獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)課件

1、Independent Nominative獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)It rained.I stayed at home.怎樣將兩個(gè)句子合并？怎樣將兩個(gè)句子合并？要求：可以使用連詞連詞，請(qǐng)將句子合并成并列句并列句。 It rain so/and I stayed at home.并列連詞：and, or, but, so, for, when, while, neithernor, eitheror, notbut, not onlybut also要求：可以使用連詞連詞，請(qǐng)將句子合并為復(fù)合句復(fù)合句。 Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.

2、要求：不適用連詞不適用連詞，將兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子一個(gè)句子。 It raining, I stayed at home.比較三句： It rain so/and I stayed at home. Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home. It raining, I stayed at home.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念： “獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語(yǔ)，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)作為邏輯謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒(méi)有關(guān)系，通常稱為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：

3、沒(méi)有連接詞，獨(dú)立主格部分用“ ，”與主句分開(kāi)。 兩個(gè)句子分別有自己的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，即獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句 的主語(yǔ)不同。獨(dú)立主格部分中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與其后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式形成邏輯主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能：“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中的功能就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有自己主語(yǔ)的非限制性狀語(yǔ)從句。眾所周知非限制性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，從而依附于主句。而有些非限制性從句和無(wú)動(dòng)詞從句帶有自己的主語(yǔ)，在結(jié)構(gòu)上與主句不發(fā)生關(guān)系，因此成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其實(shí)，雖然叫做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，并不是真正的獨(dú)立，它還是一種從屬分句，在句中有多種作用。如：表原因、表

4、條件、表方式、表伴隨、表時(shí)間等，在句中通常起狀語(yǔ)作用。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，常用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。例如： 。 表示時(shí)間表示時(shí)間 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開(kāi)完會(huì)后我們都回家了。 the meeting being over 相當(dāng)于 when the meeting was over Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下來(lái)喝茶。 her work done 相

5、當(dāng)于 when her work was done 表示條件表示條件 The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若條件有利，他或許能成功。 If the condition is favorable 表示原因表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒(méi)有出租車，我們只好步行。 Since there was no taxis, He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑 又冷，所以他把她裹得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)的

6、。 as the night was dark and frosty 表示伴隨情況表示伴隨情況 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體。 (=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個(gè)人干兩個(gè)人的活。 獨(dú)立

7、主格結(jié)構(gòu)功能說(shuō)明：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)功能說(shuō)明：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、條件或原因時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時(shí)還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，通常放于句末。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞：Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow 名詞(代詞)+形容詞：the condition favorable名詞(代詞)+副詞：the meeting (being) over.（上也有此句） There being+名詞： there being nothing el

8、se to do, we went home 名詞(代詞)+不定式：She proposed a picnic, she herself to pay the railway tickets, and Mary to provide the food. 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語(yǔ)： the teacher entered the classroom, book in hand It being + 名詞：It being Xmas, the government office was closed 名詞名詞/代詞代詞+形容詞形容詞 The men moved slowly forward, ne

9、ck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them. It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open. 名詞名詞/代詞代詞+副詞副詞 Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking. 名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天來(lái)了，天氣越來(lái)越冷了。 The rain

10、having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散步。 名詞名詞/代詞代詞+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 “Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised . The question being settled, we wound up the meeting. 問(wèn)題解決之后，我 們結(jié)束了會(huì)議。 名詞名詞/代詞（主格）代詞（主格）+不定式不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the

11、 procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我們十點(diǎn)四十五分集合，隊(duì)伍十一點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)出發(fā)。 We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 我們進(jìn)行了分工，他擦窗戶，我掃地 。 Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 這是前兩卷，第三卷將于下月問(wèn)世。 The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go

12、home, the other to go to his friends. 兩個(gè)男孩彼此道了別，一個(gè)回了家，另一個(gè)去了他朋友家。 名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ) I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand. He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand. 名詞名詞/代詞代詞+名詞名詞 he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗著，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 . The huntsman entered the forest, gun

13、 in hand. 那位獵人手里提著槍走進(jìn)了樹林。 With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格 表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised 【rising亦可】 。 with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有三種類型：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有三種類型： 1. 邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞） 2. 邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)+(being

14、)+表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)) 3. with/without + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) （不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去 分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)）短語(yǔ)）1. Darkness _ in, the young people strolled on the streets. A. set B. setting C. has set D. was set2. A new technique _, the production increased by 20 percent. A. to have been wor

15、ked outB. having worked out C. working out D. having been worked out3. There are various kinds of metals, each _ its own properties (特性特性). A. has B. had C. to have D. having 【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】4. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times p

16、ermitting5. _, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said6. She stood there, _ from her cheeks. A. tears rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】（二）無(wú)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（二）無(wú)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1. _ no bus, w

17、e had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were2. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 3. _, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 4. ; we had to put the meeting off. A. Because the manager was ill B. The manager being ill C. The manager was ill D. Being ill（三）（三）“with/ without”引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent