保險(xiǎn)英語答案

1、.Reference Answers of Chapter 1 . Translation from English to Chinese:1. 如果一個(gè)小孩在繁忙的大道中間玩耍、如果一個(gè)工人使用機(jī)器時(shí)，不知道機(jī)器出了問題而面臨危險(xiǎn)、 如果一個(gè)行人不知道靠近人行道的墻壁處于危險(xiǎn)境地， 面臨倒塌的危險(xiǎn)， 他們將會(huì)發(fā)生什么？每一種情況都有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的因素和不確定性存在。 這個(gè)小孩也許不會(huì)收到傷害、 機(jī)器也許會(huì)堅(jiān)持到這個(gè)工人用完機(jī)器為止、 靠近人行道的墻壁沒有倒塌傷到這個(gè)人。 但是在每一種情況都有可能造成嚴(yán)重的傷害。2. 眾所周知，每一個(gè)人對(duì)他的鄰居的人身傷害和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失負(fù)有責(zé)任， 不要傷害他的身體以及損壞

2、他的財(cái)產(chǎn)。責(zé)任的產(chǎn)生也許是因一個(gè)房屋的所有權(quán)、一個(gè)寵物、戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)或者一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的行為引起， 比如穿越馬路不開前方等等。在英國(guó) 1968 年卡拉克先生（ Clark）起訴西普思頓（ Shepstone）女士案件中， Shepstone 女士突然從人行道走出來，沒有看前方，致使摩托車駕駛者緊急剎車導(dǎo)致翻車，摩托車后座乘客Clark 先生嚴(yán)重受損。他起訴Shepstone女士，最終獲得了28,500 英鎊的賠償。如果Shepstone女士沒有購(gòu)買個(gè)人公眾責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)，她就會(huì)面臨嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。 . Translation from Chinese to English:1. Risk is uncerta

3、inty of loss and is the possibility of loss.2. Risk is unpredictable, which refers that the actual results may differ from predicted results.3. Flood is the peril and the house near the bank of the river is the hazard.4. Hazards are not themselves the cause of the loss, but they can increase ordecre

4、ase the effect if a peril operates.5. Physical hazard relates to the physical characteristics of the risk.;.6. Moral hazard is a situation in which a party is more likely to take risks because thecosts that could result will not be borne by the party taking the risk.7. Where there is no risk, there

5、is insurance.8. A financial risk is one where the result or the outcome can be measured by money. . Case analysis:1. Suppose you want to establish a small business. The business is about a small grocery, selling foodstuffs and various household supplies. Describe the ways in which risk may affect yo

6、ur business. How you deal with the business? Describe the pure risks and speculative risks.At first, you must consider pure risks and speculative risks. You should identify the risks, then analyze them and take steps to control the risks. You may transfer the risks to insurance.Pure risks include ma

7、terial damages to the grocery and stock by fire, storm, explosion or malicious damages or theft. Liability risks to employees or clients.Speculative risks include pricing, marketing decisions and credit providing to clients. You should take measures to minimize the frequency or severity by buying eq

8、uipment, for example, fire protection, security systems, burglar alarm, etc. Besides, you should make some investigations on clients demand.Pure risks are insurable. Therefore you should buy some kinds of insurance to transfer pure risks to insurance company.2. There is a large multi-nation petroleu

9、m company. It spends a large sum of money each year on insurance premiums. Talk about the benefits for the company, for the community and for the government.Benefit for the companies: The company can have a peaceful mind and;.security protection because the company has transferred the risk to the in

10、surance company. If the company chooses to retain the risk, it would have to hold large reserves to cover emergencies. Though the insurance premium is a certain loss, the balance of funds can then be invested in the business.Benefit for the community: If the company is insured against a loss, it can

11、 stimulate the business activity and provide jobs for the community. Insurance can provide protection in the event of loss and keep people in employment.Benefit for the government: Because the premiums collected by insurance company are not needed immediately for claims, these premiums can be invest

12、ed in the real estate, transportation, energy, etc. These investments are helpful both for the government and industry.Reference Answers ofChapter 2 . Translation from English to Chinese:1. 保險(xiǎn)利益至少有四個(gè)特點(diǎn)。首先，必須是一些財(cái)產(chǎn)、權(quán)利、利益、肢體或者潛在的利益可以進(jìn)行投保。第二，這些財(cái)產(chǎn)、權(quán)利、利益等等必須是保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的。 第三，被保險(xiǎn)人必須與保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的有一定的關(guān)系， 也就是他能得益于財(cái)產(chǎn)安全、 生活安寧以

