汽車工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)(21-24)

1、 Automotive engineering English2.1 Principle of Operation2.2 Engine Block and Cylinder Head2.3 Piston, Connecting Rod and Crankshaft2.4 Engine and Transmission Mounting2.5 Valve System2.1 工作原理2.2 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)體和氣缸蓋2.3 活塞、連桿和曲軸2.4 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器組件2.5 氣門系統(tǒng)Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering Eng

2、lish2.6 Gasoline Fuel System2.7 Diesel Engine2.8 Engine Cooling2.9 Engine Lubrication2.10 Emission2.6 汽油燃料系統(tǒng)2.7 柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)2.8 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的冷卻2.9 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的潤(rùn)滑2.10 排放第二章第二章 內(nèi)燃機(jī)內(nèi)燃機(jī) Automotive engineering EnglishChapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.1 Principle of Operation2.1.1 Energy and po

3、wer: Energy is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. 21 工作原理211 能源和動(dòng)力能源用于產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力。燃料以控制的速率燃燒，燃料中的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)換為熱能。這個(gè)過(guò)程叫做燃燒。Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English If

4、engine combustion occurs within the power chamber, the engine is called an Internal combustion Engine. If engine takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine.如果發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒發(fā)生在動(dòng)力室內(nèi)，這種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)叫做內(nèi)燃機(jī)。如果燃燒發(fā)生在氣缸外，這樣的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)叫做外燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive eng

5、ineering English Engines used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released inthe combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases within the chamber. 汽車使用的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是內(nèi)燃熱發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。在燃燒室內(nèi)釋放的熱能提高了室內(nèi)燃燒氣體的溫度。Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering Engli

6、sh The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressuredeveloped within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power. 氣體溫度的增加使氣體的壓力增加。在燃燒室內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的壓力氣體溫度的增加使氣體的壓力增

7、加。在燃燒室內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的壓力作用于活塞的頂部，產(chǎn)生機(jī)械力，這個(gè)力轉(zhuǎn)換成有用的機(jī)械作用于活塞的頂部，產(chǎn)生機(jī)械力，這個(gè)力轉(zhuǎn)換成有用的機(jī)械動(dòng)力。動(dòng)力。Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.1.2 Engine terms Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaftcauses the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke uses up the gas, s

8、o means must beprovided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture: this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;活塞通過(guò)連桿和曲軸連接，使得氣體帶動(dòng)曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)半圈。作功沖程耗盡了所有的氣體，這樣就必須采取相應(yīng)的措施排出廢氣以及向氣缸內(nèi)充入新鮮的可燃混合氣：氣體的運(yùn)動(dòng)由氣門來(lái)控制.Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineer

9、ing English2.1.2: Engine Terms TDC（top dead center）: the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft. BDC（bottom dead center）: the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest away from the crankshaft.Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automo

10、tive engineering EnglishChapter 2 Internal Combustion Engineswept volume:the volume between TDCand BDC.Clearance volume:the volume of space abovethe piston when it is at TDC.Engine capacity:this is the swept volume ofall cylinders. Automotive engineering EnglishChapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine A

11、utomotive engineering English2.1.3: The four strokes Spark-ignition Engine cycleIntake (induction) strokeCompression strokePower strokeExhaust strokeChapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering EnglishChapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine2.1.4:Engine Overall MechanicsCrankshaft and con

12、nectingrods systemValve systemFuel systemIgnition systemCooling systemLubrication systemStarting system Automotive engineering English2.2： Engine block and cylinder head Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.2.1: Engine block: The engine block is the basic frame of the

13、 engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders, water jackets, and oil galleries. The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block.氣缸體是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基體。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)其它的部件都安裝在缸體內(nèi)或固定在缸體上，它包容了氣缸、水套和油道，以及固定在缸體底部的曲軸等。 Chapter 2 Internal Combus

14、tion Engine Automotive engineering English2.2.1: Engine block: The camshaft also fits inside the block, except on overhead-cam engine (OHC). In most cars, this block is made of gray iron, or an alloy (mixture) of gray iron and other metals, such as nickel or chromium. Engine blocks are casting.Chapt

15、er 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.2.1: Engine block: Some engine block, especially those in smaller cars, are made of cast aluminum. This metal is much lighter than iron. However, iron wears better than aluminum. Therefore, the cylinders in most aluminum engine are line

16、d with iron or steel sleeves. These sleeves are called cylinder sleeves. Some engine blocks are made entirely of aluminum.Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.2.1: Engine block: Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.2.2: Cylinder sleeve:

17、 The dry sleeve can be cast in or pressed into a new block or used to recondition badly worn or damaged cylinders that cannot easily be rebored.干式缸套可以鑄進(jìn)或壓入新氣缸體中，或者用于嚴(yán)重磨損或損壞而又不易重鏜的缸體的修復(fù)。Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.2.3: Cylinder head:The cylinder head fastens t

18、o the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the piston. In-line engines of light vehicles have just one cylinder headfor all cylinders; larger in-line engines can have two or more.氣缸蓋扣在缸體的頂部，就像屋頂安在房子上一樣。缸蓋的下方和活塞頂部形成燃燒室。輕型車的直列發(fā)動(dòng)

