無線電信息接收機(jī).

1、無線電信息接收機(jī)發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)無線電信息接收機(jī)發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)1無線信道的基本特性無線信道的基本特性2無線接收機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)無線接收機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)3無線接收機(jī)中的部件無線接收機(jī)中的部件4無線接收機(jī)最新進(jìn)展無線接收機(jī)最新進(jìn)展5軟件無線電發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)軟件無線電發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)1數(shù)字中頻技術(shù)數(shù)字中頻技術(shù)2零中頻技術(shù)零中頻技術(shù)3案例分析案例分析4 ： lgRSSIKALR 無線信道基本特性無線信道基本特性1無線信道非線性效應(yīng)無線信道非線性效應(yīng)2案例分析案例分析3h(, t) s(t)r(t)n(t)21 hh 3/421一般取值為等效地球半徑因子折射率隨高度的變化率實(shí)際地球半徑等效地球半徑其中：KKdhdnRRdhdnRRKRRee為收發(fā)之間

2、的距離。為收發(fā)天線高度，其中：dhhdhhmmEEtr212/1212,22cos21為衰落深度頻率、距離有關(guān)，分別和、關(guān)的因子，表示和地形、氣候有其中：010/0/lg10)()(10)()(/PPFdNfMdNfMPPUrFr10/10FCBdfQAU移動(dòng)無線傳播面臨的是隨時(shí)變化的、復(fù)雜的環(huán)移動(dòng)無線傳播面臨的是隨時(shí)變化的、復(fù)雜的環(huán)境。境。首先，傳播環(huán)境十分復(fù)雜，傳播機(jī)理多種多樣。首先，傳播環(huán)境十分復(fù)雜，傳播機(jī)理多種多樣。幾乎包括了電波傳播的所有過程，如：直射、幾乎包括了電波傳播的所有過程，如：直射、繞射、反射、散射。繞射、反射、散射。其次，由于用戶臺的移動(dòng)性，傳播參數(shù)隨時(shí)變其次，由于用戶臺

3、的移動(dòng)性，傳播參數(shù)隨時(shí)變化，引起接收場強(qiáng)的快速波動(dòng)?；?，引起接收場強(qiáng)的快速波動(dòng)。為此，提出大尺度傳播模型和小尺度傳播模型。為此，提出大尺度傳播模型和小尺度傳播模型。0)(cmT0)( fcfmcTf1)(0;21*0;212121);();(21);,()(ttccttctcEtdeffjcC2)()(0t)( tCdcBt1)(t0)(CSdBct)(0*0);();(21);()(ffCCttfCtfCEtfttdetStjCC2)()(q 其它模型其它模型l HataHata模型的模型的PCSPCS擴(kuò)展擴(kuò)展l WalfishBertoniWalfishBertoni模型模型l 寬帶寬帶P

4、CSPCS微蜂窩模型微蜂窩模型的正態(tài)隨機(jī)變量表示標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為為路徑損耗指數(shù)，其中：XnXddndPLdBPL)log(10)()(00),()()(thtxty51501ccBB或，/vfmmcmcmcfTfTfT423. 0169,1或，或0, 00),2exp()(222rrrrrp。為特定電平的歸一化值其中：,22efNmRq 平均衰落時(shí)段：平均衰落時(shí)段：接收信號低于某指定電接收信號低于某指定電平平R的平均時(shí)間段的值。的平均時(shí)間段的值。表示為：表示為：212mfe)()exp()()exp()(2211tjtjthb( )( )cos( )sinRe( )( )Re ( )cccIcQcj

5、tjtIQjts ts ttstts t ejst es t e ( )Re ( )cjtr tr t en t 8226F222323 10()350 10L =-10log=-10log=83.3dB(4) d(4)(1 10 )muA(350MHz(1km)16dBAREAG3dBteteh30G(h )=20log()=20log()=-46dB200200rereh1.7G(h )=10log()=10log()=-2.5dB3350FmutereAREAL (dB)=L +A(f,d)-G(h )-G(h )-G=83.3dB+16dB-(-46dB)-(-2.5dB)-3dB=1

