存款保險(xiǎn)在促進(jìn)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展中的作用

1、存款保險(xiǎn)在促進(jìn)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展中的作用 The Role of Deposit Insurance on Promoting Development of Rural finance Yan HaiboThe Peoples bank of China Financial Stability BureauMAY 22th 20081中國(guó)政府十分重視維護(hù)金融穩(wěn)定和保護(hù)存款人權(quán)益問題 Chinese Government Highlights the issues of depositor protection and financial stability1993年國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于金融體制改革的決定指出“

2、要建立存款保險(xiǎn)基金，保障社會(huì)公眾利益”。It was stated in “State Councils decision on Financial Regime Reform” of 1993 that the deposit insurance fund should be established to protect public interests.1997年召開的全國(guó)金融工作會(huì)議就明確提出要“逐步建立城鄉(xiāng)信用社存款保險(xiǎn)制度” It was stated in National Finance Working Conference of 1997 that the deposit in

3、surance scheme should be established gradually.2007年召開的全國(guó)金融工作會(huì)議提出要加快建立存款保險(xiǎn)制度， It was stated in 2007 National Finance Working Conference that the deposit insurance system construction in China should be accelerated. 2存款保險(xiǎn)制度的基本功能The Basic Functions of Deposit Insurance System增強(qiáng)存款人對(duì)金融體系的信心，防止銀行擠兌，維護(hù)金融穩(wěn)

4、定Strengthen depositors confidence in financial system, prevent bank runs and maintain financial stability促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督，降低受保機(jī)構(gòu)的經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，促進(jìn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)健康發(fā)展Promote market discipline, reduce the risks of insured institutions and promote the healthy operation of financial institutions促進(jìn)受保機(jī)構(gòu)間公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，提高經(jīng)營(yíng)效率，提升受保金融機(jī)構(gòu)的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力Promot

5、e the fair competition among insured institutions, enhance operational efficiency, lift the competitiveness of insured institutions有助于完善市場(chǎng)退出機(jī)制，確保金融市場(chǎng)良性循環(huán)，健康發(fā)展Helpful to improve market-exit mechanism, ensure the benign cycle of financial market and the markets healthy development3存款保險(xiǎn)制度通過促進(jìn)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展將有

6、利于農(nóng)村地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展Deposit Insurance System is helpful for the development of rural areas by promoting rural financial institutions development中國(guó)服務(wù)于農(nóng)村地區(qū)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)除中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行和中國(guó)郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行外，還是主要是以中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)為主體。截止到2007年年底，我國(guó)共有農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行17家，農(nóng)村合作銀行113家，農(nóng)村信用社8348家，村鎮(zhèn)銀行19家，貸款公司4家，農(nóng)村資金互助社8家。Most Chinese rural financial instituti

7、ons were middle or small sized although we do have several large rural financial institutions like Agricultural Bank of China, China Agricultural Development Bank and China Postal Savings Bank. As of the end of 2007, there are 17 rural commercial banks, 113 rural cooperative banks, 8348 rural credit

8、 cooperatives, 19 county banks, 4 loan companies and 8 rural fund cooperatives.建立覆蓋農(nóng)村中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)的存款保險(xiǎn)制度將有利于增加農(nóng)民對(duì)整個(gè)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)的信心，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村居民安心于在當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)存款和貸款，從而促進(jìn)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展。 The deposit insurance system which covers the rural financial institutions will be useful to strengthen farmers confidence in rural financial

9、institutions, promote the development of rural financial institutions by promoting deposits and loans in rural areas.4農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)為我國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供了大量資金Rural financial institutions have provided a lot of funds to rural area economic development in China 2007年，農(nóng)村信用社共提供農(nóng)業(yè)貸款1.43萬(wàn)億元，占其各項(xiàng)貸款的比例為46%In 2007, the agricu

