人力資源管理-康耐爾大學(xué)斯奈爾教授的模型課件

1、Scott A. SnellCornell University393 Ives HallIthaca, NY 14853(607) 255-4112Competing through Knowledge:The Human Capital Architecture通過知識競爭：人力資本架構(gòu)IBM“You can get capital and erect buildings, but it takes people to build a business.”“你能得到資金和高樓大廈，但你需要員工才能完成交易”Thomas J. Watson, IB

2、MDid IBM forget? $168 billion (Tobins Q = 2.1) Hardware, software, and services Nobel prize-winning scientists 3,768 patents (1993-1995)Whats Happening Today?今天發(fā)生了什么？ Industry Changes工業(yè)變化 Globalization全球化 Information technology信息技術(shù) Knowledge-based strategies以知識為基礎(chǔ)的戰(zhàn)略 Core competencies核心能力 Innovation

3、變革 External partnerships外部合作伙伴Leading to導(dǎo)致New Business Equation新的商業(yè)等式Need for需要 Organizational agility敏捷的組織 Speed速度 Innovation變革 Cost成本網(wǎng)絡(luò)型組織對顧客誠實(shí)智力資本信息技術(shù)合作者與契約伙伴打破界限關(guān)注核心能力Core Competence核心能力is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to customers. 包括

4、大量技能和技術(shù)，可以提供給消費(fèi)者特殊的利益。Hamel and Prahalad, 1994 SONY索尼 Miniaturization微型設(shè)計(jì)Pocketability便攜式FEDERAL EXPRESS聯(lián)邦快遞 Logistics后勤（協(xié)調(diào)能力）On-time delivery準(zhǔn)時送貨HONDA本田 Engine design/mfg.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) Reliable performance值得信賴的產(chǎn)品MOTOROLA摩托羅拉公司W(wǎng)ireless technology無線技術(shù)Untethered comm.無線溝通 Core Benefit toCompetence Customer核心能力

5、 給消費(fèi)者的利益KnowledgeTechnologiesProcessesRelationshipsCRITERIA標(biāo)準(zhǔn) valuable有價值的 unique唯一的 extendable可擴(kuò)展性 learning學(xué)習(xí) Benefits VALUE = Costs UNIQUE = (social complexity + causal ambiguity) LEARNING = (experience x challenge)Competing Through Peoplet人的競爭 Identify & develop core skills確定和發(fā)展核心技能 Integrate div

6、erse activities整合多樣化的動機(jī) Respond with agility & speed敏捷、快速反應(yīng) Empower action授權(quán) Innovate變革Core Competence核心能力is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to customers.包括大量技能和技術(shù)，可以提供給消費(fèi)者特殊的利益。-Hamel and Prahalad 價值收益/成本學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)挑戰(zhàn)唯一社會的復(fù)雜性原因的模糊性 KNOWLEDGE知識 - c

7、ustomer客戶 - technology技術(shù) - operations 執(zhí)行 - managing 管理 PROCESSES流程 - customer segmentation客戶服務(wù)部門 - just-in-time (hrs)及時服務(wù) - mass customization模塊用戶化 - build to order (AIM)以訂單為核心 - ROIC metrics 計(jì)算基本回報(bào)率制度 - experimentation試驗(yàn) TECHNOLOGY技術(shù) - Premier pages主頁 - software installation軟件安裝 - TPM triggers (par

8、ts, service) - customer purchasing systems客戶購買系統(tǒng) RELATIONSHIPS關(guān)系 - customer intimacy (Boeing)客戶的熟悉程度 - Platinum councils頂尖顧問 - supplier partnerships (Sony)供應(yīng)商合作 - employee involvement雇員參與 - third party service maintainers (TPMs)第三方提供維修服務(wù) - distribution agreements (UPS, Airbourne)分享協(xié)議“Virtual Integra

