八英下Unit9語法課件

1、the Present Perfect Tensethe Present Perfect Tense現(xiàn)在完成時助動詞助動詞have (has)+過去分詞過去分詞done一、結(jié)構(gòu)一、結(jié)構(gòu) 助動詞助動詞have (has)+過去分詞過去分詞done肯定句： He has finished the work. 否定句 ：He has not finished the work.一般疑問句 ：Has he finished the work? Yes ,he has. /No, he hasnt.特殊疑問句 : What has he done? 肯定句： They have cleaned the

2、room. 否定句 ：They have not cleaned the room.一般疑問句 ：Have they cleaned the room? Yes ,they have . /No, they havent . 特殊疑問句 : What have they done? past now Yesterday , we cleaned the classroom.Now , the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.用法用法1強調(diào)強調(diào)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果結(jié)果或影響?；蛴绊?。 二、用法1. M

3、y father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _2. I saw this film last week.Now, I know this film because I_.3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have done it.I have l

4、ost my wallet.(含義是含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Jane has just had lunch.(含義是含義是:簡現(xiàn)在不餓了簡現(xiàn)在不餓了.) I have ever been to The Great Wall.(含義是含義是:我對長城的景觀有所了解。我對長城的景觀有所了解。) Tom has returned the book to me. (含義是含義是:書現(xiàn)在在我這。書現(xiàn)在在我這。) “仍然，還仍然，還 ” 用在用在疑問句疑問句和和否定句否定句中，中，放在句末。放在句末。I havent read this book yet .Have you had

5、breakfast yet ?already:Yet:“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”通常用于通常用于肯定句肯定句,放在句中或句放在句中或句末。末。 I have already read this book.（有時，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。（有時，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?）副詞標志：副詞標志：already、yet、ever、never、just、before“從來不從來不” 用在用在否定句否定句中中,放在句中。放在句中。Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .evernever“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)

6、”通常用于通常用于疑問句疑問句和和肯定句肯定句中中,放在句中。放在句中。 I have ever seen this film.Have you ever been to the USA ?“以前以前”用在用在肯定句肯定句、否定句否定句和和疑問句疑問句，放在句末。放在句末。She has been to Beijing before.have never read this kind of books before.Have you taken a plane before?justbefore“剛剛剛剛 ”用在用在肯定句，肯定句，放在句中。放在句中。 I have just bought a

7、 novel. She has already read this book. I havent read this book yet . Have you had breakfast yet ? They have ever seen this film. Have you ever been to the USA ? I have never heard of him . He has never been to Shanghai. I have just bought a novel. She has been to Beijing before.have never read this

8、 kind of books before. Have you taken a plane before?用already、yet、ever、never、just、before填空。填空。1.I have seen the film . 2.Has he finished his work ? Not . 3.She has been to Beijing . 4.I have found my pen. 5.I have not finished the work . 6.Have you bought a computer ?7.Have you seen pandas? 8.He has

9、 done his work. ever/never/alreadybeforeyetyetalready/justyetbefore/alreadybefore /yeteveralready/justnow past Mr. Yan began to work at Nianzi Middle school in 2008.Mr. Yan has taught at Nianzi Middle school for 5 years.用法用法2 2：表示過去已經(jīng)開始一直表示過去已經(jīng)開始一直延續(xù)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。動作或狀態(tài)。 1. I am a doctor. I began t

10、o work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I （work） for four years.2. They went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . They (stay) in the USA since last Monday.3.The Greens moved to China in 2000.They (live) in China since 2000.have workedhave stayedhave lived三、時間狀語：三、時間狀語：for + for + 時間段時間段for 2 years/

11、a long timefor 2 years/a long time + +過去的時間點過去的時間點 sincesince + +一般過去時態(tài)的句子一般過去時態(tài)的句子 since last weeksince last weekThey have lived here They have lived here sincesince they moved here. they moved here.( (此外常用的還有此外常用的還有so farso far、in the lastin the last、in in the past)the past)一、用一、用for和和since填空。填空。_

12、three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince 1.Theyve known each other since_. A.1995 B. three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_. A. last year

13、B. one year 3. She has been a doctor for_. A. two years B.two years ago 4. Ive had a headache since_. A. I got up this morning B. five hours 5. Weve been here for_. A. one hour B. one oclock AABAB6. My parents have owned this house for_. A. a long time B. many years ago7. Theyve been in love since_.

14、 A. last spring B. three months8. We have known each other since_. A. one year B. last year9. -How long have you been like this? -Since_. A.last night B. two days10.-How long has she worked here? -She has worked here for_. A. 1993 B. six yearsAABAB非延續(xù)性動詞（瞬間動詞）非延續(xù)性動詞（瞬間動詞） 延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞leavebe away (fro

15、m) borrowkeep buyhave begin (start)be on diebe dead finishbe over openbe open closebe closed put onwear catch a coldhave a cold get to /arrive/reachbe (in)come /go/get/becomebe get upbe upjoinbe a member of +組織/be in+組織 注意：非延續(xù)性動詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)注意：非延續(xù)性動詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)I havent bought anything for two

16、 days.He has borrowed the book for two months.()瞬間動詞表示的動作是一時的，不能延續(xù)，不能與瞬間動詞表示的動作是一時的，不能延續(xù)，不能與for、since等表示一段時間的詞連用，也不能用于等表示一段時間的詞連用，也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的疑問句中。引導(dǎo)的疑問句中。The old man has died for one year.()The old man has been dead for one year.()He has kept the book for two months.()動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有

17、以下四種：原形+ed 如：worked, passed 詞尾是e時，直接加d 如：liked lived若詞尾為“輔音字母+y”，則改y為i加ed。 study-studied carry-carried末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加ed. 如： stopped dropped 動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則動詞的過去式以及過去分詞巧記規(guī)律AAA: put put put letlet letABA: becomebecamebecomeABB: standstoodstoodABC: eat ateeatenAAAcost-cost-cost read-read-

18、readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：動詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是ri:d-red-red。 有些動詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-o

19、vercomeABA原型原型過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞例詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則動詞含規(guī)則動詞)1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-l

20、ost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改變單詞中間元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則動詞含規(guī)則動詞)ABC原型原型過去式過去式過去分過去分詞詞例詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-o

21、re-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些動詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied) have (has) gone to、 have (has) been