中考英語閱讀理解的五大突破

1、中考英語閱讀理解的五大突破1 突破細節(jié)把握事實的信息出處在閱讀理解題中，細節(jié)理解占了很大比重。此類題可能針對文章中某個特定細節(jié)設(shè)計的，也可能是針對文章中若干個細節(jié)設(shè)計的，其目的是考查讀者對事實的把握。因此，準確把握細節(jié)的信息源是關(guān)鍵，找出相關(guān)的信息句是正確理解的前提。細節(jié)理解題一般有三種情況：A細節(jié)在一個信息句中；B細節(jié)在多個信息句中；C細節(jié)隱含在信息句相關(guān)的詞語中。例1 The water tap was leaking(漏水) again, and the noise was driving Cassie crazy. Cassie looked at her watch. It was

2、nearly nine oclock. She climbed out of bed and stood on a chair by the shelf. Her mothers Mr. Fix-It Book was on the top shelf. Cassie stepped down quietly. She read the book quickly until she found the page she was looking for, and then began to read carefully.* .Mr. Fix-It Book is probably a book

3、on how to _.A. train pets B. fall asleep C. fix things D. cook food注意：信息句：The water tap was leaking(漏水) again, Her mothers Mr. Fix-It Book was on the top shelf. She read the book quickly until she found the page she was looking for.由此得出C是答案。例2 Cassie worked late into the night. At one point, she tho

4、ught she was done. Oops! A small piece that she had forgotten still lay on the table. Slowly Cassie took the water tap apart(分開) one more time. This time she made sure everything was in place. She turned the water tap on and then off. Onetwothree She waited a full minute. There was no leak! Cassie s

5、miled and put the tools back into the box. Then she went back into bed.*.Cassie took the water tap apart again because_.A. she had forgotten one piece B. the tap was still leakingC. the cat had taken one piece away D. she hadnt understood the book注意：信息句：Oops! A small piece that she had forgotten sti

6、ll lay on the table. Slowly Cassie took the water tap apart(分開) one more time.由此可見答案A是對的。*The water tap wasnt fixed until_.A. nine oclock B. late that night C. the next morning D. the next afternoon注意：信息句：Cassie worked late into the night. There was no leak! Then she went back into bed. 由此得出B是正確的。關(guān)于

7、內(nèi)容細節(jié)考查的經(jīng)典題型有：Which word best describles Mary? 下面哪個詞最佳形容了Mary？Whats the correct order of the following events? 什么是下列事件的正確順序？Which of the following is not true? 下列哪種說法是不正確的？其他細節(jié)題主要通過what、where、how、when、why的問句來考查。2突破詞句把握詞句的邏輯關(guān)系閱讀理解中，猜測詞義題是針對閱讀過程中碰到的不熟悉的詞語設(shè)計的。此題型要求考生通過上下文閱讀，根據(jù)已知信息，進行合理推斷，準確把握某些特定詞語的意義。這

8、類題的關(guān)鍵是突破上下文的暗示，把握詞句的邏輯關(guān)系。一般它具有這么幾種關(guān)系：A解釋關(guān)系B因果關(guān)系C對比關(guān)系D轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系E其他關(guān)系。例3 The event is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature, also known as the WWF. The organizers say climate change is one of the greatest threats(威脅) facing wildlife and nature. They also say when it comes to save energy and money, bi

9、g changes start with small steps like turning out the lights. Now people are all joining together in a global effort to show that its possible to work on global warming. Earth Hour has brought about some new changes to our lives. People join in activities such as candle-lit dinners and star-gazing p

10、arties as a response to the call for going dark.*The underlined word “global” in the passage means “_”.A. 全球性的 B. 地域性的 C. 官方性的 D.海洋性的注意：上文The event is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature，暗示這樣活動是世界性的，因此此處答案就知道了。 例4 Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extre

11、mely exciting horserace. All the riders run very fast on horseback. Some riders hang off the side of their saddles. Some even ride upside down - their legs and feet straight up in the air - all at full speed. Others rush down the course together, men arm in arm, on different horses. On and on they w

12、ent. SO fast and so wonderful!* The underlined word finale in the fourth paragraph most probably means the _of the opening day.A. first part B. middle C. last part D. whole注意：Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely excitinghorserace.根據(jù)它們的因果關(guān)系，可以判斷答案C為準確答案。考

