高考語法復(fù)習(xí)之狀語從句

1、If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.如果夢想遠(yuǎn)大，就一定可以克服艱難險阻。狀語從句在廣東狀語從句在廣東高考中的運用高考中的運用 一、一、時間狀語從句時間狀語從句: When it rains , the children will play indoors . No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 二、二、地點狀語從句地點狀語從句 Make a mark where you have any questions. 三、三、條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 As long as you

2、 keep on trying , youll certainly succeed. 四、四、比較狀語從句比較狀語從句 He speaks English much better than any other student in his class. 五、五、目的狀語從句目的狀語從句 Ask him to hurry up with these letters in order that I can sign them. 六、六、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 It is such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out. 七、七、方式狀語從

3、句方式狀語從句 It looks as if the weather may clear up very soon. 八、八、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句 Although its raining ,they are still working in the field. 九、九、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句 As the weather was fine ,we decided to climb the mountain.狀語從句狀語從句的定義的定義： 在在復(fù)合句復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語謂語（包括（包括非謂語動詞非謂語動詞

4、）、）、定語定語或或狀語狀語，或是或是整個句子整個句子。狀語從句通常由一。狀語從句通常由一個個連詞連詞引起，也可以由一個起引起，也可以由一個起連詞連詞作用的詞組作用的詞組引起，有時甚至不需要引起，有時甚至不需要連詞直接和主句連接起來。連詞直接和主句連接起來。 注意注意: 時態(tài)一致時態(tài)一致:主將，從現(xiàn)主將，從現(xiàn)1. 連接詞連接詞when的用法小結(jié)的用法小結(jié)A. when引導(dǎo)的時間狀從引導(dǎo)的時間狀從: 謂語動詞可以是謂語動詞可以是延延續(xù)性續(xù)性動詞，也可動詞，也可短暫性短暫性動詞，可用于主句和動詞，可用于主句和從句同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作。從句同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作。 When the

5、 film ended, the people went back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.B. when用作并列連詞，用作并列連詞，“那時，這時那時，這時”=at that time 主句：主句： Somebody was doing sth Somebody was about to do sth. Somebody was on the point of doing sth. Somebody had done sth 從句：從句： when sth. happened (一般過去時一般過去

6、時) (正在做正在做/正要做正要做/剛做完剛做完這時突然這時突然 )2. 連接詞連接詞while的用法的用法A. while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。句動作和從句動作相對比。 Please dont talk so loud while others are working.B. while作并列連詞，作并列連詞，“而，卻而，卻”，表示，表示對比對比 Girls are studying while boys are playing. C. while可表示可表示 “盡管盡管”= althoughWhile I admit that

7、 there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.連接詞連接詞when, while, as的用法區(qū)別：的用法區(qū)別： 1)while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞必須引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞必須是是可延續(xù)可延續(xù)的，而的，而when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可是延續(xù)，也可是短暫性動詞語動詞可是延續(xù)，也可是短暫性動詞 he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. I stopped my car, a man came up to m

8、e. (不可用不可用 while)When/WhileWhen 2)表示表示“隨著隨著”， “一邊一邊, 一邊一邊”用連用連詞詞as，不用，不用when或或while As the election approached, the violence got worse. 3)如果主句表示的是短暫動作，而從句如果主句表示的是短暫動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動作的進(jìn)行用延續(xù)性動作的進(jìn)行 時態(tài)表示在一段時時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行的動作時，的動作時，when, while 與與as 可互換使用可互換使用 When/While/As I was walking down the street,

9、I came across an old friend of mine.3. 連接詞連接詞before/since B. 1）It was段時間段時間before “過了多久才過了多久才” It was three days before he came back.2）It will （not ）be段時間段時間before“要過多久要過多久(不久不久)就就” It will be two years before he leaves the country. 1) since 引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的 從句可用從句可用延續(xù)性延續(xù)性或或短暫性短暫性動詞動詞，都表示，都表示動作狀態(tài)的完成動作狀態(tài)的完成。 自

10、從自從他離開北京，我就沒見過他。他離開北京，我就沒見過他。 I have never seen him since he left Beijing. 2) It is/has been段時間段時間since since從句動詞為延續(xù)性動詞時，主句從句動詞為延續(xù)性動詞時，主句動作時間從從句動作結(jié)束時算動作時間從從句動作結(jié)束時算. It is /has been three years since she joined the army. 他戒煙已經(jīng)他戒煙已經(jīng)3年了。年了。 It is 3 years since he smoked. 1)It will be three days _ you s