13、及不要承擔(dān)責(zé)任， 或者由于危險(xiǎn)的存在和責(zé)任的承擔(dān)，他會(huì)受到傷害。最后，被保險(xiǎn)人與保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的關(guān)系必須得到法律的認(rèn)可。2. 很難估算失去一只眼睛或者一條胳膊的價(jià)值是多少。 任何估價(jià)都是武斷的，法庭依據(jù)以前的案例法已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)賠償數(shù)額。對(duì)于特殊的傷害，;.這個(gè)數(shù)字不是固定不變的。例如，一條胳膊賠償一萬元， 一只眼睛賠償二萬元。簡(jiǎn)單地說， 法庭采用以往的案例作為指引，對(duì)于傷害程度類似的就用類似的損失賠償。 . Translation from Chinese to English:1. When we talk about insurance, we always talk about the in

14、surable interest.2. The proposers insurable interest to the subject matter of insurance is limited to the maximum sum insured.3. In marine insurance contract, the insured must be interested in the subject matter insured at the time of loss,4. In life insurance contract, insurable interest is only re

15、quired by the insured at inception.5. The applicant has insurable interests over himself, his spouse, his children andhis parents.6Insurance companies have insurable interest in their liability to pay claims to insureds.7. In life insurance, insurable interest is only required when the insured is in

16、sured himself at the beginning.8. General speaking, the transfer of life insurance contract can be valid only after the insurer is agreed. .Case analysis:1. A visitor came to Shanghai for sightseeing during a holiday. After he visited the Tower of Eastern Pearl, he went to the insurance company and

17、made an offer that he wanted to pay premium to cover the Tower in order to protect the property. Do you think the local insurance company agrees to accept his offer?I dontthink the local insurance company agrees to accept his offer. It is because the Tower of Eastern Pearl belongs to the local gover

18、nment, not belongs;.to the Visitor. He has no insurable interest to the subject matter of insurance.Therefore, the local insurance company will refuse to accept his offer.2. Johnson is the owner of a house. The cost of rebuilding the house will be￥ 600,000. He has a mortgage for ￥350,000 with Indust

19、rial & Commercial Bank of China. Discuss what extent both Johnson and Industrial & Commercial Bank of China have an insurable interest in the house?Johnson is the owner of the house and therefore has 100 percent insurableinterest of the house, that is, ￥600,000.China Construction Bank has also an in

20、surable interest as mortgagee in the house. But the interest is limited to $350,000.In practice, China Construction Bank will require Johnson to insure the house in the joint names of the owner of the house and China Construction Bank. The policy must be kept by the Bank.Reference Answers of Chapter

21、 3 . Translation from English to Chinese:1. 在合同談判期間書面或口頭的表述稱之為陳述。有些陳述是關(guān)于重要的事實(shí)，而有些陳述不是重要的陳述。那些重要的陳述必須是投保人非常真實(shí)的陳述，或者是其知識(shí)范圍內(nèi)或認(rèn)知的范圍內(nèi)最佳的表述。在許多國(guó)家里，保險(xiǎn)的陳述采取咨詢、問卷的形式等等。2. 值得注意的是，在普通商務(wù)合同中，保證只是一種許諾，附屬與主合同之中。如有違反，受害方僅僅有權(quán)索賠損失費(fèi)。然而，保險(xiǎn)合同中的保證是最基本的條件，是合同的根本。如果違反保證，受害方可以解除合同。保證是一種許諾或承諾，許諾作為或不作為，某物事實(shí)是否存在。例如，;.在火災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)中，被保

22、險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)該許諾垃圾每天晚上被清理干凈。在盜竊保險(xiǎn)中，在維修合同項(xiàng)下保持侵入者報(bào)警系統(tǒng)處于良好的工作狀態(tài)。 . Translation from Chinese to English:1. Whether insurer or insured, they are bond by utmost good faith.2. There will be no insurable interest in stolen motor vehicle and goods of import and export without license.3. The material fact must be discl

