高中英語語法-V+ing用法詳解

1、V-ing形式一一. 含義含義動詞的-ing形式是非謂語動詞的一種形式，不能單獨充當謂語。二二. 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成1.構(gòu)成: 動詞原形+-ing2.規(guī)則:一般情況，直接+ing;以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e+ing; 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫這個輔音字母再加ing;以ie結(jié)尾，變ie為y，+ing，例：die，dying；lie，lying.關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞：含義：含義 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 特征特征 分類分類 成分成分 用法用法 形式形式 運用運用三三.特征特征1.動詞的-ing形式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞等詞的特點.2. 動詞的-ing形式由動詞變來,所以保留了動詞的某些特征,如它可以有自己的賓

2、語,狀語等.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.四四.分類分類1.動名詞:動詞的-ing 形式相當于名詞在句中的用法.2.現(xiàn)在分詞:具有動詞的特征，可以表示一個正在進行的、主動的動作.小結(jié)：小結(jié)：doing 為非謂語動詞，由為非謂語動詞，由do原原形形 +ing 構(gòu)成，不能單獨充當謂語構(gòu)成，不能單獨充當謂語,可以充當可以充當 1.主語主語 2. 賓語賓語 3.表語表語 4. 定語定語 5.狀語狀語 6.賓語補足賓語補足語。語。doing現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞動名詞動名詞具有名詞，動詞的

3、特性具有名詞，動詞的特性具有具有adj.，adv.的特性的特性主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補動名詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分現(xiàn)在分詞詞成分成分形式形式做主語和賓語的肯定是做主語和賓語的肯定是_；做狀語和賓補的肯定是做狀語和賓補的肯定是_。Examples:1)Seeing is believing.(動名詞做主語和賓語動名詞做主語和賓語)2)Be careful while crossing the street.(現(xiàn)在分詞做時間狀語現(xiàn)在分詞做時間狀語)3)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(現(xiàn)在分詞做賓

4、語補足語現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補足語)動名詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞1.做主語主語1.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.2. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.3.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.五五. 用法用法：小結(jié)小結(jié)：1特征：單個的動詞-ing形式作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2.句型：1）doing 作作

5、主語句型：主語句型： Doing . + V + O 2）但有些含有動名詞的句型，為避免句子主語太長，通常用it作形式主語，-ing形式作真正的主語。下面列舉幾種最常見的句型：Eg. Its no use crying over spilt （傾倒出）milk. It +be +no good /use doing做做無益無益/無用無用Its a waste of time thinking hard about the past. It +be +a waste of time doing做做是浪費時間是浪費時間The book is worth reading.It +be +worth

6、doing 做做值得值得There is no harm in doing so. There +be +no +n. +in +doing 做做沒有沒有2. 作作賓語賓語 (動詞賓語和介詞賓語）動詞賓語和介詞賓語） He finished reading the book yesterday. I enjoy learning English. (動詞賓語）動詞賓語） I am fond of watching TV.（介詞賓語（介詞賓語） 動詞動詞+賓語賓語只接只接doing只接只接to dodoing和和to do皆可，意義皆可，意義區(qū)別很大區(qū)別很大doing和和to do皆可，意義皆可

7、，意義區(qū)別不大區(qū)別不大以下動詞須用以下動詞須用doing 做賓語做賓語1)記憶口訣：記憶口訣：雙雙P延期延期 兩建議兩建議否認否認 錯過了錯過了 練習練習考慮考慮 完成完成 不耽擱不耽擱喜歡喜歡 設(shè)想設(shè)想 不介意不介意面對面對 堅持堅持 不放棄不放棄避免避免 冒險冒險 請原諒請原諒 對應(yīng)單詞：對應(yīng)單詞：postpone, put off, suggest, advisedeny, miss, practiceconsider, finish, delay fancy, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, mindface, insist on, give upavoid,

8、risk, excuse, forgive2)need, require, want + doing = need to be done注意注意:主動表被動主動表被動動詞動詞want，need，require作作“需要需要”解時，后面的動詞解時，后面的動詞用動名詞作賓語時，且與句子主語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，用動名詞作賓語時，且與句子主語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，這個動名詞的主動式表示被動意義這個動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。3)give up, cant help, look forward, have trouble . +doingEg1. My coat needs washing. =My co