6、44.8dBr50rP (d)=EIPR(dBm)-L (dB)+G (dB)=30dBm-144.8dB+2dB=-112.8dBmS=-174+5+10lg(10103)+10=-119dBm接收機(jī)指標(biāo)分析及測試接收機(jī)指標(biāo)分析及測試1案例分析案例分析3高線性動(dòng)態(tài)接收機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方法高線性動(dòng)態(tài)接收機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方法224nVkTBR1010dBm10log10logAPkTB1ooiiNSNSF輸出端信噪比輸入端信噪比oiNFGNdBdBdBoiNNFGNiNkTB1aoNNGkTBFGkTBoNFGkTB2121121211ooNNFFFG kTBGG kTBG312111212111nnFFFFFGG

7、GGGGminSNPDkTF B231.38 10J/Kmin17410lg10lg10lg(dBm)SNPDFB ,111dBin dBdBPPG31 2sinIPRP 3323IPPIMin171 10lg10lgNMDSFB 332uMSDPIP3123uPMDSIPL310210log171 dBm3uSFDRPPIPNFB RF1dBDRPMDS |( ,1,2,)pqLsIfpfqffF p q 1sIpffqpIKLpfffqq0,1pqKIff1,1pqKLIfffLfKfsfIfIff鏡像干擾本振信號有用信號 33244cos33()cos22iiiLLSLSiiIta Va

8、 VVa V Vt 001120022(cos1cos)cos2sSSSksif Vf V mtfV V mtt 2002201122011cos2cos12SkfSkfV V mtKf V mtmfVmf干擾信號所轉(zhuǎn)移的調(diào)制有用信號調(diào)制 121212122121221221coscoscos()cos() 3cos(2)43cos(2)4ssssssssssssssssiftftf V VttfV VtfV Vt .3121)0(332210 2 vavavaavfvfvffiReceiverGainAGCPin(dBm)0-20-60-40-80-100-120Pout(dBm)0-5-1

9、5-10-20高增益高增益低增益輸入動(dòng)態(tài)范圍輸出動(dòng)態(tài)范圍輸出動(dòng)態(tài)范圍輸入信號功率基帶處理基帶處理CaVeKP1CaVioeKVV121lnVaV22( )()( )(ln)crroVF s VVF s VK VicoVKaVV1lnlniocVKVaV1lnln21ln)(ln)(ln)(1 lnKsaFKVsaFVsaFVriorioVsaFVsaFV)(ln)(1 lnooVV10log3 . 2lnoooVVV115. 0203 . 2ln)(1)(7 . 8)(1saFVsaFsaFeerio)0(1aFeeio1/)(BsKsFaKeeio1aKaKVaKeerio1655. 811

10、)1 (11aKBsBsaKeeioMLaKB)1 (aCsaVaCssseserio6 . 8)()(CVterot6 . 8)(limFVVVorc)(iiiiiodVdPVPPVdVddVdV)(iocioocciccidVdVFdVdPdVdVdVdVdVdPdVdVdVdPdVdP)(PdVdPFVdVdVciio)1 (1)1 (ciiioodVdPFVVdVVdVcidVdPVsFL)(iVsKLssVViii)(iiooKVssVV)(tKViooietVV)(TRVVsceII/ToVVscsiieIIRVI/ssiToIRVVVlnVGA可變增益放大器可變增益放大器AGC設(shè)

11、計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)VGA可變增益放大器可變增益放大器dBNNS12)(系統(tǒng)線性度指標(biāo)系統(tǒng)線性度指標(biāo)11112,123.1.ninnGGGGGIPIPIPIPIPLGIPIPin,3系統(tǒng)總噪聲系數(shù)計(jì)算及靈敏度指標(biāo)系統(tǒng)總噪聲系數(shù)計(jì)算及靈敏度指標(biāo)321112121111.nnFFFFFGGGGGGMDSPdBDRdBin1 ,)(3210log171953SFDRIPNFBdBmdB3211200.02792MHzHzFETFETFETFET輸入輸入匹配匹配輸入輸入匹配匹配輸入輸入匹配匹配輸入輸入匹配匹配RF RF 輸入輸入NFNF= =1 1. .2 2dBdB; ;IPIP3 3=+=+4242dBmdBm