23、osed, which would influence the insurer in deciding to accept or refuse the business.4. In fire insurance, the form of the construction of the building and the nature of its use must be disclosed.5. In life assurance, the person must disclose previous medical history.6. The fact that the insurer sho

24、uld know needntbe disclosed.7. Misrepresentation is a false statement of facts that induces the other party to enter into the contract.8. The practical difficulties of recovering from an insured are so great that the insurers often do not enforce this right. .Case analysis:Mrs. Thomas decided to buy

25、 insurance for her household contents, including several items of jewelry under an “All Risk”section from Patrick Insurance Company. She completed a proposal form. From this document, the insurer assumed this to be a “standard risk”with no adverse features. They therefore issued a policy in their no

26、rmal terms for this type of insurance and at their normal premium.The insurance was renewed over the next few years and then Mr. Thomas submitted a claim in respect of several items of jewelry which had been stolen. On investigating the claim, the insurer discovered that Mrs. Thomas s husband;.had b

27、een to jail for crimes involving dishonesty,the crimes involved receivingstolen goods-cigarettes and spirits. According to this information, the insurerdecided to refuse the claim.Why do you think the insurance company refused the insureds claim when the insurer discovered the criminal record of her

28、 husband?Because Mrs. Thomas did not disclose to the insurer about her husbands criminal record, she is in breach of utmost good faith. The insurer can refuse her claims.Do you think the insurer was justified in refusing the claim?If the proposal form has such requirement in this respect, the insura

29、nce company was justified in doing so. Otherwise, it is unfair, for Mr. Thomas s jail has nothing to do with the claim.What do you think insurers can do or should do to prevent similar disputes arising in future?I think that proposal form must make clear that family criminal record had to be disclos

30、ed by the applicant so not to arise dispute in claims.Reference Answers of Chapter 4 . Translation from English to Chinese:1. 想一想，把六塊多米諾骨牌豎立起來， 每塊多米諾骨牌之間只間隔半塊骨牌高的距離。如果在第一塊骨牌頂部敲打一下， 這將導(dǎo)致它倒向第二塊骨牌，第二塊骨牌倒向第三塊骨牌，以此類推，最后第六塊骨牌倒下。在這里有一系列事件的發(fā)生，并帶來一個(gè)結(jié)果。所以，致使所有產(chǎn)生運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的、積極有效的原因就是敲打第一塊骨牌。2. 1970 年，英國(guó)發(fā)生了一個(gè)案子。 格雷與巴爾夫

31、人關(guān)系曖昧， 有一天晚上，;.她丈夫巴爾認(rèn)為，他的妻子已經(jīng)到了格雷的家里。 于是帶著上了膛的槍去找她。巴爾不相信格雷說巴爾夫人不在他家里，于是上樓親自去查找，并朝天花板放了一槍，嚇唬一下格雷，于是兩人廝打起來。在廝打過程中，槍走火了，格雷被巴爾殺死了。巴爾被指控謀殺和過失殺人， 格雷夫人于是起訴巴爾要求賠償。法庭認(rèn)為，格雷死亡的近因是他與巴爾夫人通奸造成的。法官們對(duì)于是第一槍還是第二槍是近因說法不一，對(duì)于近因是否是意外事故，也莫衷一是。然而，所有四個(gè)法官都認(rèn)為，對(duì)他的賠償不符合公眾責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的條款，因此，格雷夫人敗訴。 . Translation from Chinese to English:

32、1. The perils relevant to insurance claim can be classified in the three types. Firstly, the insured perils: those named in the policy as insured, such as fire, lightning and explosion in the policy wording. Secondly, excluded perils, those stated in the policy as excluded, such as riot, earthquake,

33、 or war in the policy wording. And finally, the uninsured perils: those not mentioned at all in the policy.2. It is necessary for the insurer and the insured to inspect the cause of loss carefully.3. The difficulty arises in deciding if there is a direct chain of causation between them.4. Fire is co

34、vered and storm is not covered in the fire policy in Great Britain.5. The author hopes the students can distinguish that the same lightning damaged the walls, but with different proximate cause.6. The judges could not agree on whether the first or second shot was the proximate cause of Barrs loss, n

35、or on whether the cause was accidental or not.7. If there had been no war, he would not have been on the line along the train. .Case analysis:A theft policy excluded losses due to the war. During an enemy air raid one;.night, all the street lights were turned off in order not to illuminate targets f