11、ee him again.2)It will be three oclock _ you see him again.3)It is at three oclock _ youll see him again.4)It is three days _ you saw him last time.beforewhenthatsince4.till 與與until:1. He lived with his parents _ he graduated from He lived with his parents _ he graduated from college.college.2. Not

12、_ he told me did I know the truth.2. Not _ he told me did I know the truth.3. The children wont _ (come/ be) home until/ till 3. The children wont _ (come/ be) home until/ till its dark.its dark.4. It was _ the war was over that he returned to 4. It was _ the war was over that he returned to his lan

13、d.his land.till/ untiluntilcomenot untilConclusion:1. 主句為肯定句時, 主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性動詞.2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞時,謂語動詞應(yīng)用否定式.3. 位于句首時.只能用until, 不用till.4. notuntil可改寫為: It is/ was not until that強調(diào)句.”not+ until引導(dǎo)的從句, 一同置于強調(diào)句中.5. till與until 還可作介詞,后接名詞. 如: I waited till/ until 3 oclock. 5. as soon as, the moment, the min

14、ute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時間狀語從句 =as soon as I didnt wait a moment, but came immediately you called. The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.注意注意: 如果如果hardly或或no sooner或或scarcely置置于句首，句子必須于句首，句子必須部分倒裝部分倒裝。 Har

15、dly/Scarcely Hardly/Scarcely had donehad donewhen.when.No sooner No sooner had donehad done.than.than. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 6.一些含有一些含有time的名詞短語的名詞短語: every time, each time, next time, the first time, all the time, any time, by the time等，等，“每當(dāng)每當(dāng), ,每次每次, ,下次下次”以及以及the day, the

16、year, the morning等，也引等，也引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時間狀語從句 The day he returned home, his father was already dead. Next time you come, please bring your composition.2.2.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句 地點狀語從句常用地點狀語從句常用where, wherever 等連詞引導(dǎo)。等連詞引導(dǎo)。 We shall go where working conditions are difficult. Wherever you go, I will be with you.3.3.原

17、因狀語從句原因狀語從句 1) because通常表示說話人認(rèn)為這種理由或原因是聽話人所不知道通常表示說話人認(rèn)為這種理由或原因是聽話人所不知道的，全句強調(diào)的重點在原因上，不在主句表示的結(jié)果上。回答的，全句強調(diào)的重點在原因上，不在主句表示的結(jié)果上。回答why提出的問題時，只能用提出的問題時，只能用because；在強調(diào)句型中也只能用；在強調(diào)句型中也只能用because從句，不能用從句，不能用since, as等等He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.2) since 和和as 引導(dǎo)的句子，重點在主句的內(nèi)容，其原因或理由在引導(dǎo)的句子

18、，重點在主句的內(nèi)容，其原因或理由在說話人看來已很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，說話人看來已很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，since(相當(dāng)于漢語的“既然” )和和as(由于由于) 只是一種附帶的說明原因，不是對原因只是一種附帶的說明原因，不是對原因進(jìn)行強調(diào)進(jìn)行強調(diào).Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days?As its getting darker, we must go home now.3) for 是并列連詞，是并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的句子只能后置它引導(dǎo)的句子只能后置。表示。表示因果關(guān)因果關(guān)系時，可以和系時，可以和because 換用換用

19、；但當(dāng)它用于對主句的內(nèi)容加以解；但當(dāng)它用于對主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時，不能用釋或推斷時，不能用because 代替代替，如：，如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.1目的狀語從句通常使用的連詞有：目的狀語從句通常使用的連詞有：so that, in order that, that, so。否定的句式常用否定的句式常用 lest, in case, for fear that來引導(dǎo)。來引導(dǎo)。 目的狀語從句中一般要有目的狀語從句中一般要有 can, may, could, might, will, would, shou

20、ld等情態(tài)動詞，如：等情態(tài)動詞，如： Bring it closer (so) that I may see it better. I put down his address for fear that I should forget it. The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may understand well.I am going to the lecture early so that Ill get a good seat. (目的狀語目的狀語從句從句) I went to the lecture e

21、arly so that I got a good seat. (結(jié)果狀語從結(jié)果狀語從句句)4.4.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句Its _ good a book _ Ive read it again and again.It was _ a cold day _ there was nobody on the street.So也可修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞也可修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,但順序為但順序為:so+adj.+a/ an+n.Such可修飾任何名詞可修飾任何名詞,當(dāng)其修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時當(dāng)其修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時, 語序為語序為:such+a/ an +(adj.) +n.sosuchthatthat5.5

