the author persuadesWhich one of the following best describes the organization of the passage?重讀各段首句，確定各段關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)：綜合各段首句邏輯順序，三大典型結(jié)構(gòu)對應(yīng)詞匯現(xiàn)象解釋前負(fù)后正：phen.-explanation(s)/theory(-ies)新老：new/novel/alterative; correct/revise/ challenge a the

5、ory總分：general view/ thesis-illustration/developed; theory-evidence.注意：順序錯(cuò)誤and套路錯(cuò)誤3 態(tài)度題 style and toneThe authors attitude toward the culture toward the culture in most factories is best described asThe author regards the traditional view of the origin if the oceans with選項(xiàng)為態(tài)度詞或題干中有態(tài)度詞，如attitude, tone

6、; value, drawback, success, object; problematic,定位到AW特例：混合評(píng)價(jià)的選項(xiàng)1） but, though, without, while, despite, 不能用and聯(lián)結(jié)2） qualified agreement, tempered by, guarded, restrained, partially, critically, mild, limited混合評(píng)價(jià)的定位方向；各段首句態(tài)度的綜合，含有態(tài)度的讓步轉(zhuǎn)折、中間態(tài)度詞kw的證據(jù)壓縮注意：態(tài)度相反、主要態(tài)度相反、態(tài)度正確但內(nèi)容不符。# 每道核心題必須定位，切忌憑印象做題。選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)存在陷

7、阱a+b+c vs. a+b+x; 必須對照TS各個(gè)成分，特別NP。主題題套路總結(jié)（1） 新老觀點(diǎn)比照型Showing that a certain interpretation is better supported by the evidence than is an alternative explanationa recently proposed explanation of a way in which wind-pollinated plants reduce pollen waste correct an erroneous belief by describing its o

8、riginsdescribe an alterative hypothesis and provide evidence and arguments that support itrecommending a different approach provide evidence to dispute an accepted theory about the evolution of galaxies correct misconceptions(2) 現(xiàn)象解釋型A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and reje

9、cted A problem(從意思上說是問題，從套路上說是現(xiàn)象) is presented and reasoned for its existence are supplied.Discussing a possible explanation for the way bilateral asymmetry is determined in lobsters.(3) 問題解決型suggesting an answer to a theoretical questionidentifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problemdi

10、scussing a problem and possible solution to ita way to curb illegal digging while benifiting the archeological professionA problem is described and then reasons why various proposed solutions succeeded of failed are discussed,(4) 結(jié)論解釋型A general opinion is expressed and then supportive illustrations

11、are advanced.Stating a conclusion and adducing evidence that may justify itAn evaluation is made, and aspects of the evaluation are expanded on with supporting evidence.An assertion is made and several examples are provided to illustrate it.(5) 特別套路：評(píng)述某人觀點(diǎn)/著作evaluating the soundness of a work of cri

12、ticismindicated the importance of Jean Wagners analysis of Afro-American poetryreviewing a historical study of the status of women in Mexico City during the nineteenth-centurydiscussing an important work in Black American literaturean appraisal of a biography by A.N. Wilsonsummarizing and assessing

13、a study an evaluation of a scholarly studyanalyzing a scholarly study and pointing out a central weakness本卷須知1） 順序先在文中找評(píng)價(jià)，再看選項(xiàng)2） 混合評(píng)價(jià)的表示方法大負(fù)小正，大正小負(fù)，純粹的混合評(píng)價(jià)a. but 或and連接的評(píng)價(jià)詞correct and limited 正 負(fù)is useful but can cause problems b. 修飾詞所限定的評(píng)價(jià)詞Partially correct, qualified approval, enthusiasm tempered

14、by minor reservation, guarded criticism, tentative acceptance, reluctant acceptance3) 防止極端選項(xiàng)態(tài)度題的極端選項(xiàng)a. 過于中庸，無態(tài)度Indifference, ambivalence, resigned, light-hearted, jocularb. 人身攻擊Condemnation, indignant, envious, offensive, insincere, callousDefiance, derision, scornful, cynical, spitefulc. 過于熱情，甚至諂媚F