9、at needs to be washed.Eg2. I look forward to receiving your letter. 下列動詞常以動詞不定式（to do）作賓語。三個希望兩答應(yīng)三個希望兩答應(yīng)兩個要求莫拒絕兩個要求莫拒絕設(shè)法學會做決定設(shè)法學會做決定不要假裝在選擇不要假裝在選擇hope; wish; want ; agree; promisedemand; ask; refusemanage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒絕命令想要拒絕命令需要努力學習需要努力學習,期望同意幫助期望同意幫助希望決定開始。希望決定開始。want ; refus

10、e ; order ,need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ;begin ;start 有些動詞既可接有些動詞既可接-ing，又可接，又可接to do作賓語作賓語 ,區(qū)別不是很大。區(qū)別不是很大。like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, etc.He likes singing.He likes to sing. 1)I must remember to take my notebook with me. I remember seeing

11、 her somewhere before.remember to do sth. 記得要做某事。記得要做某事。remember doing sth. 記得做過某事。記得做過某事。類似詞：類似詞：forget, regret, mean, stop, try, 有些動詞后既可以接有些動詞后既可以接doing又可以接又可以接to do作賓語作賓語,意思上有明顯差別：意思上有明顯差別：2) I forgot to post the letter. I forgot posting the letter. forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事。 forget doing sth. 忘記做

12、過某事。3) I regret to tell you that you cant work here any more. I regret not taking your advice. regret to do sth 對馬上要發(fā)生的事抱歉、遺憾，常和say, tell, inform 等詞連用。 regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事。4) I did not mean to hurt you. That means giving up my job. mean to do sth.: 有的意圖，打算，想 mean doing sth.: 意味著5) He stopped to

13、 sing. He stopped singing. stop to do sth.: 停下來正在做的事去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.: 停止正在做的事情。6) We must try to get everything done on time. Lets try doing the work some other way. try to do sth.: 設(shè)法、努力做某事 try doing sth.: 嘗試做某事7）He said nothing but just went on working. After her early teaching career she w

14、ent on to become a doctor. go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事 go on to do sth.(做完某事)接著做另一件事8）I cant help to finish her work, because I havent finished mine yet. I cant help crying when I heard the news. cant help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事Complete these sentences:1. If you can keep _(read)

15、English newspapers, your English will be improved. 2. He has promised _(come) to my birthday party.3. I hate _(tell) lies!4. * I will never forget _(go) to Beijing with him last summer. * I forgot _(tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.readingto cometelling/to tellgoingto tell3. 作作表語表語 H

16、is job is teaching English.= teaching English is his job. She is washing the dishes. Washing the dishes is she.動名詞做表語動名詞做表語現(xiàn)在分詞做表語現(xiàn)在分詞做表語現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞做表語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞做表語的區(qū)別：動名詞做表語動名詞做表語表示表示主語內(nèi)容，主語表語可交換位置；現(xiàn)在主語內(nèi)容，主語表語可交換位置；現(xiàn)在分詞做表語分詞做表語說明說明主語的性質(zhì)，特征，主語和表語不可交換主語的性質(zhì)，特征，主語和表語不可交換位置。位置。Practice：1)Learning is my d

17、uty.2)The news is encouraging.動名詞做表語動名詞做表語現(xiàn)在分詞做表語現(xiàn)在分詞做表語4. 作作定語定語 a. the laughing audience / an amusing story Dustin Hoffman is famous for his role acting as a woman. ( 短語短語后置后置） The girl singing on the stage is my sister. CompareThe amusing play = the play that is amusing.The girl singing on the st

18、age = The girl who is singing on the stage.現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞單獨單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞 , ,說明其修飾名詞的說明其修飾名詞的動作，性質(zhì)或特征動作，性質(zhì)或特征, ,它與被修飾它與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的的名詞是邏輯上的主動主動關(guān)系，且可以轉(zhuǎn)換成關(guān)系，且可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語定語從句從句；動名詞做定語說明被修飾名詞的；動名詞做定語說明被修飾名詞的功能或用功能或用途途，一般是單個動名詞，放在被修飾名詞之，一般是單個動名詞，放在被修飾名詞之_，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成可以轉(zhuǎn)換成for for

