IBM公司對虛擬化理解與實(shí)現(xiàn)

1、IBM Innovation Centers虛擬化的理解與實(shí)現(xiàn)2企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)中心的轉(zhuǎn)型由技術(shù)革新支持的業(yè)務(wù)模式加速轉(zhuǎn)變 日漸增加的操作性問題相對穩(wěn)定的資產(chǎn)投資Global Annual Server Spending (IDC)Source: IBM Corporate Strategy analysis of IDC data不可控制的管理和能源開支$0B50100150200250300199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010New system spend Management and admin costsPo

2、wer and cooling costsTo make progress, delivery organizations must address the server, storage and network operating cost problem, not just CAPEXIDC成本趨勢圖4“I realized, these guys (IBM) are ahead of me. Theyve actually thought through the consequences of this new life that were building. And we immedi

3、ately organized to partner with the technology, and the technologists, and the vision.”Eric Schmidt, CEO GoogleBusiness Partner LeadershipConference 20084IT的簡化 SimplifiedSharedSiloedDynamic5企業(yè)范圍內(nèi)的IT需求和供應(yīng)鏈一個(gè)共享服務(wù)中心， 在使用者,業(yè)務(wù)線或者應(yīng)用之間實(shí)現(xiàn) “IT 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施共享” 業(yè)務(wù)策略和服務(wù)層協(xié)議（SLA）促成IT基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的動(dòng)態(tài)和自動(dòng)地優(yōu)化從而減少開支，并且增加服務(wù)的靈活度和質(zhì)量Resou

4、rcesIdentities/SecurityWorkloads/DataProvisioningOptimizationAvailabilityPolicies:IT service definitionsService agreements Business prioritiesServices:That meet business requirementsAdapted from Gartner虛擬化功能和好處共享虛擬資源池ResourcesExamples:LPARs, VMs, virtual disks, VLANsBenefits:Resource utilization, wo

5、rkloadmanageability, flexibility, isolation集合虛擬資源池ResourcesExamples:Virtual disks, IP routing to clonesBenefits:Management simplification,investment protection, scalability仿真虛擬資源池ResourcesExamples:Arch. emulators, iSCSI, virtual tapeBenefits: Compatibility, software investmentprotection, interoperab

6、ility, flexibility隔離Add, Replace,or Change虛擬資源池ResourcesExamples:Spare CPU subst., CUoD, SAN-VCBenefits:Continuous availability, flexibility,software investment protectionResourceType YResourceType XPage 7服務(wù)器虛擬化的不同層次虛擬資源池實(shí)現(xiàn)方法例子Virtual runtimes(application containers)Middleware provides JVM, J2EE, or

7、 CLR application containersMultiple middleware instances act as one WebSphere VEMicrosoft and Sun JVMsBEA Liquid VMVirtual operating systems(application containers)OS creates virtual OS environment per app.Each container has its own name space, files, root, z/OS Address SpacesAIX 6.1 WPARsSolaris Co

8、ntainersHP-UX Syst. Res. Part.MS SoftGridVirtual servers(virtual machines / LPARs)Virtual I/OVirtual networksVirtual devices (CPUs, memory, I/O adapters, )HypervisorsHW partitioningVirtual I/O ServersSelf-virtualizing I/O adaptersIn-memory VLANszSeries PR/SM and z/VMPower HypervisorHP vPars, Integri

9、ty VMSun Logical DomainsVMware, MS Hyper-V, Xen, KVM, Virtual Iron, HardwareApplicationsMiddlewareOperatingSystemsSystem StackThere are three levels in the system stack at which virtualization is often done:(1) hardware virtualization, (2) OS virtualization, and (3) middleware virtualizationConcurre

10、nt use of virtualization at these levels requires coordinated management多租戶模式的開發(fā)成本和潛在的開支Upfront Development CostsScalability (potential to lower costs per tenant)傳統(tǒng)ASP 模式虛擬化HW/SW共享中間件Cloud 傳統(tǒng)的 ASP 模式Application Service Providers host each tenants application in dedicated hardware, middleware and ope

11、rating system ASP 模式優(yōu)點(diǎn)無需重新設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用 市場推出最快通過有限的共享基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和自動(dòng)化可以提高一點(diǎn)效能潛在開支每個(gè)服務(wù)器所能支持的租戶數(shù)有限最高的維護(hù)性開支操作系統(tǒng)vs硬件虛擬化硬件虛擬化 設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)服務(wù)器可以支持不同類型的操作系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)為虛擬化硬件資源成為虛擬機(jī)Examples:IBM Power SystemsLPARS操作系統(tǒng)虛擬化基于單一的宿主操作系統(tǒng)實(shí)例比較高效率的實(shí)現(xiàn)管理和更新適合于整合或者部署單一的操作系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境Examples:IBM AIX 6.1 WPARsXen Para-virtualization操作系統(tǒng)虛擬化Server HardwarePres.