19、機(jī)所有缸僅有一個(gè)氣缸蓋，較大的直列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有兩個(gè)或更多缸蓋。 Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English The cylinder head carries the valves, valvesprings and the rockers on the rocker shaft, this part of the valve gear being worked by push-rods.缸蓋上有氣門、氣門彈簧和搖臂軸上的搖臂，推桿推動(dòng)這部分氣門傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)工作。 Chapter 2 Internal Comb

20、ustion Engine Automotive engineering EnglishChapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.2.4:Gasket Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.2.5: Oil pan or Sump: The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all

21、 working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus, there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.潤(rùn)滑系的機(jī)油泵從油底殼抽出機(jī)油，并把機(jī)油輸送給發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的所有工作部件。機(jī)油從油底殼流進(jìn)流出。因而在油底殼和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工作部件之間有機(jī)油定向循環(huán)流動(dòng)。Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineer

22、ing English2.3: Piston, connecting Rod and Crankshaft Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.3.2: Piston assembly Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force created by the burning fuel mixture.

23、 This force turns the crankshaft. 大多數(shù)活塞由鋁鑄造而成。 通過(guò)連桿，活塞把可燃混合 氣燃燒所產(chǎn)生的力傳遞給曲 軸，并帶動(dòng)曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English1.Piston Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2. Piston Rings In modern engines, each piston has three rings. (Piston in

24、 older engines sometimes had four rings, or even five.) The inside surface of the ring fits in the groove on the piston The rings outside surface presses against the cylinder walls.在新型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上，每個(gè)活塞有三個(gè)活塞環(huán)。（在老式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上，每個(gè)活塞有四個(gè)甚至五個(gè)活塞環(huán)。）環(huán)的內(nèi)邊面緊貼在活塞的環(huán)槽里，環(huán)的外表面緊壓在氣缸壁上。Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive

25、 engineering English3. Piston Pin Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.3.3 Connecting Rod The connecting rod little end is connected to the piston pin. A bush made from a soft metal, such as bronze, is used for this joint. The lower end of the connecting rod fit the c

26、rankshaft journal. This is called the big end.連桿小頭與活塞銷連接，小頭孔處壓有諸如青銅這種較軟材料所制成的襯套，連桿下端連接在曲軸的連桿軸徑處，稱為連桿大頭。Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering EnglishConnecting Rod Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering EnglishConnecting Rod Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Eng

27、ine Automotive engineering English2.3.4 Crankshaft Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.3.5 Cylinder number and firing order: Crank arrangement of engines: four cylinders six cylindersChapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering EnglishCylinder number a

28、nd firing order: No.4 piston is always performing the companion stroke to No.1: when the inlet valve in No.4 cylinder is fully open, No.1 cylinder inlet valve is fully closed - this feature is useful to remember when checking valve clearances.注意4號(hào)活塞和1號(hào)活塞總是成對(duì)運(yùn)行：4號(hào)氣缸進(jìn)氣門全閉時(shí)，1號(hào)氣缸進(jìn)氣門全開這個(gè)特點(diǎn)在檢查氣門間隙時(shí)是很有用的。

29、Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.3.6 Flywheel Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English2.3.7 Torsional vibration balancer: As each cylinder fires, it causes the crank throw to speed up. The inertia of the rest of shaft cause it to stay sl

30、ightly behind, resultingin a twisting action on the crankshaft.當(dāng)一缸點(diǎn)火時(shí)，使曲軸擺幅的速度提高，而其它軸的慣性阻礙它，使其滯后，從而導(dǎo)致曲軸扭轉(zhuǎn)。 Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English The inertia ring is bonded to the hub through a flexible elastomer (rubber compound) insert. The inertial ring moves slightly

31、 in relation tocrankshaft rotation as each cylinder fires, thereby dampening the torsional vibration of the crankshaft over a wide range of engine speed.慣性盤通過(guò)一層由橡膠合成的可變形人造橡膠層與減振器圓盤相連在每個(gè)汽缸點(diǎn)火時(shí)，慣性盤相對(duì)于曲軸運(yùn)動(dòng)做微小轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，用以削減發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)較大速度范圍.Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English Chapter 2 I

32、nternal Combustion EnginehubInertial ringelastomer Automotive engineering English 汽車英語(yǔ)專業(yè)詞組汽車英語(yǔ)專業(yè)詞組2.1chemical energy 化學(xué)能化學(xué)能internal combustion engine 內(nèi)燃機(jī)內(nèi)燃機(jī)inlet valve 進(jìn)氣閥進(jìn)氣閥exhaust valve 排氣閥排氣閥TDC 上止點(diǎn)上止點(diǎn)BDC 下止點(diǎn)下止點(diǎn)swept volume 有效有效/工作容積工作容積engine capacity 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量clearance volume 燃燒室容積燃燒室容積pression ratio 壓縮比壓縮比Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine Automotive engineering English 汽車英語(yǔ)專業(yè)詞組汽車英語(yǔ)專業(yè)詞組2.1 kinetic energy 動(dòng)能動(dòng)能 induction/intake stroke 進(jìn)氣行程進(jìn)氣行程 compression stroke 壓縮行程壓縮行程 power stroke 做功行程做功行程 exhaust stroke 排氣行程排氣行程11. engine block 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體Chapter 2 In