12、G G= =1818dB dB ; ;P P1 1dBdB=+=+2323dBm dBm FETFET參數(shù)參數(shù): :前端預(yù)選器與系統(tǒng)中的濾波器實(shí)現(xiàn)前端預(yù)選器與系統(tǒng)中的濾波器實(shí)現(xiàn)圖圖6 6- -5 5 預(yù)選器濾波器組結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)選器濾波器組結(jié)構(gòu)2-3MHz3-5MHz5-8MHz8-13MHz20-30MHz13-20MHz單刀六擲開關(guān)單刀六擲開關(guān)HITTITEHITTITE公司公司HMCHMC252252QSQS2424DCDC3 3GHzGHzL L0 0. .8 8dBdBIPIP3 34646dBmdBmDDSDDS2 2TXCOTXCO120120MHZMHZDDSDDS1 1MCUMCUF

13、cFc= =4040MHzMHz* *2 2倍頻器倍頻器FoFo= =6565MHzMHzBWBW= =1515MHzMHzAMPAMP. .衰減器衰減器LoLo. .1 1 + +1010dBmdBmstepstep= =1010KHzKHz5050. .8 87878. .8 8MHzMHz2525. .4 43939. .9 9MHzMHz衰減器衰減器AMPAMP. .FcFc= =4040MHzMHzLoLo. .2 2 + +1010dBmdBmstepstep= =1 11010HzHzfofo= =3838. .1 1MHzMHzTXCOTXCO1010. .245245MHZM

14、HZAMPAMP. .衰減器衰減器LoLo. .3 3 + +1010dBmdBmfofo= =1010. .245245MHzMHz混頻器設(shè)計(jì)混頻器設(shè)計(jì)1LNA和限幅器設(shè)計(jì)和限幅器設(shè)計(jì)2VGA設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)3對數(shù)中放設(shè)計(jì)對數(shù)中放設(shè)計(jì)4AFC設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)6案例分析案例分析8單脈沖雷達(dá)接收機(jī)單脈沖雷達(dá)接收機(jī)7AGC設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)522minoptopt()()nsssRFFGGBBG2minopt1212uncnccnGFRGGRGGR optcBB 2optucnGGGR222112212212111221222122111211SSkSSSSSSSS11221221S SS S2minoptnssRFFYY

15、G2minoptnssGFFZZRoptopt0opt11YY2soptmin220sopt411nRFFZ1221in11221LLS SSS1221out22111SSS SSS*12211111222211LLSLLS SSSSS *12212222111111SSLSLS SSSSS 2*111MS1111422CBBCCC*11122CSS222122111SSB 2*222ML2221422CBBCCC*22211CSS222211221SSB ML1221*MS11ML221S SSSMS1221*ML22MS111S SSSo11o1inLVKVVVin1iain1ia()()

16、VVVVoinlgVkVini1omLVK VVmVini11lglgVmKVinoi1lglgLVVVKVoininoooioinoilg()()aaabbVKVVVVVVVVVViniiainiiniabbVVVVVVVoin/1ddadKKKVVKiniiiniiniaabbVVVVVVV1ininaV KV1inoooilg()naaaV KVVVV2ininaV KV2inooilg()naaaV KVVV2inoinoiooooi()lg()()nbbaabaaV KVVVVVVVVV3inoooooilg()2()naabaaV KVVVVVVinoooooilg()(1)()n

17、 maabaaV KVVVmVVV21oinininin21in()()nnDnnDVKKVK VKVK VK VKKKKi1o1221/1111()nLDLDLnnVVKVK VK VKKKK1i2o122/1112()nLDLDLnVVKVK VK VKKK1io12/111()n mmLDLDLn mVVKVmK VK VKKKinon/LDLVVKVnK V1i1lg()lgnmLV KmKV1io2111lg()()lgnmDLmn mLV KK VVKVKKK1inini1/nLnLVVKDRKVVK111dtB1dtLC LC1/ddLCttnWLRCoHioiL(1)1VKVV