19、短語，表示短語，表示“供作供作.之用之用”。前前前前a walkingwalking stick(a stick for walking)(a pool for swimming )a sleeping boya moving story _(a story that moves people)(a boy who is sleeping) a swimming pool _動詞動詞 -ing 形式如果是短語，形式如果是短語，應(yīng)應(yīng)放在所修飾的名詞放在所修飾的名詞 ，相當于相當于_。1. They are visitors coming from several countriescoming

20、from several countries.（=who come from several countries.） 2.Three days later I received a letter offering me offering me the job.the job.（=which offered me the job.）3.The girl standing therestanding there is my classmate. （ =who stands there ）4. The man speaking to the teacherspeaking to the teache

21、r is my father. 后后定語從句定語從句(who is speaking to the teacher)Step 2. The boy who is coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine. Step 1. The boy is coming to dinner this evening He is a classmate of mine.Step 3. The boy coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine.Wrong : The boy is co

22、ming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine There are some people are waiting at the bus stop_ 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，分詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語邏輯主語必須必須是是句子的主語句子的主語，分詞必須和句中的主語含有，分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯邏輯上上的的主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系，否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。，否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。但要注意它的各種形式變化：但要注意它的各種形式變化： True or false:1.Seeing from the top, the school looks

23、 more beautiful.( )2. Seeing from the top, we find the school more beautiful.( ) FT主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式完成時6.形式：時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式：時態(tài)和語態(tài)doing having donehaving been done being done 否定式 主動語態(tài)否定式 被動語態(tài)否定式一般否定式完成否定式 not being donenot having done not doing not having been done Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter

24、 the classroom. 聽見鈴聲，學生們開始走進教室。聽見鈴聲，學生們開始走進教室。（聽見和進入兩個動作（聽見和進入兩個動作同時同時或或基本同時基本同時發(fā)生）發(fā)生）The building being built now is our new library. 現(xiàn)在正現(xiàn)在正在建造地在建造地 這棟樓房室我們地這棟樓房室我們地 新圖書館新圖書館.（being built為現(xiàn)在分詞的為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動被動形式，表示動作形式，表示動作正在進正在進行之中行之中。）。）Having done the work, he went home. （having done the work為現(xiàn)在分詞的為現(xiàn)在

25、分詞的完成式完成式，表示動作，表示動作先于謂語動詞先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。）發(fā)生。）All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。（having been sold out 為現(xiàn)在分詞的為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式完成式，表示動作，表示動作先于謂語動先于謂語動詞發(fā)生詞發(fā)生。）。）Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in t

26、he street, I came across an old friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While _ _ _ _ the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)1）表時間狀語表時間狀語I was waiting for 2) 表原因狀語表原因狀語Being ill, he didnt go to school.(=As he was ill, he didnt go to school.)Being a student, you sho

27、uld study hard.(=Since _ _ a student you should study hard.）既然你是一個學生，你就應(yīng)該努力學習。既然你是一個學生，你就應(yīng)該努力學習。由于想到它或許在家，所以我就給他打了電話由于想到它或許在家，所以我就給他打了電話。Thinking he might be at home, I called him.As _ _ he might be at home, I called him.you areI thought 3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語表方式、伴隨情況的狀語 ：作伴隨狀語的分作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動作，必須是詞表示的動作，必須是主語

28、的主語的一個一個 動作，或是動作，或是與與謂語所表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）同時發(fā)生謂語所表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）同時發(fā)生，或，或是是對謂語表示地動詞（或狀態(tài)）作進一步地補對謂語表示地動詞（或狀態(tài)）作進一步地補充說明。充說明。Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)我們乘車游覽了許多地方。我們乘車游覽了許多地方。 Travelling by car, we visited many a place.We _ by car and visited many a ed 他們笑著談

29、著走進了教室。他們笑著談著走進了教室。_ , they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。著墻站著。He stood leaning against the wall.(He _ and _ against the wall.)Laughing and talking(They _ and _, and they went into the classroom.)laughedtalkedleanedstood 4) 表結(jié)果表結(jié)果Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger b

30、rother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受歡迎地歌曲。The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song (=The song is sung all over the country, and this _ it the most popular song.)makes5)表條件表條件Using your head, you will find a way.