15、ervent, fanatical, adulatoryd. 程度過強(qiáng)，不留余地Complete(ly), entire(ly), tota(ly), absolute(ly),Understrained, unmitigated, unchecked信息題 Supporting ideas 發(fā)問對象涉及多句或全文內(nèi)容，無法精確定位單獨(dú)某個(gè)句子。解法：a) 核心排除TS/CS 排除首末句排除2-3個(gè)與主題無關(guān)，與結(jié)論相反，與態(tài)度相反 b) NP再定位KW?-> 比較各段首句KW，確定段落。典型錯(cuò)誤：新否認(rèn) 新比較 most, only, more than4. 信息題The passag

16、e supplies information that would answer which of the following questions? 全文定位定點(diǎn)題 8-10道 Supporting Ideas, inferences, application, Arguments assessment & counterarguments題干往往出現(xiàn)according to直接事實(shí)，infer, imply, suggest(常有取非)等詞，考察某句內(nèi)容，不牽涉上下文。定位之后直接將原句改寫即為正確答案。答案為原居的語言變換+邏輯變換，切忌先讀選項(xiàng)。優(yōu)先定位段落?？颊Z言。定位后找出答

17、案中心詞，以中心詞排除3個(gè)選項(xiàng)；剩余2個(gè)選項(xiàng)如有相似成分，比較其差異，再以差異定位。5細(xì)節(jié)定位題=直接事實(shí)題題干常有according to，考段中細(xì)節(jié)。提煉題干名詞，比較各段首句KW，確定定位段落后再到段中尋找。答案為定位句的文字對應(yīng)，最常見的同義詞改寫。例1，2，36列舉題原文連續(xù)并列3-4個(gè)內(nèi)容，問哪個(gè)有或沒有提到：mention/cite/refer to/state(EXCEPT) supporting ideas例47In order to/作用題 Logical Struction: The reason of the authors use of some details針對原

18、文任何內(nèi)容，問其在語境中context的作用。題干常有行數(shù)提示，定位容易。題干題到某個(gè)句子成分、句子、觀點(diǎn)為了干什么。題干常用詞：in order to, serve to, intend, be used to解法：所問對象指向的邏輯上一層主題，答案多往前走，偶爾也在后文，此類題目極其常見。技巧：如問到例子的作用，答案就是他所說明的論點(diǎn)，答案常有illustrate或give an example of。例5，6，78取非題Inferences1) 比照取非 可歸入細(xì)節(jié)題，定位某句得到答案原文有比照內(nèi)容：different, distinction, compare, distinguish

19、, unlike, not found, absent, first , the most, more/less 或者時(shí)間比照：early-later, traditionally-now, until recently-recent 題干常有differ from, distinguish, compare, relative to, characteristic, feature等詞。A-B相反，相互取非，或者，原文說A.>B, 答案常有否認(rèn)詞例7，82觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度取非題干中常有would, might，將原來內(nèi)容反過來說，那么答案將另一局部取非。逆否命題 AàB ó

20、;B- àA- 弱化版：A, Bà A-, B-例9，109邏輯題 選項(xiàng)可出現(xiàn)原文所無內(nèi)容 Arguments Assesment & Countergument1) 邏輯反對 題干：if true, would weaken/undermine/ cast doubt on a certain theory in the passagei) 反對原因：反對論據(jù)；反對關(guān)系 ii有它因2邏輯支持 題干：if true, would support/strengthen a certain theory in the passagei) 支持論據(jù)；舉例或重復(fù)；取非反對論據(jù) ii) 無它因10距離應(yīng)用 example, exemplify, illustrate Select an example11. 類比 analogous to, similar to, parallel to, comparable to, identify a hy pothetical, compa