13、查詞意的經(jīng)典題型有：In Paragraph 3, “_” probably means “_”.第三段中“大概的意思是“-”What does the underlined word“mean in the passage?文章中劃線單詞什么意思？The word “”refers to _. 單詞“”意思是指_.。3 突破篇章把握語篇的中心思想閱讀理解考查中常涉及文章主旨大意，這類題目要求考生概括和歸納文章或段落的中心思想。題型基本上有兩種：A概括整個語篇的中心思想；B找出某個語段的主要意思。A類題需對語篇作層次結(jié)構(gòu)分析，根據(jù)文體的特點，把握文章重點講了什么，從而搞清語篇的主旨大意。B類題

14、側(cè)重段落主題，只要找出主題句，段落中心思想就一目了然了。例5 The continent of Africa has a long history and a rich culture，and this is shown in traditional dressYou often find three coloursred，gold and greenin the clothingThe first colour stands for(象征)the blood of millions of people who suffered as slaves(奴隸)；the second is for

15、the rich resources(資源)of the African earth；and the third represents the grasslands of homeBecause clothing has a strong social meaning，people are very careful in choosing what to wearIt would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothing，or to wear clothes in the wrong way，F(xiàn)or example，in Ghanaa wo

16、man should wear her waistband(腰帶)differently according to the importance of the social eventTraditional dress also tells us about everyday lifeAfrican designs are famous for loose(寬松的)clothingTile climate，with the hot sun and wide temperature ranges(變化)，requires that the clothes are comfortable for

17、daily lifeAlthough many people wear Western clothes，particularly in the big cities in Africa，traditional African dress is very highly valuedThis is because it has deep cultural meanings*The passage is mainly about_Athe history of clothes in Africa Bmodern fashion styles in AfricaCthe meanings of tra

18、ditional dress in Africa Dthe materials used in traditional dress in Africa注意：文章第一節(jié)：這種歷史和文化也反映在傳統(tǒng)的衣著上。文章第二節(jié)：因為服裝有著很強的社會意義，因此人們對穿什么很謹慎。文章第三節(jié)： 傳統(tǒng)服飾也講述著人們的日常生活。文章第四節(jié)：傳統(tǒng)非洲服裝評價很高，因為它富有深刻的文化意義。由此可見：本篇文章主要講了非洲服飾的獨特含義。因此C符合。如果選A，肯定會說到非洲服飾的起源、在各歷史時期的演變，而文章并沒有這樣寫。例6 The first Earth Hour was held in 2007 in Sy

19、dney, Australia when 2.2 million individuals(個體) and more than two thousand businesses turned their lights off for one hour to take a stand against climate change. Only a year later Earth Hour had grown into a global event with more than 50 million people across 35 countries and territories（行政區(qū)）part

20、icipating(參加). Global landmarks such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge, CN Tower in Toronto, Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, and Romes Colosseum, all stood in darkness, as symbols of hope for a cause that grows more urgent(緊急) by the hour. In March 2009, millions of people took part in the third Ear

21、th Hour. Over 4000 cities in 88 countries and territories have promised their official support for the event. On Saturday 27 March, Earth Hour 2010 became the biggest Earth Hour. A record said 128 countries and territories joined the global display of climate action.The event is organized by the Wor

22、ld Wide Fund for Nature, also known as the WWF. The organizers say climate change is one of the greatest threats(威脅) facing wildlife and nature. They also say when it comes to save energy and money, big changes start with small steps like turning out the lights. Now people are all joining together i

23、n a global effort to show that its possible to work on global warming. Earth Hour has brought about some new changes to our lives. People join in activities such as candle-lit dinners and star-gazing parties as a response to the call for going dark.This year , Earth Hour is asking people to take the

24、 next step and go beyond one hour. So if you havent done so, next year, late half past eight to half past nine, let us turn off the lights for one hour for the environment! Earth Hour is a call to stand up, to take responsibility(責任) and to get involved(與有關(guān)) in working towards a better future. Earth

25、 Hour is a message of hope and a message of action. Everyone can make a difference. *Whats the main idea of the passage?A. The climate change is one of the greatest threats facing wild life and nature.B. Everyone can make a difference.C. Earth Hour has brought about some new changes to our lives.D.