36、or the enemy aircraft. Under cover of this blackout, a thief broke into a warehouse and stole some of the insured property. Do you think the insurance company should pay the claim to the insured? Why?Yes, the insurance company should pay the claims. Because there is no necessary connection between t

37、he blackout and the thieves, even in the daytime, thieves still want to steal property from the owner of the house. Therefore insurance company cannot refuse the claim with the excluded terms.Reference Answers of Chapter 5 . Translation from English to Chinese:1. 補(bǔ)償原則特別依賴財(cái)務(wù)評(píng)估，因此，我們必須考慮那些評(píng)估有難度的保單情況。

38、人壽保險(xiǎn)和個(gè)人意外傷害保險(xiǎn)中， 主體有無限的利益。 在這種情況下，補(bǔ)償是不可能的。 換句話說，人壽保險(xiǎn)和個(gè)人意外傷害保險(xiǎn)單不是補(bǔ)償合同，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人的生命和肢體不能用金錢來衡量。 但是有雇主為雇員購(gòu)買的個(gè)人意外傷害保險(xiǎn)中， 情況有所不同。保險(xiǎn)單旨在提供一筆錢給雇主，用以支付生病雇員的工資。2. 人壽保險(xiǎn)合同不適應(yīng)代為追償?shù)脑瓌t，因?yàn)槿藟郾ｋU(xiǎn)合同不是補(bǔ)償性合同。假如死亡是由于另一個(gè)人的疏忽造成的， 那么死者的家屬代表除了獲得保險(xiǎn)單的賠償金之外， 還可以獲得加害人的賠償。 例如，如果一個(gè)航班客機(jī)墜毀， 造成乘客的死亡， 受益人除了獲得保險(xiǎn)單的賠償外， 還可以獲得航空公司的補(bǔ)償。 . Translat

39、ion from Chinese to English:1. The principle of indemnity relies on financial evaluation.2. Subrogation is derived from indemnity.;.3. The insurers must not make any profit by exercising their subrogation rights.4. Most insurance contracts are contracts of indemnity except life insurance.5. Life ins

40、urance contracts are not contracts of indemnity, as the value of a persons life or limb cannot be measured by money.6. The options of the ways of payment by insurers include cash payment, replacement, repair and reinstatement.7. Insurers make full use of repair as a method of providing indemnity in

41、motor insurance.8. In most cases, replacement refers to glass insurance. .Case analysis:An insured has written to the insurance company, saying that his TV set has been destroyed completely by fire. The claim is covered under her household policy and all the insurance company has to do is how much t

42、o pay. The TV set was 5 years old and cost $500 when it was purchased new. A similar TV set would cost $1000 today. The insured agreed that the life of the TV set would have been 15 years and that her TV set had suffered normal wear and tear. How much should insurance company pay under the indemnity

43、 policy? Write out the formula.Answer to the case: Indemnity is the cost of replacement less wear and tear. In this case, the cost of replacement is $1000. The life of the TV set was agreed at 15 years and as it is 5 years old, it has gone through one third of its life. The insured is therefore enti

44、tled to two thirds of the replacement cost.The wear and tear of the TV set: 1000 1/3= $333The claim payment: 1000-333 = $667;.Therefore the insurance company should pay $667 to the insured.Reference Answers of Chapter 6 . Translation from English to Chinese:1. 對(duì)價(jià)指的是一方獲得的權(quán)利和所得到的利益，或由另一方承受的忍耐、傷害和損失。例如

45、，保險(xiǎn)合同中，保險(xiǎn)人許諾提供某些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的保障，在銷售合同中， 賣方許諾某種商品等等。 法律將不會(huì)強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行一個(gè)許諾， 除非該許諾有對(duì)價(jià)的支撐。對(duì)價(jià)可以理解為支撐許諾的價(jià)格。2. 例如，在英國(guó)有一個(gè)妓女在早期形式的租賃合同中購(gòu)買了一輛馬車，后來她沒有錢支付借款， 她遭到馬車出租人的起訴。 法庭認(rèn)為既然馬車公司知道馬車用來拉嫖客， 那么，這個(gè)合同是無效的。 他們起訴她拖欠的款或債務(wù)的行為失敗。法庭認(rèn)為，簽訂不道德目的的合同有悖于倫理道德。 . Translation from Chinese to English:1. Social and domestic agreements are not le

