巖土工程專業(yè)詞匯

1、精品文檔一. 綜合類geO,blog1.geotechnical engineering巖土工程2.foundation engineering基礎(chǔ)工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力學(xué)cyclic loading周期荷載unloading 卸載reloading再加載viscoelastic foundation粘彈性地基viscous damping粘滯阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土動力學(xué)6.stress path應(yīng)力路徑7.numerical geotechanics數(shù)值巖土力學(xué)二. 土的分類1.residual s

2、oil殘積土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土礦物4.secondary minerals次生礦物5.landslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section鉆孔柱狀圖7.engineering geologic investigation工程地質(zhì)勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand礫砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand細(xì)砂15.silt

3、y sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉質(zhì)粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂質(zhì)粉土21.clayey silt粘質(zhì)粉土22.saturated soil飽和土23.unsaturated soil非飽和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固結(jié)土26.normally consolidated soil正常固結(jié)土。1歡迎下載精品文檔27.underconsolidated soil欠固結(jié)土28.zonal soil區(qū)域性土29.soft clay軟粘土30.expansive

4、(swelling) soil膨脹土31.peat泥炭32.loess黃土33.frozen soil凍土三.土的基本物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)1.cc compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.c

5、vane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of“at-rest”pressure ,for total stresses1 and 28.K0 domain for effective stresses1 ' and29.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating insta

6、ntaneousloading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio1

7、5.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressur

8、e, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. 1, 2 principal stresses,1 ' and2denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation飽和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.m

9、oist unit weight濕重度27.saturated unit weight飽和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密實度。2歡迎下載精品文檔31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最優(yōu)含水量33.three phase diagram三相圖34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒組36.sieve analysis篩分37.hydrometer analysis比重計分析38.uniformity coefficient不均

10、勻系數(shù)39.coefficient of gradation級配系數(shù)40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)細(xì)粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的統(tǒng)一分類系統(tǒng)43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美國土木工程師學(xué)會44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美國州公路官員協(xié)會45.ISSMGE=Internati

11、onal Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering國際土力學(xué)與巖土工程學(xué)會四. 滲透性和滲流1.Darcy s law達西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流網(wǎng)6.seepage滲透（流）7.leakage滲流8.seepage pressure滲透壓力9.permeability滲透性10.seepage force滲透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability滲透系數(shù)五. 地基

12、應(yīng)力和變形1.soft soil軟土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入樁（負(fù)）摩阻力3.effective stress有效應(yīng)力4.total stress總應(yīng)力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪強度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity靈敏度8.triaxial test三軸試驗9.foundation design基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計10.recompaction再壓縮11.bearing capacity承載力12.soil mass 土體。3歡迎下載精品文檔13.contact stress (

13、pressure)接觸應(yīng)力（壓力）14.concentrated load集中荷載15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半無限彈性體16.homogeneous 均質(zhì)17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing條基19.square spread footing方形獨立基礎(chǔ)20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下臥層（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒載 持續(xù)荷載22.live load活載23.short term transient load短期瞬時荷載24.long-term tr

14、ansient load長期荷載25.reduced load 折算荷載26.settlement沉降27.deformation變形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒組31.physical properties物理性質(zhì)32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil級配良好土34.poorly-graded soil級配不良土35.normal stresses正應(yīng)力36.shear stresses剪應(yīng)力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) pr

15、incipal stress最大（中、最小）主應(yīng)力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩爾 - 庫侖破壞條件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method極限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水壓力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固結(jié)壓力44.modulus of compressibility壓縮模量45.coefficent of compressibility壓縮系數(shù)pression index壓縮指數(shù)47.swelling index回彈

16、指數(shù)48.geostatic stress自重應(yīng)力49.additional stress附加應(yīng)力50.total stress總應(yīng)力51.final settlement最終沉降52.slip line滑動線六. 基坑開挖與降水1 excavation開挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水。4歡迎下載精品文檔3 failure of foundation基坑失穩(wěn)4 bracing of foundation pit基坑圍護5 bottom heave=basal heave（基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall擋土墻7 pore-pressure distribution孔