26、Tell the source(起源) of Earth Hour and its importance.注意：P1：地球1小時2007首起澳洲悉尼，220萬人和2000多家公司熄燈1小時，堅定反對氣候變化。P2 ：這個事件由世界自然基金會組織。P3：今年地球1小時號召更進一步，熄燈超過1小時。由此可見：D符合文章中心思想?？疾槲恼麓笠獾慕?jīng)典題型如下：The main idea of this passsage is _. The passage mainly tells us _. What is the paasage mainly about? What is the best titl

27、e of the paasage?4突破情感把握作者的隱含意思閱讀理解“既要理解字面的意思，也要理解深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等?！弊髡咄炎约旱挠^點隱含在字里行間。因此閱讀時應(yīng)細心領(lǐng)悟作者的寫作目的、立場態(tài)度、思想傾向，根據(jù)已知信息，合理判斷、正確推理。例7 He wishes the holiday season would end already . His back aches , his red suit feels like a spacesuit , his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours and still

28、 the kids keep coming and coming , like ants at a picnic . As Christmas becomes more commercialized (商業(yè)化) across the U. S. and Canada , so must Santas . As the holiday begins earlier each year , so must its spokesmen .The questions from children these days are harder than ever . Now, with thousands

29、of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan , the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable . For example , “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning ?”Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控). A professio

30、nal Santa Claus in Canada told a story : A Santa had a girl on his knee , and he commented , “You have nice eyes and nice hair .” The girl later said it was sexual harassment (騷擾) . When a Santa feels anxious , he often shows it in the same ways ordinary people do : The Santas were always seen to ha

31、ng around at the dinner table when the show ended . Many of them just sleep in bed for several days and dont see other children again .*The passage implies that the job of Santa Claus is .A. well-paid B. very hard C. worth doing D. dangerous信息句：1 He wishes the holiday season would end already2 The q

32、uestions from children these days are harder than ever3 Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控推理結(jié)論：由此可見，圣誕老人的活兒不好過。B. very hard例8 It was clear that he had already used all the money he had and he was $ 8.00 short. The lady in front of me said, “Well, I could pay half of that. “I t

33、old the boy that I could pay the other half. We dug into our handbags. However, both of us only had ten-dollar bills(紙幣) and we needed the cashier to get the change for us. Other shoppers began digging into their pockets to find some change. It was amazing and touching(令人感動的) as all these strangers

34、seemed to react(反應(yīng)) with the same mind. All wanted to be of help. Within minutes the cashier said, “I have too much money.” The cashier didnt need our ten-dollar bills. Then the lady in front of me, who had been the first to offer help, said, “Wait! I didnt even get a chance to give anything!”*Why d

35、id the writer and the woman both feel glad?A. Because the boy had saved some money.B. Because they both didnt need to give anything.C. Because the cashier didnt look down on the boy.D. Because all the shoppers around were willing to help the boy.注意：The lady in front of me said, “Well, I could pay ha

36、lf of that.Other shoppers began digging into their pockets to find some change.All wanted to be of help.由此得出D是正確的?？疾榇祟惖念}型有：The writer.s main thought is that _. The writer feels that _. We can learn from this passage that _. We can conclude that _.5 突破信息學會瀏覽文章檢索信息我們每天都要遇到大量的信息，如何在大量的信息中拾取對自己有用的信息，也是一

37、種閱讀能力。因而中考英語閱讀理解題中常設(shè)置這樣的題型，或一則廣告、或一張海報、或一個課程表、或一個表格。此題要求考生快速瀏覽，找到切合題意的主要信息。這種題型比較簡單，做的時候首先大致瀏覽一下材料的大概，不必都懂，其次認真閱讀題干，然后去文章中尋找。例9 下面是吉林長春之間的快車時刻表，請根據(jù)表內(nèi)信息選擇答案。Train number From To Start ArriveT272 Jilin Changchun 17:56 20:05K666 Jilin Changchun 14:20 16:25K958 Jilin Changchun 06:45 08:48K656 Jilin Chan

38、gchun 16:22 18:35K676 Jilin Changchun 04:18 06:25T271 Changchun Jilin 05:29 07:34K665 Changchun Jilin 11:21 13:36K957 Changchun Jilin 16:40 18:45K655 Changchun Jilin 10:05 12:07K675 Changchun Jilin 21:00 22:5711.Here are _ of trains going between the two cities every day.Afive pairs Bten pairs Cfift

39、een D two pairs12. If you want to get the earliest train to Changchun, you should take _ train.AK958 B. K656 CK676 D K65513The first train from Changchun arrives in Jilin at .A07:34 B08:48 C05:29 D 12:0714You are in Changchun now. Which train do you have to catch if you want to stay in Changchun as

40、long as possible?AK957 BK655 CK675 D T 27115Its 10 to 2 p.m. If you are going to send a bag to the Changchun RailwayStation and get the return train in only a few minutes, when will you arrive in Jilin?A16:25 B18:35 C18:45注意：此類題目關(guān)鍵在于尋找適合的信息。四 動詞填空1 先看下面幾個句子：我昨天看了一場電影，我明天還要看一場電影，我已經(jīng)看了10場電影了。I saw a f

