高考英語過去分詞的用法

1、過去分詞的用法過去分詞的用法By Liu Yigui構(gòu)成：v+ed一：構(gòu)成謂語一：構(gòu)成謂語:和have一道構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)I havent been out much recently. 我最近沒太出門。I knew you had been busy. 我知道你一直很忙。構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成形式：Im sorry not to have given you enough help. 對(duì)不起沒給你足夠的幫助。Having read the instructions, she snatched up the fire extinguisher. 看完說明書之后，她抓起了滅火器。 b. 和be一道構(gòu)成

2、被動(dòng)語態(tài)或非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：The letter has been opened! 信被人拆開了。He was said to have been arrested. 據(jù)說他被捕了。二：充當(dāng)一定的句子成分1. 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，主語的狀態(tài)，既既表示表示被動(dòng)被動(dòng)，又表示，又表示完成完成。 (1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。茶杯破了。 2. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語，與句不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，只表

3、示動(dòng)作的完成只表示動(dòng)作的完成。 (2) He is retired. 他已退休他已退休。 3. 有些過去分詞作表語時(shí)，構(gòu)成的謂語有些過去分詞作表語時(shí)，構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環(huán)山。這座城市三面環(huán)山。q過去分詞作表語過去分詞作表語【注意注意】過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)主語的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示表示動(dòng)作。動(dòng)作。 (1) The cup was

4、broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作）表示動(dòng)作） (2) The library is now closed. 圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去分詞作表語）分詞作表語） 【注意注意】過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成, -ing 形式表示主形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。有些動(dòng)詞如動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。有些動(dòng)詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形式來修等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人，（常做表語）用飾人，（常

5、做表語）用 -ing 形式來修飾物。形式來修飾物。 (3) The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 這本書很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。這本書很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。q過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語 作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動(dòng)又表完成；詞作定語，既表被動(dòng)又表完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。過去分詞作定語，只表完成。 1. 過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個(gè)的，常置于其過去分詞用作定

6、語，如果是單個(gè)的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。所修飾的名詞之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。 2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾過去分詞短語用作定語時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，但的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功

7、。他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功。 3.過去分詞短語有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語，前過去分詞短語有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號(hào)。后常有逗號(hào)。 (1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有五千多人。五千多人。 4. 用來修飾人的過去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非用來修飾人的過去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。飾

8、人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。 (2) The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。 q 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語 1. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動(dòng)的被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作。和完成的動(dòng)作。 (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章因?yàn)閷懙么颐Γ@篇文章不是很好。不是很好。 【注意注意】written 為過去分詞作狀語，表示這為過去分詞作狀語，表示這篇文章是被

9、寫的，而且已經(jīng)被寫。篇文章是被寫的，而且已經(jīng)被寫。2. 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語，過去分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。 (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解這道題。再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解這道題。（given 為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語為主句主語 I ，即，即 I 被再給一個(gè)小時(shí)。）被再給一個(gè)小時(shí)。） (2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city l

10、ooks more beautiful to us. 從 山 頂 看 城 市 ， 城 市 顯 得 更 漂 亮 。從 山 頂 看 城 市 ， 城 市 顯 得 更 漂 亮 。（seen 為過去分詞作狀語，表為過去分詞作狀語，表“被看被看”，由，由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是是“我們我們”，因?yàn)椋驗(yàn)椤拔覀兾覀儭睉?yīng)主動(dòng)看城市。）應(yīng)主動(dòng)看城市。） 【注意注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時(shí)有時(shí)狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞過去分詞連詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。作狀語。 When given a medical

11、examination, you should keep calm. 當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。要保持鎮(zhèn)定。 4. 過去分詞作狀語的位置。過去分詞可放在主句過去分詞作狀語的位置。過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開；也可前作句首狀語，后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開。放在主句后面，前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里，被感動(dòng)得熱淚他靜靜地站在那里，被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶

12、。盈眶。q 過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（一）能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三（一）能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類：類： 1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。等。 (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。（過去分詞我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。（過去分詞sung的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作heard；）；） (2)He found h

13、is hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。（過去他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。（過去分詞分詞changed的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作found）2. 表示表示“致使致使”意義的動(dòng)詞。如：意義的動(dòng)詞。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。等。(1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明明天我要理發(fā)。天我要理發(fā)。(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Dont leave those things undon

14、e. 要把那些事情做完。要把那些事情做完。 【注意注意】過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 （二）使役動(dòng)詞（二）使役動(dòng)詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況。有兩種情況。 1. 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。 (1) He had his money stolen.他的他的錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了）錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了） 2. 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷。如：所經(jīng)歷。如： (2) He had his leg broken.他的腿斷他

15、的腿斷了。了。 （自己的經(jīng)歷）（自己的經(jīng)歷）q“with賓語過去分詞賓語過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)“with賓語過去分詞賓語過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：等狀語。例如：(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進(jìn)來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）兇手被帶進(jìn)來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.