9、tion”Leading to Value價值 Uniqueness唯一 Learning學(xué)習(xí)“A low-value product can be made by anyone anywhere. When you have knowledge no one else has access to -thats dynamite. We guard our intellectual assets even more carefully than our financial assets.” 低價值的產(chǎn)品任何人、任何地方都可以做。當(dāng)你擁有別人無法掌握的知識時那才是優(yōu)勢。我們小心保護(hù)著我們的智力資

10、本甚至超過了我們的金融資本 -Roy Vagelos, former CEO Merck價值整合“Positively Outrageous Service”Southwest Airlines西南航空 TECHNOLOGY技術(shù) - Premier pages主頁 - software installation軟件安裝 - TPM triggers (parts, service)第三方提供維修服務(wù) - customer purchasing systems客戶購買系統(tǒng) PROCESSES流程 - customer segmentation客戶服務(wù)部門 - just-in-time (hrs)

11、及時服務(wù) - mass customization模塊用戶化 - build to order (AIM)以訂單為核心 - ROIC metrics計(jì)算基本回報(bào)率制度 - experimentation試驗(yàn) KNOWLEDGE知識 - customer客戶 - technology技術(shù) - operations 執(zhí)行 - managing 管理 RELATIONSHIPS關(guān)系 - customer intimacy (Boeing)客戶的熟悉程度 - Platinum councils頂尖顧問 - supplier partnerships (Sony)供應(yīng)商合作 - employee inv

12、olvement雇員參與 - third party service maintainers (TPMs)第三方提供維修服務(wù) - distribution agreements (UPS, Airbourne)分享協(xié)議積極的額外服務(wù) KNOWLEDGE知識 - microbiology微生物 - biochemistry有機(jī)化學(xué) - imunodiagnostics免疫診斷 (antibodies/conjugates)抗體/融合 PROCESSES流程 - R&D/Mfg.研發(fā) - bioconjugation生物聚和 - antibody purification抗體提純 - PCR am

13、plification - DNA hybridization DNA雜交 - TQM全面質(zhì)量管理 - commercialization商品化 TECHNOLOGY - immunoassays確定抗原 - ELISA (serum/blood)免疫血清 - rapid diagnostics快速診斷 - DNA based DNA基礎(chǔ) RELATIONSHIPS關(guān)系 - CRC-DT, CDC - U.S. Army 美國軍隊(duì) - World Health Org國際健康組織. - universities大學(xué) - distribution network分享網(wǎng)絡(luò) - employee (

14、science/mkt)雇員C2 = “Rapid Learning”Leading toAn organization at the frontier of its intellectual field is more likely to stay at the frontier. It can attract and challenge more and better intellect than its competitors. By solving more advanced problems, it has more capacity to solve others. And so

15、on.” 一個處于智力領(lǐng)域的前沿的組織一定處于行業(yè)的前沿。它能夠比競爭對手吸引更多更好的人才且為其提供更多的機(jī)會。通過解決尖端問題它也能解決其他問題。 JB QuinnBIOTECH INC. Value價值 Uniqueness唯一 Learning學(xué)習(xí)C2 =快速學(xué)習(xí)Combination of people and systemsleads to.Human CapitalSocial CapitalOrganizationalCapitalBioTech, Inc.: Intellectual capital生物技術(shù)：智力資本PeopleSystems KNOWLEDGE知識 - mi

16、crobiology - biochemistry - bioconjugation - imunodiagnostics PROCESSES流程 - R&D/Mfg. - bioconjugation - antibody purification - PCR amplification - DNA hybridization - TQM - commercialization TECHNOLOGIES技術(shù) - immunoassays - ELISA (serum/blood) - rapid diagnostics - DNA based detection RELATIONSHIPS關(guān)

17、系 - CRC-DT, CDC - U.S. Army - World Health Org. - universities - distribution network - employee (science/mkt)C2 = “Rapid Learning”快速學(xué)習(xí)PEOPLESYSTEMSCore Competence核心能力人員系統(tǒng)人力資本社會資本組織資本人與系統(tǒng)的整合導(dǎo)致How does human capital contribute to the core competence?人力資本對核心能力的貢獻(xiàn)Value有價值的Unique唯一的Resources need to be:

18、資源是 Benefits VALUE 價值= CostsDrives innovation推動變革Responds to customer demands反映消費(fèi)者需求Provides excellent customer service提供出色的客戶服務(wù)Achieves highest quality達(dá)成最優(yōu)質(zhì)量Instrumental in process improvements有助于流程完善Develops new business opportunities發(fā)展新的商業(yè)機(jī)會Directly affects efficiency and productivity直接影響效率和生產(chǎn)率Mi

19、nimizes costs of production, service, delivery最小化產(chǎn)品成本、服務(wù)成本、送貨成本Not widely available in the marketz在市場上沒有得到廣泛的信賴Cannot be bought or appropriated不能被購買或采購Difficult to imitate or duplicate難以模仿或復(fù)制Specialized KSAs特別的KSADifficult to replace難以替代Customized to our firm在公司定做Developed through on-the-job experie

20、nces通過有實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人培訓(xùn)Distinguishes us from our competitors差異化收益成本KEY 財(cái)務(wù)人員HR人員技術(shù)管理團(tuán)隊(duì)信息系統(tǒng)員 操作人員市場/銷售 研發(fā)員質(zhì)量控制人員生物研究員客戶服務(wù)人員. 快速診斷員.法律顧問分配研發(fā)人員機(jī)械操作員運(yùn)輸員 銷售員銷售員 技術(shù)管理團(tuán)隊(duì)客戶服務(wù)人員HR人員研發(fā)人員 快速診斷員財(cái)務(wù)人員客戶服務(wù)人員操作工研發(fā)人員研發(fā)合作伙伴Core Knowledge核心知識Low VALUE high低 唯一性 高人力資本圖快速診斷Scott A. Snell, Cornell UniversityC2 = Rapid LearningHR人

21、員法律顧問信息管理員生物研究員財(cái)務(wù)人員質(zhì)量控制員技術(shù)管理團(tuán)隊(duì)公用型知識Compulsory KnowledgeIdiosyncratic Knowledge特殊知識輔助型知識Ancillary Knowledge價值低高R&DManufacturing/Operations Distribution SalesSales TMTCustServHRR&D RapidsFinCustomerServiceMfgR&DR&DPartnersCore Knowledge核心知識Low VALUE highLow UNIQUE highBIOTECH, INC: Mapping Human Capit

22、al人力資本圖KEY Finance財(cái)務(wù) HR人力資源 TMT技術(shù)管理團(tuán)隊(duì) MIS信息系統(tǒng) Mfg/Operations 操作人員 Market/Sales市場/銷售 R&D研發(fā) Quality質(zhì)量 Biologicals生物 Cust. Service客戶服務(wù) Rapid Diag. 快速診斷 Legal/Reg.法律 Distribution 分配RapidsScott A. Snell, Cornell UniversityC2 = Rapid LearningHRLegalMISBiologicalsFinQualityTMTCompulsory KnowledgeIdiosyncra

23、tic Knowledge特殊知識Ancillary Knowledge唯一性價值低高低高High Value高價值Low Value低價值Generic普遍性Core核心Idiosyncratic獨(dú)特性Ancillary輔助性Compulsory公用性Unique唯一性Human Capital Architecture人力資本架構(gòu)HumanCapital unique value HRMSystem Employ Mode人力資本唯一性有價值人力資源管理系統(tǒng)雇傭模型Core Human Capital核心人力資本 High Value: Direct link to core competence高價值：直接與核心能力相連 High Uniqueness: Firm-specific knowledge and skills獨(dú)一無二：公司特別的知識和技能High ValueHigh ValueLow ValueLow ValueUniqueGenericGenericIdiosyncraticIdiosyncraticAncillaryAncillaryCompulsoryCompulsoryHuman Capital ArchitectureCore例如Employme