41、ilm yesterday. Tomorrow I am gong to see a film.So far, I have seen 10 films.有人說英語是動詞和介詞的語言，此話一點不假。中國人學英語很大程度上就是花時間熟悉英文動詞的用法、動詞和介詞的搭配。中文是增加修飾詞來說明語義的，英文常采用詞的變化形式來反映語義的，這就形成了中西文的巨大差異，讓中國人感覺頭疼。上面的句子里中文的“看”英文用了三種形式，這就是英文的時態(tài)。動詞填空就是要正確掌握動詞的在具體情景中的正確表達形式。2 兩種類別、四個問題動詞填空有兩種類別：1）謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)；2）非謂語動詞的形式。請看幾個句子：

42、A :The speech in the park _(not start) until the rain stops.B: The millionaire was kidnapped, and later he _(find) in a lonely house.C: These days we are busy _(get) ready for the oral English test.注意：句A、B要填謂語動詞形式，謂語動詞先考慮主“動還是被動”，然后考慮8種時態(tài)形式中的哪種。句C 是考查非謂語形式，初中英語非謂語形式主要考兩種：to do或者doing.,這要看具體結(jié)構(gòu)，這里應(yīng)合一個

43、固定結(jié)構(gòu)be busy doing sth.要判斷一個動詞的形式，請記住四個問題：1 謂語還是非謂語？2 主動還是被動？3 什么時間發(fā)生的？4 有啥要注意？當然各種時態(tài)形式你要牢記哦。3 如何正確填寫動詞形式1） 謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)A ：根據(jù)時間短語判斷，確定謂語動詞時態(tài)。如：In the old days ,the working people in the country _(look ) down on.注意：主語the working people 和動詞look down on 屬于被動關(guān)系，這里時間短語in the old days 告訴我們應(yīng)該用一般過去時。因此此動詞形式應(yīng)為：

44、were looked.應(yīng)特別注意下面的時間短語：in the past few years, at the end of, by the end of ,usually。B：根據(jù)從句時間判斷，推理謂語動詞的時態(tài)。The speech in the park _(not start) until the rain stops.注意：時間狀語從句until the rain stops告訴我們它是一個將來時間，因此謂語應(yīng)該用將來時。又因為start一般不用被動，因此應(yīng)該填will not start;wont start。應(yīng)特別關(guān)注賓語從句、狀語從句中的時間。 C：根據(jù)上下文進行判斷，把握謂語動

45、的時態(tài)。Jack told me that they _(return) to the USA from Shanghai by the end of next November.注意：by the end of next November 到下個十一月底為止應(yīng)該是完成時，然前面有個told，限定了時間應(yīng)該是過去將來時，因為初中8種時態(tài)沒有引入過去將來完成時would have returned ,因此此句就用would return 就可。 D： 根據(jù)特殊句型判斷，填入固定時態(tài)形式。While I _ (prepare) for the dinner, the telephone rang.

46、注意：英文中有一個特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：whenwhile sb was doing sth, sth did.或者Sth did when、while sb was doing sth.中文意思：某人正在做某事時突然某事發(fā)生了。還有一個句型也?？疾閟b was about to do sth when sth did、S +waswere just doing sth when sth. did“某人正要做某事突然某事發(fā)生了”.由此你可以知道上面該填什么形式了。2） 非謂語形式的填空 to do doingE： 采用不定式to do 形式Students cant be made _(study) al

47、l day. They need more free time._(get)there on time,we started early in the morning.注意： to do 表示目的，因此上題用To get；某些結(jié)構(gòu)后面只能用不定式。如：be made to do ,be seen to do ,have to do ,have no choice but to do ,afford to do,pretend to do, ask sb to do,refuse to do ,used to do 等。F：采用doing形式These days we are busy _(ge

48、t) ready for the oral English test.I dont think Aunt Wu would mind_(take) care of our children while we are away.注意：某些結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用doing，因此上面2題，只能用getting和taking。此類結(jié)構(gòu)有 have difficulty in doing , have trouble doing, devote onself to doing,look forward to doing,be used to doing ,have great fun doing ,be agai

49、nst doing ,go on doing ,practise doing , suggest doing，cant help doing等。G：采用動詞原形He could do nothing but _(walk) home.注意：有些結(jié)構(gòu)只能用動詞原形。如：do nothing but do sth ,see sb do sth ,make sb do sth .3) 某些特殊陷阱的情景。某些動詞考題按常規(guī)判斷，應(yīng)該用某種形式，然里面設(shè)置了具體情境，需要特別注意。如We should do what we can_(prevent)people from polluting the