10、ltural loans from rural credit cooperatives amounted to 1.43 trillion RMB yuan, which was 46% of aggregate loans of rural credit cooperatives.向農(nóng)戶貸款的余額為1.16萬(wàn)億元，農(nóng)戶貸款戶數(shù)達(dá)到7817萬(wàn)戶 Loans to farmers balanced at 1.16 trillion RMB yuan, covering 78.17 million households of farmers.農(nóng)戶貸款覆蓋面達(dá)到32.8%，受惠農(nóng)民超過3億。 Abo

11、ut 32.8% farmers have benefited from above loans, meaning the coverage of 0.3 billion persons.5我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)較為脆弱，其倒閉的外溢效應(yīng)強(qiáng) Chinas rural financial institutions are fragile and their failures have strong spill-over effects我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)歷史包袱沉重，因經(jīng)營(yíng)不善而發(fā)生倒閉的可能性較大，是目前我國(guó)金融體系中較為薄弱的環(huán)節(jié) 1 國(guó)家出臺(tái)的對(duì)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款利率浮動(dòng)的優(yōu)惠政策并沒有產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效果

12、2 農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)稅負(fù)相對(duì)過重 3長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)營(yíng)不善 With heavy historical burden, rural financial institutions in China were fragile and had a high probability of failure due to inefficient operation. They are also the weak parts of Chinese financial system. 1 The favor policy of loan interest rate flexibility that central gov

13、ernment delivered to rural financial institutions did not play its role as it was supposed to. 2 The heavy tax burden on rural financial institutions 3 long-time inefficient operation我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)遷涉面廣，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傳染性強(qiáng)，負(fù)外部性較大 1 從資金來(lái)源看 2 從農(nóng)民的金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)教育程度來(lái)看 Chinese rural financial institutions were vastly distributed.The

14、y also suffered from risk contagion and had shown negative externalities 1. A look at from funds resource 2. A look at from farmers education level6我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)較為脆弱，其倒閉的外溢效應(yīng)強(qiáng) Chinas rural financial institutions are fragile and their failures have strong spill-over effects農(nóng)村的金融穩(wěn)定關(guān)系到整個(gè)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定 Financi

15、al stability of rural areas concerned the economic and social stability for the whole rural areas 銀行存款是中國(guó)農(nóng)民主要生活和社會(huì)保障的經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源。由于我國(guó)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的社會(huì)保障制度和醫(yī)療保障制度目前仍不完善，農(nóng)民主要依靠自身的積累來(lái)為養(yǎng)老和醫(yī)療提供保障。一旦農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)倒閉，農(nóng)民的儲(chǔ)蓄存款面臨損失，將會(huì)影響到更多的中小存款人，可能導(dǎo)致更大的社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定。Deposits were the major resources of Chinese peasants life and social securi

16、ty. Since the social security and medicare system in rural areas were still in progress, peasants had to rely on themselves to strengthen above security. In case of any rural financial institution failure, deposits of farmers will suffer the loss, the interests of middle or small depositors will be

17、impaired and social instability may concern. 7存款保險(xiǎn)制度將促進(jìn)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)的平等競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，并有利于其市場(chǎng)化發(fā)展Deposit Insurance System was helpful to promote the fair competition among rural financial institutions and to their market-oriented developments我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)普遍規(guī)模偏小，資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量較低，盈利能力不強(qiáng).2007年單個(gè)農(nóng)村信用社資產(chǎn)約為5億元，單個(gè)農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行資產(chǎn)約為360億元，單個(gè)農(nóng)村合作銀行資產(chǎn)約

18、為60億元。 Chinese rural financial institutions were small-sized.They were not good at asset quality and making profits. In 2007, the average asset for the rural credit cooperatives amounted to 0.5 billion RMB yuan. For rural commercial banks, the average asset amounted to 36 billion RMB yuan while for

19、rural cooperative banks, the average asset amounted to 6 billion RMB yuan. 農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)不盡合理，體制改革尚未完成.目前農(nóng)村信用社產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革取得較大進(jìn)展，農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制建設(shè)取得新突破。但農(nóng)村中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)仍然存在許多不足 The corporate governance system of rural financial institutions was flawed and the related reform had not finished. Despite of the achievements we have made in the shareholdin