22、. 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句6.6.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 1) 用用 if(如果如果),unless(除非除非), in case(萬萬一一), so /as long as(只要只要), as/ so far as(就就而言而言), on condition that(條件條件是是)suppose(假設(shè)假設(shè))等詞引導(dǎo)等詞引導(dǎo) 2) 時態(tài)：時態(tài)： 主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn) I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework. 只要我活著，我就會努力工作。只要我活著，我就會努力工作。 As long as I live, I shall

23、work hard.易混、易錯點易混、易錯點Unless/until1) I didnt finish reading the book _ Mum came back.2) I cant finish the work _ you help me.3) We are going to have a barbecue _ it rains. A. until B. when C. unless結(jié)論結(jié)論:untilunlessunlessunless強調(diào)強調(diào)條件條件 until 強調(diào)強調(diào)時間時間7 7、方式狀語從句方式狀語從句 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有as，(ju

24、st) asso, as if (though). as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常位于句首。引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常位于句首。 “正如正如， 就像就像 ” It looks as if the weather may clear up very soon. Air is to man as water is to fish. 方式狀語從句放在主句之后。方式狀語從句放在主句之后。 as if 和和as though 引導(dǎo)的從引導(dǎo)的從句一般用句一般用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。但如果從。但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn)，句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣。也可用陳述語氣。 The old man runs

25、very fast as if he were a young man.8.8. 比較狀語從句比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常由比較狀語從句常由asas, than, not soas, the morethe more等詞引導(dǎo)。比較從句部分常是省略等詞引導(dǎo)。比較從句部分常是省略句。句。The more we can do for you, the happier we will be.我比他更了解你。我比他更了解你。I know you better than he does.9.9.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞連詞主要有以下這些：主要有以下這些：though

26、, although, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑問詞，疑問詞疑問詞，疑問詞-ever。一般翻譯為。一般翻譯為“盡盡管管”或或“即使即使”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫?，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴送艘徊秸f一步說”的感覺。的感覺。（1）though, although表示表示“雖然，縱然雖然，縱然”之意。之意。 這兩個連詞意思大致相同，在一般情況下可以互換使用。這兩個連詞意思大致相同，在一般情況下可以互換使用。 值得注意的是，值得注意的是，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多句之前的情

27、況較多，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。于主句之前或主句之后。例如：例如： She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. （2）as, though表示表示“雖然雖然但是但是”，“縱使縱使”之之意。意。 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形，若表語為若表語為單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞,前置時要省略冠詞前置時要省略冠詞.though也可用于這樣的結(jié)

28、構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。例如： Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。 Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）雖然他是一）

29、雖然他是一個孩子，但他知道該做什么。個孩子，但他知道該做什么。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. 縱然你讀得快，你也不能這么快讀完這本書?？v然你讀得快，你也不能這么快讀完這本書。 寫作中運用狀語從句時的常見錯誤寫作中運用狀語從句時的常見錯誤1.I didnt give up. Because my mother often told me, where there is a will, there is a way.”2. She worked so hard that could catch up with others.3

30、.Only we keep optimistic can we succeed.4.When he hesitating, a man came up to him. 寫作中狀語從句的幾個寫作中狀語從句的幾個常見錯誤常見錯誤: 1.I didnt give up. Because my mother often told me, where there is a will, there is a way.” 2. She worked so hard that could catch up with others. 3.Only we keep optimistic can we succee

31、d. 4.When he hesitating, a man came up to him.,becauseshe whenwas1.只有從句，沒有主句只有從句，沒有主句2.從句中缺少主語從句中缺少主語3.缺少從句的連接詞缺少從句的連接詞4.從句中的謂語不完整從句中的謂語不完整狀語從句與高考寫作狀語從句與高考寫作I will never marry you. 高考:Never will I marry you.You are the last man I am willing to marry.Under no circumstances will I marry you.If you wer

32、e the last man in the world, I would definitely remain single.(1) 連接詞連接詞 + done過去分詞過去分詞 Dont speak until spoken to. Pressure can be increased when needed. Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.(2) 連接詞連接詞+doing現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 Look out while crossing the street. She waits outside the door as if wait