16、水一被加熱，我們水一被加熱，我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。（表?xiàng)l件）就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。（表?xiàng)l件）(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決，事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）我們都回家了。（表原因）(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然舉著他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。手站了一會(huì)兒。過去分詞作狀語，一是表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，二是表過去分詞作狀語，一是表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)

17、作，二是表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。通常作如下幾種狀語動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。通常作如下幾種狀語：1. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill1. 時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語, 可在過去分詞前加上連詞可在過去分詞前加上連詞when, while, until等等.2. Dont speak until you are spoken to.Until spoken to2.1. Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did

18、a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly touched by the teachers words2. As he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know what to do.Surprised at what happened1 _ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .A Having given B To give C Giving D Given 2 _in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the mos

19、t famous universities in the United States .A Being founded B It was founded C Founded D Founding 3 Unless _to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited DCA6 There seemed to be nothing _to do but _for the doctor .A leave / send B left /

20、to send C left / send D leaving / send 7_everywhere , the wolves had no where _themselves .A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide CD作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語，前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to 8 . The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy.

21、following, following B. followed, followedC. following, followed D. followed, following9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery. looked; taken B. looking; takenC. looked; took D. looking; takingCB10. The murderer was brought

22、 in, with his hands _ behind his back. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied11. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. Given B. To giveC. Giving D. Having givenDA1.Youcanmakeyourself_prettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.A.understandB.understoodC.understandingD.tounderstand

23、Exercise3.-Icantseethewordsontheblackboard.-Perhapsyouneed_.A.tohaveyoureyesexaminedB.toexamineyoureyeC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.youreyestobeexamined1.TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,didntincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥簡析簡析:首先首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部待

24、選部分是一個(gè)作定語、修飾分是一個(gè)作定語、修飾TheOlympicGames的后置分詞短語的后置分詞短語;再根據(jù)再根據(jù)TheOlympicGames對(duì)于動(dòng)詞對(duì)于動(dòng)詞play來說來說只能是被動(dòng)承受只能是被動(dòng)承受,且已完成且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此。因此,該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選C。2.Whatsthelanguage_inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak簡析簡析:該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試過去分詞作。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng)后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng),等于定語從句等于定語從句whichisspoken。3.Mostoftheartists_to

25、thepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited簡析簡析:該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試過去分詞作后。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng)置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng),等于定語從句等于定語從句whowereinvited。4.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened簡析簡析:該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過去分詞短語。測(cè)試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾

26、的名詞后作定語放在所修飾的名詞后,可以用非可以用非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。代替。5.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written簡析簡析:該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過去分詞作后。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng)置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng),等于定語從句等于定語從句whichwerewritten。例例:Themurdererwasbrought

27、in,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied簡析簡析:很顯然很顯然,待選部分的邏輯主語是待選部分的邏輯主語是hishands,而不是句子的主語而不是句子的主語Themurderer,而而hishands對(duì)于動(dòng)詞對(duì)于動(dòng)詞tie來來說說,只能是被動(dòng)承受。因此只能是被動(dòng)承受。因此,該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選D。2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recordi

28、ng C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考鏈接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。此處考查過去分詞作后置。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，定語，discdisc與與recordrecord之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示。用過去分詞表示。3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known高考鏈接D解析：答案解析：

29、答案D D。knowknow與與wordswords，expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。被動(dòng)。Practice1. Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?to be held B. having been held C. held D. being heldDo you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting

30、 on I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much.written B. writing C. was written D. to write4. Please dont forget him. He is one of _.those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting thoseCBAA1._blackandblue,theladycouldntmove.A.BeatenB.BeatingC.Tob

31、ebeatenD.Tobeat Exercises2._everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_themselves.A.Hunting,hidingB.Tohunt,tohideC.Hunted,hidingD.Hunted,tohide3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB4.When_intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtak

32、ingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken6.Mr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring9._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered12.TheEmperorsNewClothes,isan_text.A

33、llofusare_init.A.exciting;excitingB.excited;excitedC.excited;excitingD.exciting;excited13.Sheaskedifthereisanything_fortonight.A.toplanB.plannedC.thatplansD.planning 14.The_morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,_byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followedD.followed

34、;following15._thesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand_fromthetopofathirty-storedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen16._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giv

35、ing;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving17.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted19._in1636,Harvardisoneofthemostfamousuniver

36、sitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding英語主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況英語主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況1.表示被動(dòng)含義的表示被動(dòng)含義的主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞 1)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 taste ,sound ,look, smell, feelYour reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.2)一些與一些與cant 或或wont, wouldnt 連用的動(dòng)連用的動(dòng)詞。詞。常用的有常用的有: lock , shut , open , act 等等, The door wont/ wouldnt open. It cant /wouldnt move. 3) sell, wash , clean , burn , cook 等等, 與與 well(很很), easily(容易地容易地), perfectly(十分地十分地)等連用等連用 , The book sells well. These clothes wash well. 2.表示被動(dòng)含義的表示被動(dòng)含義的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 1)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 be worth , want ( 需要需要), need(需需要要