18、VV iLHiLH/VVKVVKoHiL(1)n mVKVmVLHi11H/(1)nVKVKLo1LHVVVKLHi2Hi12H/(1)(1)nVKVKVKLo2Lo1LH2VVVVVK1LHiHi1H/(1)(1)mmn mVKVKVKLoLo1LH(1)mVVmVVmVK1LiHi1H(1)nnVVKVKLoLo1LH(1)nVVnVVnVKLi1HH1H(1)(1)nniVVKKVKLo1Lo1LH(1)nVVnVVmVKiHi111lg()lg(1)mVmKV iLoo1Hi1lg()lg(1)mmVVVVKVLHLi11HH/(1)(1)nnVKVVKKLo1LLHVVVVKi1Hi

19、1L(1)nnVKVVo1o1LL(1)nVVnVnVin 1inHi1(1)nVDRKV1inHH1(dB)20lg(1)20lgnDRKKnH1Ko1Loo1L(1)1nVnVDRnVV1iHi1(1)mxVKV 1oHi1L(1)mxeVKVmV 1LoHo1HLLLHLHlg(1)lg(1)(1)1mxeVVKVKVmx VVKVmxK 1oooHi1LH1(1)()mxetVVVKVVxK Li1H/11lglg(1)lg(1)HVVxmKK od()0dVxHomaxLHHH111lglg(1)lg(1)KVVKKKHomaxHHHmaxHoHHH111lglg(1)lg(1)11

20、lglg(1)lg(1)tKVKKKKVmKKK442OACEIII L14222OAPOAPIVRIR44e4C mCPPVIRI P e4ibee42( 56)1mIVrIRR ie4be2/(1)56mVIrRRi4be2/(1)5mPC mV RVrR4Hibe2/(1)5C mPmVRKVrRbe12(/(1)2)PLRKrRe2o1L2nPIVVRoe22EIIe22oBII22DEke22d/d2DEeke21 1eAe2DDEkeE2ddDEke1eCaVpGKoi1eCaVVVK21lnVaV 222olnlnCrrrVF sVVF sVaVF sVaK Vo1io1ilnl

21、nlnlnCCVaVKVaVVKV 22oi12ln1lnlnrVa F sVKa F s KaF s V212lnKa K010oln2.3lgVV o228.711riaF s Veea F sa F s io210eea Fio221111SeBeSa KBa K等強(qiáng)信號方向0圖11 振幅定向法單脈沖雷達(dá)測角等強(qiáng)信號方向天線11RR2Rl圖 12 相位定向法單脈沖雷達(dá)測角混頻器對數(shù)中頻放大器檢波器本振減法電路混頻器對數(shù)中頻放大器檢波器2( )f1( )f( )s圖13 振幅角度鑒別器方框圖自適應(yīng)天線自適應(yīng)天線1分集技術(shù)分集技術(shù)2軟件無線電軟件無線電3案例分析案例分析41122sinsin

22、sinsincossincossin02222iqiqddddWWWW1122sinsinsinsincossincossin02222qiqiddddWWWW1122sinsinsinsincossincossin12222iqiqddddWWWW1122sinsinsinsincossincossin02222qiqiddddWWWWout12expj( sin )/2exp j( sin )/2SW sdW sdout12expj( sin )/2exp j( sin )/2NW ndW nd111iqWWjW1sin( sin )/2cos( sin )/22sin (sinsin )

23、/2idjdWd 1exp( sin )/22sin (sinsin )/2qjj dWd 222iqWWjW2sin( sin )/2cos( sin )/22sin (sinsin )/2idjdWd 2exp( sin )/22sin (sinsin )/2qjj dWd5.2 分集技術(shù)分集技術(shù)分集方式采用什么途徑接收分集信號？采用什么途徑接收分集信號？q空間分集：不同天線的接收信號相互獨(dú)立；空間分集：不同天線的接收信號相互獨(dú)立；q極化分集：水平極化和垂直極化極化分集：水平極化和垂直極化的信號相互的信號相互獨(dú)獨(dú)立立；q頻率分集：不同頻率頻率分集：不同頻率的的接收信號相互獨(dú)立；接收信號相互獨(dú)立；q時(shí)間分集時(shí)間分集：不同時(shí)間的接收信號相互獨(dú)立。：不同時(shí)間的接收信號相互獨(dú)立。合并方式從分集信號中以什么方式作為輸出？從分集信號中以什么方式作為輸出？q選擇選擇式式合并合并：選擇最好的支路作為輸出，其它支：選擇最好的支路作為