50、environment.此題別給can 迷惑，它是考do what sb can to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)。The book he devoted all his time to _(come) out at last.此題容易上devote to doing sth的當，這里devote all his time to 修飾the book，考的是謂語時態(tài)。 I bought this watch here yesterday, but it _( not work).此題考的是work的特殊用法。表示起“作用”，不用被動，正確形式填 doesnt work.有一組動詞常和well, eas

51、ily, badly連用，用來表達事物的特點，有被動意思，卻常常用主動形式。如：My car drives easily.我的車很好駕駛。This dress washes better.這衣服較好洗。The book sells well.這書很暢銷。This kind of pens write smoothly.這種筆寫起來流暢。The knife of mine cuts well.我這把刀很好使。The stick tears easily.這種棒容易折斷。 A moment please.I m checking if Mr Smith _(be) free tomorrow. 此

52、題考生容易誤解考的是條件狀語從句，因此會用is，其實它考的是賓語從句，這里if表示“是否”，不是“假如”，因此應(yīng)該用 will be。（原創(chuàng)）2011中考英語考前指導 5五 書面表達流暢的六個關(guān)鍵英文書面表達是反映一個考生英語綜合水平的一道考題。這道題的考查核心是表達準確、用詞用句得當。和語文作文不同，語文作文講究立意、布局和文采，而英文書面表達在于傳遞正確的信息，某種意義上說，英文書面表達還處于漢譯英和適度想象結(jié)合的水平。如何寫好英語書面表達，考生應(yīng)該注意書面表達的6個關(guān)鍵。關(guān)鍵1 選擇正確的表達格式英語書面表達的內(nèi)容，無外乎這么幾類：1）郵件、書信、留言； 2）發(fā)言稿、介紹、口頭通知；3）

53、報道、說明、短文。寫書面表達時，要知道寫何種內(nèi)容，用何種格式。中考試卷有的命題人已經(jīng)在試題中設(shè)置了格式，有的需要你自己寫出既定的格式。一般說來，郵件書信類格式如下：A Dear Editor,_ Yours, Li MingBDear Mary,_ Yours, Tom發(fā)言稿、口頭通知、口頭介紹格式如下：C Ladies and gentlemen, (Boys and girls,)Attention,please.(May I have your attention,please?) _. Thats all,thank you.D Good afternoon,everyone! It

54、is a great honour for me to make a speech here.報道、短文、說明格式如下：E Li Hua is one of the students in my class._.F Earth hour_.注意：試卷中有格式就可以直接寫正文，如果沒有就需要添加格式。關(guān)鍵2 研讀表達要點英語書面表達都附有表達要點，考試應(yīng)該仔細研讀，在表達中一個點也不能漏掉。特別要注意題中附加的參考詞語，表達時要巧妙的用進去。要點提示有三種形式 1)文字提示；2）表格提示。3）圖畫提示。如：例1 安徽黃山被聯(lián)合國教科文組織定為世界自然文化遺產(chǎn)。假設(shè)外國友人到你校參觀后，準備去那里

55、旅游。請你根據(jù)以下要點向外國朋友簡單介紹黃山(the Yellow Mountain)。1. 位于安徽南部，是中國著名的旅游勝地。每年有大批中外游客前去旅游觀光。2. 乘汽車去大約要花個小時；也可以乘火車或飛機去。3. 登山便可領(lǐng)略其云海(the sea of clouds)、奇松(wondrous pines)、怪石(unique rocks)等秀麗的風景及清晨美麗的日出。注意：1. 字數(shù) 80 詞左右。 2. 請不要逐字翻譯。例2 Mike 是你班的一位澳大利亞的同學。他患了感冒，去藥店買來一盒藥，向你詢問服藥的方法。請你根據(jù)藥品說明，向 Mike 解釋，并告訴他如何預(yù)防感冒。(詞數(shù)：不少于80個；給出的首句不計入總詞數(shù))服 用 說 明【適應(yīng)癥】適用于感冒引起的咳嗽、頭疼等癥狀。【用法與用量】飯前口服。一次12片，一天3次，療程35天?！静涣挤磻?yīng)】偶有瞌睡感?！窘伞糠幤陂g忌魚、酒、辛辣食品。 例3 看圖作文根據(jù)圖示，寫一篇80詞左右的短文。要求故事完整，句子通順，內(nèi)容與圖片相符。注意：看圖作文一般每個畫面寫上2-3句話就可，把所有畫面連接起來成文。 關(guān)鍵 3 找出核心詞語 書面表達寫作前，在研讀提示要點的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細劃出相應(yīng)的詞語，選擇正確的英文表達方式。例4 李竹月是英語科代表，英語教師要求她用英語發(fā)表一個口頭通知，內(nèi)容是周一下午3