46、gally binding. Accepting an invitation to a party or a wedding cannot create a contract.2. The law will not enforce a promise unless it is supported by consideration.3. Both parties who make a contract must have the capacity to perform the contract.4. Insurance certificate is a simplified insurance

47、contract. Insurance policy is drawn up and printed by insurer in advance.5. The conclusion of an insurance contract means a legal action of making an agreement between the insurer and insured on a fair and voluntary basis.6. In property insurance, if the insured property is sold or transferred or in

48、herited, the applicant or the insured has to be modified.7. In motor insurance, the terms of cover and premium will depend not only on the vehicle to be insured but also the age, occupation, experience and driving;.record of the insured.8. Because of the limitations, few insurance contracts are free

49、ly assignable except marine cargo policies. .Case analysis:A son takes the family business over from his father, who wishes to retire from active business life. Several years later, the son wishes to expand the business, which is that of a self-employed haulage contractor, by purchasing another vehi

50、cle. The cost of this will be $20,000 and he requests a loan of $15,000 from his father to enable him to purchase the vehicle. The father agrees to provide the son with the loan subject to two conditions:1. The son takes a life insurance policy out on his own life for $15000 making the father benefi

51、ciary.2. The son takes out a policy in the joint names of father and son to cover the vehicle, so that in the event of vehicle being damaged or destroyed, the father s interest is also taken care of.Do you think the life underwriters will agree to the arrangement? Yes, he will agree.Do you think the

52、 motor insurers will agree to the arrangement? No, the father has no insurable interest in the vehicle.What recommendations can you make in respect of the proposed arrangements?The son takes out the motor policy in his own name. And the father is the third party in case of a claim occurs, the son ca

53、n assign the payment to his father when insurer pays the claims to the son.;.Reference Answers of Chapter 7 . Translation from English to Chinese:1. 大多數(shù)商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)公司通過注冊(cè)的保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人從事保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)。 這些經(jīng)紀(jì)人將為大型的公司提供有價(jià)值的服務(wù)。此外，保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人還可以處理某些索賠、起草保單條款、執(zhí)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)檢驗(yàn)以及提供風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理服務(wù)等等。保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人把業(yè)務(wù)帶到保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)中起了主要的作用。 經(jīng)紀(jì)人與被保險(xiǎn)人達(dá)成保險(xiǎn)協(xié)議后，保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人選擇一個(gè)首席承保人。由首席承

54、保人確定收取的費(fèi)率、確定保險(xiǎn)條款，并且劃定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最大百分比份額。帶著準(zhǔn)備就緒的這些條款和承保條件，保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人把“承保條”帶給其他保險(xiǎn)人接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)份額，直到最后 100%的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)安排完畢。2. 英國(guó)保險(xiǎn)人協(xié)會(huì)（ ABI ）是英國(guó)保險(xiǎn)公司主要行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)，根據(jù)協(xié)會(huì)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，有大約 300 家保險(xiǎn)公司是行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員。他們當(dāng)中，提供國(guó)內(nèi)保險(xiǎn)銷售90%的保險(xiǎn)服務(wù)。 ABI 會(huì)員公司占倫敦股票市場(chǎng) 20%的投資總額， ABI 會(huì)員是政府稅收的主要來源。 在 2010 年至 2011 年納稅年度中，支付了 10,400,000,000 英鎊。 ABI 由會(huì)員捐款資助。ABI的主要目標(biāo)包括增進(jìn)會(huì)員的利益，向政府和其他機(jī)

55、構(gòu)闡述他們的觀點(diǎn)。它還組織編寫許多統(tǒng)計(jì)刊物和其他出版物，包括年度報(bào)告、消費(fèi)者咨詢以及犯罪預(yù)防的小冊(cè)子。 . Translation from Chinese to English:1. When we talk about market, we may think about the weekend market of the town.2. Among international markets, London is unique market that is concentratedhighly in terms of geographical location.3. Most insur

56、ance companies are members of International Underwriting Association. At the same time, they also are members of Association of British Insurers.;.4. Lloyds is not an insurance company. It is an insurance market.5. Insurance brokers are intermediaries, who play a key role in bringing business to the London Insurance Market.6. Commission of the insurance brokers comes from insurance companies.7. Insurance agents get commission from the insurer.8. The action of an insurance a