17、壓分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井點系統(tǒng)（輕型）10 deep well point深井點11 vacuum well point真空井點12 braced cuts支撐圍護13 braced excavation支撐開挖14 braced sheeting支撐擋板七 . 深基礎(chǔ) -deep foundation1.pile foundation樁基礎(chǔ)1)cast in-place 灌注樁diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注樁bored pile鉆孔樁special-shaped cast-i

18、n-place pile機控異型灌注樁piles set into rock嵌巖灌注樁rammed bulb pile夯擴樁2)belled pier foundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ)drilled-pier foundation鉆孔擴底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile預(yù)制混凝土樁4)steel pile鋼樁steel pipe pile鋼管樁steel sheet pile鋼板樁5)prestressed concrete pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁prestressed concrete pipe pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁2.cais

19、son foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻4.friction pile摩擦樁5.end-bearing pile端承樁6.shaft 豎井；樁身7.wave equation analysis波動方程分析8.pile caps承臺（樁帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile單樁承載力10.lateral pile load test單樁橫向載荷試驗11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile單樁橫向極限承載力12.static load test of pile單樁豎向靜荷

20、載試驗13.vertical allowable load capacity單樁豎向容許承載力14.low pile cap低樁承臺15.high-rise pile cap高樁承臺。5歡迎下載精品文檔16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile單樁抗拔極限承載力17.silent piling靜力壓樁18.uplift pile抗拔樁19.anti-slide pile抗滑樁20.pile groups群樁21.efficiency factor of pile groups群樁效率系數(shù)（）22.efficiency of pil

21、e groups群樁效應(yīng)23.dynamic pile testing樁基動測技術(shù)24.final set最后貫入度25.dynamic load test of pile樁動荷載試驗26.pile integrity test樁的完整性試驗27.pile head=butt樁頭28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe樁端（頭）29.pile spacing樁距30.pile plan樁位布置圖31.arrangement of piles =pile layout樁的布置32.group action群樁作用33.end bearing=tip resistance樁端

22、阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance樁側(cè)阻35.pile cushion樁墊36.pile driving(by vibration)（振動）打樁37.pile pulling test拔樁試驗38.pile shoe樁靴39.pile noise打樁噪音40.pile rig打樁機八 . 地基處理 -ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范2.cushion 墊層法3.preloading 預(yù)壓法4.dynamic compaction 強

23、夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement強夯置換法6.vibroflotation method振沖法7.sand-gravel pile砂石樁8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石樁9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁10.cement mixing method水泥土攪拌樁11.cement column水泥樁12.lime pile (lime column)石灰樁13.jet grouting高壓噴射注漿法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯實水泥土樁法15.lime-soil

24、 compaction pile灰土擠密樁lime-soil compacted column灰土擠密樁lime soil pile灰土擠密樁。6歡迎下載精品文檔16.chemical stabilization化學(xué)加固法17.surface compaction表層壓實法18.surcharge preloading超載預(yù)壓法19.vacuum preloading真空預(yù)壓法20.sand wick袋裝砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工織物posite foundation復(fù)合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering metho

25、d降低地下水固結(jié)法25.freezing and heating冷熱處理法26.expansive ground treatment膨脹土地基處理27.ground treatment in mountain area山區(qū)地基處理28.collapsible loess treatment濕陷性黃土地基處理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow 褥墊32.soft clay ground軟土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile樹根樁35.plastic drain塑料排水帶36.repl

26、acement ratio（復(fù)合地基）置換率九. 固結(jié) consolidation1.Terzzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基固結(jié)理論2.Barraon s consolidation theory巴隆固結(jié)理論3.Biot s consolidation theory比奧固結(jié)理論4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固結(jié)比5.overconsolidation soil超固結(jié)土6.excess pore water pressure超孔壓力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多維固結(jié)8.one-dimen

