現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講和專練

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講和專練 I. 定義：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)II 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：have/has+done(過去分詞)否定句：主語+have/has+not+done(過去分詞)+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+done(過去分詞)+其他.簡略答語:Yes,主語+have/has.(肯定) No,主語+havent/hasnt.(否定)注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for，since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。用來持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或表過去重復(fù)的

2、動(dòng)作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經(jīng)歷）引導(dǎo)的詞語連用。如：Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。 III 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過去完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常和，ever,never,twice（once）,sofar（到目前為止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears（在過去幾年）,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑問句）,just(剛剛),before（以前）,recently（近來）等詞連用。說明：already與

3、yet都有“已經(jīng)”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，并用于句末。例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaventfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Theyhave alreadyleft.(他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里)Ihavehad alreadymylunch.(我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓)Icantfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,

4、甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手。for+時(shí)段since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過去從句）為標(biāo)志注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能與when連用IV.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法2 A表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結(jié)果）。例如：Thecarhasarrived.車子來了。（結(jié)果：車子已在門口） Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）B.表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以

5、和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,如for+時(shí)間段、since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、疑問詞howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在這個(gè)工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自從2002年Mr.Black一直住在中國。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你來這里多久了？注意：此種用法中表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（否定句除外）。例如：(1)這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了。錯(cuò)誤：Ihaveboughtthebookforthre

6、emonths.正確：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.(2)你哥哥參軍多長時(shí)間了？錯(cuò)誤：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?正確：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier? 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換leave-beaway borrow-keep buy-have die-bedeadbegin/start-beon finish-beover fallill-beill getup-beup catchacold-haveacold putonwear come/be

7、come/go-behere fallasleep-beasleep getto/arrive/reach-be(in) gettoknow-know join-beamemberof（成為的一員) join the army- be in the army move to - be in/at +地點(diǎn)open-beopen close-beclosed 用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換短暫性動(dòng)詞，句中謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語為“for時(shí)間段” 或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如：HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears. HehasbeenamemberoftheGre

8、enChinaforthreeyears.他加入“綠色中國”已經(jīng)三年了。 Theoldmandied4yearsago.-Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.-HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.-Ihavehadthebookfor5days.表示時(shí)間段的短語有: for+一段時(shí)間(for2years),since+從句(sincehecamehere),since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞(sincelastyear,since5daysago),howlong

9、;foralongtime等。V.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1. 一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過去時(shí)和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：ago,lastweek/. In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday.Then(那時(shí)),thatday,oneda

10、y,once(從前)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和recently（近來），ever,never,twice,sofar（到目前為止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑問句）,just(剛剛),before（以前連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know. VI. 比較since和for: since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for后接時(shí)間段，試比較： Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyear

11、s.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn. Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime. VII. 比較have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeenin have(has)beento.表示“曾去過某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來了”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has)goneto表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒有回來”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：si

12、nce,for,howlong等 HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海.(但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了)HehasgonetoShanghai. 他已經(jīng)去上海了.(也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上，反正他人不在這里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)(一)A)選用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ w

13、on the game.B)按要求改寫下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)_C) 單項(xiàng)選擇6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. I

14、ts six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)（二）一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will kn

15、ow2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has cha

16、nged ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I

17、_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have fin

18、ished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurr

19、y up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been

20、to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle_for more than 9 year

21、s. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句）2、They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問)_they been here?3、The old man _ last year. Hefor a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory

22、_ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has

23、arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)_三、 漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以前到過長城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、 她去過上海。6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案：一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c(diǎn)在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正

24、好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過去時(shí)）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8應(yīng)選B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：