12、LayerBusiness LayerData LayerAppPres.LayerBusiness LayerData LayerAppPres.LayerBusiness LayerData LayerAppOSVirtual-OSVirtual-OSVirtual-OSOS Virtualization 好處只要更新宿主系統(tǒng)，所有的虛擬實(shí)例都自動(dòng)更新使用應(yīng)用的模板可以動(dòng)態(tài)的分配應(yīng)用靈活的資源管理可以實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)整磁盤，CPU和內(nèi)存資源壞處單一的操作系統(tǒng)實(shí)例應(yīng)用需要穿越兩層操作系統(tǒng)才能到達(dá)CPU / IO（影響性能）;對共享的操作系統(tǒng)部件 (DLLs) 有潛在的集成問題Tenant 1s use

13、rsTenant 2s usersTenant 3s usersServer HardwarePres. LayerBusiness LayerData LayerAppPres.LayerBusiness LayerData LayerAppPres.LayerBusiness LayerData LayerAppHypervisorVirtual HWOSVirtual HWOSVirtual HWOS硬件虛擬化好處極少的操作系統(tǒng)集成問題因?yàn)闊o共享的操作系統(tǒng)部件或者目錄每個(gè)分區(qū)可以配置不同的或者不通版本的操作系統(tǒng)壞處每個(gè)虛擬的操作系統(tǒng)都要消耗內(nèi)存每個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)都要消耗磁盤空間，必須購買許可證

14、，必須單獨(dú)管理，即便它們是相同的版本 . Tenant 1s usersTenant 2s usersTenant 3s users虛擬化模式優(yōu)點(diǎn)少量的或者不需要重新設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用比共享中間件模式少前期的開發(fā)費(fèi)用，更快的推向市場對每個(gè)租戶有很好的隔離的安全性和可用性相比較完全共享模式有高度的客戶化為每個(gè)租戶具有簡便的備份和恢復(fù)方案通過中介模塊提供多租戶的額外功能，比如存取控制，計(jì)費(fèi)等潛在開支（相對于共享中間件模式）租戶數(shù)量擴(kuò)展性較差管理費(fèi)用較高如果多服務(wù)器的話，部署開銷較高共享中間件模式Hardware, OS and Application server layers are shared, to

15、 varying degrees, across users. Data Layer comprises Shared Databases with either shared or separate tables. Presentation LayerBusiness LayerData LayerManagement LayerDirectory ServicesSecurityProvisioningAppServer HW and OS LayerServer Hardware and OS Layers are shared across usersMetadata LayerTen

16、ant ATenant BSeparate TablesShared TablesTenant ATenant BTenant 1s usersTenant 2s usersTenant 3s users共享中間件模式優(yōu)點(diǎn)快速增加租戶的擴(kuò)展能力由于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施由所有租戶共享，開銷非常的有效比虛擬化或者折中的辦法減少資源浪費(fèi)潛在開支對原本單租戶的應(yīng)用需要重新設(shè)計(jì)，或者重新編碼Time to Market impact of re-architecting applications for multi-tenancyHigher upfront costs when code changes are

17、necessary需要有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的程序員 需要提供給單個(gè)租戶備份或者恢復(fù)等額外特性Page 17虛擬資源對象和虛擬用具（Virtual Appliance）Virtual IT ConfigurationsVirtualWebServerVirtualWebServerWebServerVirtualDatabaseServerDatabaseServerAppServerVirtualAppServerAppServerVirtual resource objectsProvisionable rapidlyAdjustable dynamicallyMovable while activeDu

18、rable over HW generationsStorable and versionablein shared librariesDistributable as appliancesVirtualSystemsVirtualDisksVirtualLANsMulti-System Virtualization Management Software Physical Resources with Virtualization Technologies虛擬資源對象由虛擬機(jī)或者應(yīng)用程序容器構(gòu)成 (virtual HW, OS, or MW API)包含程序的邏輯以及狀態(tài)；可能包含用戶數(shù)據(jù)可

19、以合并來組成復(fù)雜的虛擬資源 (molecules made of atoms)通常打包成單一文件通過隱藏內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)而成為虛擬用具 (virtual appliances)18虛擬化的角色擴(kuò)展集成和簡化物理整合WindowsServerLinux ServerMainframe orUnix ServerNetworksStorageVVVVVEnsembleEnsembleEnsembleHighly Virtualized Data CenterServiceMgmt.Green IT抽象和資源池化Multi-System VirtualizationVirtual Servers, Stor