27、sional consolidation一維固結(jié)9.primary consolidation主固結(jié)10.secondary consolidation次固結(jié)11.degree of consolidation固結(jié)度12.consolidation test固結(jié)試驗13.consolidation curve固結(jié)曲線14.time factor Tv時間因子15.coefficient of consolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)16.preconsolidation pressure前期固結(jié)壓力17.principle of effective stress18.consolidation un

28、der K0 condition K0固結(jié)十 . 抗剪強度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪強度。7歡迎下載精品文檔2.residual strength殘余強度3.long-term strength長期強度4.peak strength峰值強度5.shear strain rate剪切應(yīng)變速率6.dilatation剪脹7.effective stress approach of shear strength剪脹抗剪強度有效應(yīng)力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪強度總應(yīng)力法9.M

29、ohr-Coulomb theory莫爾庫侖理論10.angle of internal friction內(nèi)摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破壞準(zhǔn)則13.vane strength十字板抗剪強度14.unconfined compression無側(cè)限抗壓強度15.effective stress failure envelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線16.effective stress strength parameter有效應(yīng)力強度參數(shù)十一 . 本構(gòu)模型 -constitutive model1.elastic model彈性模型2.nonlinear e

30、lastic model非線性彈性模型3.elastoplastic model彈塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘彈性模型5.boundary surface model邊界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model 鄧肯張模型7.rigid plastic model剛塑性模型8.cap model 蓋帽模型9.work softening加工軟化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model劍橋模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想彈塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫爾庫侖

31、屈服準(zhǔn)則14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model彈性半空間地基模型16.elastic modulus彈性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克爾地基模型十二 .地基承載力 -bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure沖剪破壞2.general shear failure整體剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破壞4.state of limit equilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài)5.critical

32、 edge pressure臨塑荷載6.stability of foundation soil地基穩(wěn)定性。8歡迎下載精品文檔7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基極限承載力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容許承載力十三 . 土壓力 -earth pressure1.active earth pressure主動土壓力2.passive earth pressure被動土壓力3.earth pressure at rest靜止土壓力4.Coulomb s earth pr

33、essure theory庫侖土壓力理論5.Rankine s earth pressure theory朗金土壓力理論十四 . 土坡穩(wěn)定分析 -slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method畢肖普法3.safety factor of slope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)4.Fellenius method of slices費紐倫斯條分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圓弧滑動法6.slices method條分法十五 .擋土墻 -retaining wall1.stability of retaining w

34、all擋土墻穩(wěn)定性2.foundation wall基礎(chǔ)墻3.counter retaining wall扶壁式擋土墻4.cantilever retaining wall懸臂式擋土墻5.cantilever sheet pile wall懸臂式板樁墻6.gravity retaining wall重力式擋土墻7.anchored plate retaining wall錨定板擋土墻8.anchored sheet pile wall錨定板板樁墻十六 .板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物 -sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile鋼板樁2.reinforced concrete s

35、heet pile鋼筋混凝土板樁3.steel piles鋼樁4.wooden sheet pile木板樁5.timber piles木樁七.深基礎(chǔ) -deep foundation1.pile foundation樁基礎(chǔ)1)cast in-place灌注樁diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注樁bored pile鉆孔樁special-shaped cast-in-place pile機控異型灌注樁。9歡迎下載精品文檔piles set into rock嵌巖灌注樁rammed bulb pile夯擴樁2)belled pier foundation鉆孔墩

36、基礎(chǔ)drilled-pier foundation鉆孔擴底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile預(yù)制混凝土樁4)steel pile鋼樁steel pipe pile鋼管樁steel sheet pile鋼板樁5)prestressed concrete pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁prestressed concrete pipe pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻4.friction pile摩擦樁5.end-bearing pile端承樁6.shaft