31、(=If you use your head, you will find a way.)一直往前走，你就會看到一座白色地房子。一直往前走，你就會看到一座白色地房子。_, you will see a white house.Walking ahead(If you _ _, you will see a white house.Working hard, you will succeed.努力吧，努力吧， 你會成功的。你會成功的。（If you _ _, you will succeed.walk aheadwork head6)表讓步表讓步(though/although , even t

32、hough等）等）盡管拼命地工作，他一點都不覺得累。盡管拼命地工作，他一點都不覺得累。Workiing hard, he didnt feel a bit tired.（=Although he worked hard, he didnt feel a bit tired.)Knowing all this , they made me pay for the damage.（=Even though they _ _ _, they made me pay for the damage.盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。損失。knew all th

33、is邏輯主語邏輯主語 ones doing Do you mind Tims smoking here?Excuse me for my being late.She accepted his apology for his being rude. ones 形容詞型物主代詞形容詞型物主代詞人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格名詞所有格名詞所有格動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)注意比較下面兩個句子,它們有什么區(qū)別與聯(lián)系I dont mind smoking here.I dont mind his smoking here.共同點:都是相當于名詞不同點:動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)有了自己的動作發(fā)出者,如,his誰抽煙,他抽 7)

34、7)與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨立主格：與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨立主格：-ing-ing形式作狀語時形式作狀語時, , 它的邏輯主語必須與主句的主它的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語是一致的，如果兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系語是一致的，如果兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, , 只能用獨只能用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)立主格結(jié)構(gòu), , 即即給現(xiàn)在分詞補充一個主語。給現(xiàn)在分詞補充一個主語。 如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.(=If _ _, well do another two exercises)分詞的邏輯主語是分詞的邏輯主語是

35、time , time , 而句子的主語是而句子的主語是I I , , 兩者不構(gòu)成兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系, , 所以只能用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)所以只能用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu), , 也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補充一個主語。充一個主語。 I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard(=when I for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.)time permitswas waiting 獨立主格中的注意事項獨立主格中的注意事項（1 1）獨立主格有時也可用獨立主格有時也可用with (without) + +名詞名詞（代詞

36、賓格）（代詞賓格）+ +分詞形式分詞形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。他點著燈睡著了。（2 2）有些固定用法作獨立成分）有些固定用法作獨立成分( (懸垂分詞懸垂分詞) )：Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.generally speaking, frankly speaking, considering,/taking in consideration, to tell you the truth,etc.6. Doing 作作賓語補足語。賓語補足語。句中

37、的謂語動詞句中的謂語動詞通常為通常為 a: 感官動詞，感官動詞，如：如：see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, observe, find + sb + doing We heard the children singing in her room.We watched the children diving into the water from the top board. b. 役使動詞役使動詞. 表示表示“使使”，“讓讓”的意思。的意思。 keep sb doing 保持保持. leave sb doing 使處使處于于 get sb/ s

38、th doing讓做讓做 have sb doing 讓讓做做. set sb/ sth doing使使Well soon have you walking again. 我們會不久讓你重新走起來我們會不久讓你重新走起來。I leave the machine running all day. 我讓機器整天運轉(zhuǎn)著。我讓機器整天運轉(zhuǎn)著。 More examples Step 1. People saw the police. The police were breaking the window with a hammer. （簡單句）（簡單句）Step 2. People saw the po

39、lice who were breaking the window with a hammer. （定語從句）（定語從句）Step 3. People saw the police breaking the window with a hammer. ( doing 短語作賓補）短語作賓補）1.Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _ with him. (06年上海高考） to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued2.Victor apologized f

40、or _to inform me of the change in the plan.(04年上海高考）A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able7.運用運用：Grammar work 語法專練語法專練3.Ill never forget _Paris for the first time.A. to visit B. visit C. visiting D. visited4.I regret _hard at school.A. not to study B. not having stu