現(xiàn)在完成時講解課件（基礎課堂）

1、語法課堂1智囊經(jīng)驗上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時下一頁主菜單2智囊經(jīng)驗現(xiàn)在完成時 主菜單上一頁下一頁現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語及動詞過去分詞短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系have been 與have gone 比較與一般過去時的用法比較3智囊經(jīng)驗Mother: John, clean your teeth please.John: Mum, I have already(已經(jīng)) cleaned them.4智囊經(jīng)驗 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁下一頁主語+have (has）+ 過去分詞5智囊經(jīng)驗例句： I have already had lunch. Have you had

2、lunch yet? Yes, I have. No, I havent. I havent had lunch yet. He has gone to the library ? 他是去了圖書館。 6智囊經(jīng)驗現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型：肯定式：主語 + 助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞. 疑問式：助動詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞?否定式: 主語 + 助動詞have/has + not + 動詞的過去分詞. 7智囊經(jīng)驗現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法上一頁下一頁- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造

3、成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free.(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)主菜單用法1. 表示發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響。 (與一般過去時對比，一般過去時強調(diào)的是發(fā)生在過去的動作而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。) 8智囊經(jīng)驗現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法 用法2. 動作發(fā)生在過去，并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。I have lived here for 3 years.He has taught English since 2001.9智囊經(jīng)驗3.表示人曾有過或到目

4、前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.上一頁下一頁I have ever been to the Summer Palace?(我曾去過頤和園)Mary has gone to BeiJing with her mother(去了) I have never had a car. (我從未有過汽車。)現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法主菜單10智囊經(jīng)驗現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語常與already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 連用上一頁下一頁主

5、菜單11智囊經(jīng)驗12動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則規(guī)則變化： 一般情況下，動詞詞尾加 -ed ，如：worked played wanted acted以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動詞，動詞詞尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided hoped 以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied cried 以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged dropped planned 12智囊經(jīng)驗13不規(guī)則變化AB型can -could shall-should will-would

6、may-mightAAA型cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-putset-set-set shut-shut-shut read-read-read AAB型beat-beat-beaten ABA型become-became-become come-came-come run-ran-run 13智囊經(jīng)驗現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞1在表示“用法1”時，現(xiàn)在完成時常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。.14智囊經(jīng)驗a）already 往往

7、用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強 調(diào)或加強語氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問句。He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強語氣）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？15智囊經(jīng)驗2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法 否定句:句末 “還(沒)”疑問句: 句末 “己經(jīng)” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet

8、. Have you had breakfast yet?16智囊經(jīng)驗b） never 是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？ 17智囊經(jīng)驗c） just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時態(tài)時，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞have/has和動詞過去分詞之間）He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。They have just finished the work.

9、他們剛剛完成那項工作。18智囊經(jīng)驗現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞1在表示“用法2”時，現(xiàn)在完成時常與since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間，so far ,up to now等時間狀語連用。19智囊經(jīng)驗1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段時間20智囊經(jīng)驗2. since +從句(一般過去時)單詞 詞組 (表示過去某一時間的)時間點Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have be

10、en here since I graduated in 2000.21智囊經(jīng)驗since: (自以來)1)since+時間點Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 時間段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 從句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (長達）for+ 時間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法: Take notes 22智囊經(jīng)驗 注1): since 也可單獨使用, 表示“自那時起”; 另

11、外since前也可加上ever,以加強語氣.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.23智囊經(jīng)驗注2): 對for或since引導的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?24智囊經(jīng)驗短暫性動詞與

12、延續(xù)動詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換25智囊經(jīng)驗leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be26智囊經(jīng)驗短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問

13、句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。上一頁下一頁為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應的延續(xù)性動詞 來代替短暫性動詞。主菜單27智囊經(jīng)驗 become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away (

14、 from), 下一頁上一頁主菜單28智囊經(jīng)驗 但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。上一頁下一頁主菜單29智囊經(jīng)驗 翻 譯 練 習： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old

15、 man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.WW下一頁上一頁主菜單30智囊經(jīng)驗 3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left h

16、ometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一頁上一頁主菜單31智囊經(jīng)驗have been 與have gone 的用法比較 have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時間了”上一頁下一頁主菜單32智囊經(jīng)驗 Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been

17、 there, have you?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁下一頁主菜單33智囊經(jīng)驗與一般過去時的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 上一頁下一頁主菜單34智囊經(jīng)驗四)It is/has been +一段時間 +sin

18、ce+句子(一般過去時) =一段時間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過去時) Eg. It is/has been five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.35智囊經(jīng)驗eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。上一頁下一頁 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“He bo

19、ught an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強 調(diào)說明。主菜單36智囊經(jīng)驗二當有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時: 上一頁下一頁eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。eg： They have known each other since

20、 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜單37智囊經(jīng)驗三常與一般過去時連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語:上一頁下一頁yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),just now(剛才)， 時間+ ago, last +時間 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜單38智囊經(jīng)驗上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時練習主菜單39智囊經(jīng)驗動 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) t

21、he room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單40智囊經(jīng)驗4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interes

22、ting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一頁上一頁主菜單41智囊

23、經(jīng)驗選用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsi

24、nce下一頁上一頁主菜單42智囊經(jīng)驗用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.H

25、i Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一頁上一頁主菜單43智囊經(jīng)驗改 錯1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away tod

26、ay. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單44智囊經(jīng)驗The house is dirty. We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told

27、 B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning45智囊經(jīng)驗6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C