37、 豎井；樁身7.wave equation analysis波動方程分析8.pile caps承臺（樁帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile單樁承載力10.lateral pile load test單樁橫向載荷試驗11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile單樁橫向極限承載力12.static load test of pile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗13.vertical allowable load capacity單樁豎向容許承載力14.low pile cap低樁承臺15.high-rise pile cap高樁

38、承臺16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile單樁抗拔極限承載力17.silent piling靜力壓樁18.uplift pile抗拔樁19.anti-slide pile抗滑樁20.pile groups群樁21.efficiency factor of pile groups群樁效率系數(shù)（）22.efficiency of pile groups群樁效應(yīng)23.dynamic pile testing樁基動測技術(shù)24.final set最后貫入度25.dynamic load test of pile樁動荷載試驗26.pile

39、 integrity test樁的完整性試驗27.pile head=butt樁頭28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe樁端（頭）29.pile spacing樁距30.pile plan樁位布置圖31.arrangement of piles =pile layout樁的布置32.group action群樁作用33.end bearing=tip resistance樁端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance樁側(cè)阻。10歡迎下載精品文檔35.pile cushion樁墊36.pile driving(by vibration

40、)（振動）打樁37.pile pulling test拔樁試驗38.pile shoe樁靴39.pile noise打樁噪音40.pile rig打樁機八 . 地基處理 -ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范2.cushion 墊層法3.preloading預(yù)壓法4.dynamic compaction強夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement強夯置換法6.vibroflotation method振沖法7.sand-gravel pile砂石樁8.gr

41、avel pile(stone column)碎石樁9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁10.cement mixing method水泥土攪拌樁11.cement column 水泥樁12.lime pile (lime column)石灰樁13.jet grouting高壓噴射注漿法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯實水泥土樁法15.lime-soil compaction pile灰土擠密樁lime-soil compacted column灰土擠密樁lime soil pile灰土擠密樁16.chemical stabil

42、ization化學(xué)加固法17.surface compaction表層壓實法18.surcharge preloading超載預(yù)壓法19.vacuum preloading真空預(yù)壓法20.sand wick袋裝砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工織物posite foundation復(fù)合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固結(jié)法25.freezing and heating冷熱處理法26.expansive ground treatment膨脹土地基處理27.ground treatment in mou

43、ntain area山區(qū)地基處理28.collapsible loess treatment濕陷性黃土地基處理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow 褥墊32.soft clay ground軟土地基33.sand drain砂井。11歡迎下載精品文檔34.root pile樹根樁35.plastic drain塑料排水帶36.replacement ratio（復(fù)合地基）置換率九. 固結(jié) consolidation1.Terzzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基固結(jié)理論2.Barr

44、aon s consolidation theory巴隆固結(jié)理論3.Biot s consolidation theory比奧固結(jié)理論4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固結(jié)比5.overconsolidation soil超固結(jié)土6.excess pore water pressure超孔壓力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多維固結(jié)8.one-dimensional consolidation一維固結(jié)9.primary consolidation主固結(jié)10.secondary consolidation次固結(jié)11.degree

45、 of consolidation固結(jié)度12.consolidation test固結(jié)試驗13.consolidation curve固結(jié)曲線14.time factor Tv時間因子15.coefficient of consolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)16.preconsolidation pressure前期固結(jié)壓力17.principle of effective stress有效應(yīng)力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固結(jié)十 . 抗剪強度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪強度2.res

46、idual strength殘余強度3.long-term strength長期強度4.peak strength峰值強度5.shear strain rate剪切應(yīng)變速率6.dilatation剪脹7.effective stress approach of shear strength剪脹抗剪強度有效應(yīng)力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪強度總應(yīng)力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫爾庫侖理論10.angle of internal friction內(nèi)摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破壞準(zhǔn)則13.vane strength十字板抗剪強度14.unconfined compression無側(cè)限抗壓強度15.effective stress failure envelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線16.effective stress strength parameter有效應(yīng)力強度參數(shù)。12歡迎下載精品文檔十一 . 本構(gòu)模型 -constitutive model1.elastic model彈性模型2.nonline