33、ing for someone.在時間和條件等狀語從句中在時間和條件等狀語從句中,如果主句的如果主句的主語主語和從句的主語一致和從句的主語一致,可以把從句中的可以把從句中的主語和主語和be動詞省略動詞省略1 The sky is covered with harmful substances. We can hardly see the blue sky.狀語從句：狀語從句： We can hardly see the blue sky _ the sky is covered with harmful substances.得分亮點得分亮點：_ _ harmful substances, t

34、he blue sky can hardly be seen.becauseCovered with2. There are too many cars in Beijing now. Traffic jam has been a headache. 狀語從句：狀語從句：There are too many cars in Beijing now_ traffic jam has been a headache 得分亮點：得分亮點：_ too many cars, traffic jam has been a headache in Beijing now. soWith3.Time perm

35、its. A redesign of the city will provide a better environment. 狀語從句：狀語從句：_ time permits, a redesign of the city will provide a better environment. 得分亮點：得分亮點：_ _, a redesign of the city will provide a better environment.IfTime permitting寫作技能提升：句子潤色寫作技能提升：句子潤色How to beautify the Adverbial Clause in Wr

36、itingWhile writing ,try to use different forms of verbs and clauses(從句從句) to make your essay simple, clear, vivid and full of varieties.學(xué)會使用復(fù)合句學(xué)會使用復(fù)合句現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象學(xué)生作文中出現(xiàn)很多錯別字學(xué)生作文中出現(xiàn)很多錯別字原因原因 每天有很多作業(yè)做，沒有記住生字。每天有很多作業(yè)做，沒有記住生字。參考詞匯：參考詞匯：錯別字錯別字: : wrongly-written characters要求：要求：1. 1. 用用狀語從句狀語從句表達(dá)表格的表達(dá)表格的原因原因 2.

37、 2. 語句間要有語句間要有連貫性連貫性 現(xiàn)象：現(xiàn)象：There are many wrongly-written characters in students compositions. 2. They have so much homework to do every day that they fail to memorize the new characters.1. 1. 每天有很多作業(yè)做每天有很多作業(yè)做 2. 2. 沒有記住生字。沒有記住生字。 They have much homework to do every day.3. With so much homework to d

38、o, they fail to memorize the new characters.1. Because they have so much homework to do, they fail to memorize the new characters.第三步：合并句子第三步：合并句子 They fail to memorize the new characters.第一步：拆分成幾個簡單句第一步：拆分成幾個簡單句第二步：分別翻譯這幾個簡單句第二步：分別翻譯這幾個簡單句08年基礎(chǔ)寫作年基礎(chǔ)寫作背景：射擊最初只是生存工具，背景：射擊最初只是生存工具，1919世紀(jì)末才世紀(jì)末才發(fā)展成為一項體育

39、運動。發(fā)展成為一項體育運動。18961896：第一次成為奧運項目：第一次成為奧運項目19041904：中斷：中斷19281928：中斷：中斷19321932：重回奧運會：重回奧運會19681968：第一次允許婦女參加奧運射擊比賽：第一次允許婦女參加奧運射擊比賽現(xiàn)狀：穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，現(xiàn)狀：穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，18961896奧運會只有三項射擊奧運會只有三項射擊項目，現(xiàn)今有項目，現(xiàn)今有1717項。項。 After shooting was canceled in 1904 and 1928, it returned to the Olympics in 1932. Although shooting develo

40、ps steadily now, it only includes 3 events in 1896, while 17 recently.不是人人都能學(xué)好英語，小學(xué)生同時不是人人都能學(xué)好英語，小學(xué)生同時學(xué)漢語和英語反而會影響漢語學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)漢語和英語反而會影響漢語學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)會運用復(fù)合句學(xué)會運用復(fù)合句第一步：拆分成幾個簡單句第一步：拆分成幾個簡單句不是人人都能學(xué)好英語。不是人人都能學(xué)好英語。小學(xué)生同時學(xué)漢語和英語。小學(xué)生同時學(xué)漢語和英語。這會影響漢語學(xué)習(xí)。這會影響漢語學(xué)習(xí)。第二步：分別翻譯這幾個簡單句第二步：分別翻譯這幾個簡單句 Not everyone is good at learning En

41、glish. Children from primary school learn English and Chinese at the same time. This will affect their Chinese study.A little bit harder, have a try! Not everyone is good at learning English. Children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at the same time. This will affect their Chinese study.第三步：合并句子第三步：合并句子 If children from p