20、age, NetworksStorageServersNetworksVVVResourcePoolsResilienceBetter hardware utilizationImproved IT agilityLower power consumptionImproved resource optimizationSimplified HA solutionsBetter SW investment protectionReady-to-run packaged softwareDecouple complexity from scaleIntegrated autonomic mgmtD

21、ynamic energy optimizationData center security foundationSecurity虛擬化帶來的好處和挑戰(zhàn)“Virtualization without good management is more dangerous than not using virtualization in the first place,” Gartner What is in my environment? What has changed?What is the utilization of my environment; how do I optimize, m

22、anage workloads?How do I demonstrate accountability to my application owners?Source:云計(jì)算智慧的服務(wù)提供方式云計(jì)算是一種新的計(jì)算模式，利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)把大量可擴(kuò)展(和彈性)的IT相關(guān)的能力作為一種服務(wù)提供給多個(gè)用戶云計(jì)算的定義- IBM 藍(lán)云架構(gòu)委員會(huì) 21一種新的用戶體驗(yàn)和業(yè)務(wù)模式“云計(jì)算”是一種新出現(xiàn)的計(jì)算模式，它是一個(gè)IT計(jì)算資源池，并將應(yīng)用、數(shù)據(jù)、及其他資源，以服務(wù)的形式通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供給最終用戶。一種新的 IT架構(gòu)管理方法“云計(jì)算”是一種新的方式來管理大量的高虛擬化的 IT資源。從管理的角度來看云計(jì)算，它可

23、以將多個(gè)小的資源組裝成大型的資源池，也可以將大型資源虛擬化成多個(gè)小型資源，而最終目的都是提供服務(wù)。服務(wù)的消費(fèi)者服務(wù)目錄組件庫云計(jì)算系統(tǒng)管理員數(shù)據(jù)中心基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施監(jiān)控管理服務(wù)和資源組件提供商 /軟件和服務(wù)發(fā)布商發(fā)布、修改組件和服務(wù)的模版 使用服務(wù)云計(jì)算云的不同服務(wù)層次和類型基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)作為服務(wù) (IaaS)(虛擬的服務(wù)器、存儲(chǔ)、網(wǎng)絡(luò) )應(yīng)用、流程和信息作為服務(wù) (SaaS)(行業(yè)應(yīng)用, CRM, ERP, OA等)平臺(tái)作為服務(wù) (PaaS)(優(yōu)化的中間件 應(yīng)用服務(wù)器、數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器等 )公共云(提供商- 互聯(lián)網(wǎng))私有云(數(shù)據(jù)中心 內(nèi)部網(wǎng))混合云(公共和私有)提供的是“服務(wù)”IBM例子Websphere e

24、xtreme scaleTSAMVMControl市場例子云計(jì)算服務(wù)的交付模式分類客戶服務(wù)創(chuàng)新的業(yè)務(wù)模式服務(wù)服務(wù)服務(wù)整合服務(wù)整合服務(wù)整合公共云企業(yè)Source: IBM Corporate Strategy連接連接核心業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用套裝應(yīng)用合規(guī)要求比較高的應(yīng)用測試系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)云開發(fā)系統(tǒng)可變動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)軟件作為一種服務(wù)網(wǎng)站托管私有云混合云企業(yè)私有云私有云: 64%公共云:30%客戶感興趣程度vs. 云的服務(wù)生命周期和IT服務(wù)管理DefinitionOfferingSubscription &InstantiationProductionTerminationIBM / ISV /IT Dept Subscrib

25、er (e.g. Line of Business)Administrator / SLMService Template DefinitionCreate Build- and Management Plans for Service Service Offering Creation & RegistrationDefine Service based on Template and register it in the CatalogService Catalog ManagerService Offering Subscription & InstantiationSelect Ser

26、vice, specify parameters and SLAsAutomatically instantiate the ServiceSubscriber (e.g. Line of Business)Service Instance TerminationDestroy Service and free up resourcesCloudServiceService TransitionService OperationsService DesignManual or Autonomic Execution of Management Plans leveraging Automati

27、on and VirtualizationEnsure SLA ConformanceService Management PlatformCommon Resource PoolsAugust 24, 2008云計(jì)算的架構(gòu)視圖的具體組成End User Requests& Operators服務(wù)請求和操作Design & BuildImage Library (Store)DeploymentOperationalLifecycle of ImagesIT基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和應(yīng)用提供者服務(wù)建立和部署Virtual Image ManagementService CatalogRequest UIOperational UIOptimized Middleware(image deployment, integrated security, wor