電大《開放英語I》考試資料

1、電大開放英語1考試小抄交際用語The shower isnt working.Ill call the plumber.What do you do?I am a policeman.What would you like.An orange juice, please.What is she doing right. NowShe is talking to Mary.Hello. Im David Manning. Nice to me you.Nice to meet you, too. Im Xiaoyan.詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)He works at a school.I usually get

2、 up at 7 oclock in the morning.The Business Banking Department is on the second floor.David is the only accountant in my fathers company.Mr Green is now on a holiday.Have you got any family?Mark is responsible for the international market.Her name is Clair.I am planning a new marketing campaign at t

3、he moment.Polly enjoys playing the guitar in a band in her free time.There are three plants in the office.He works in the Finance Department of a large company.What does “nr” mean?I sometimes go to the pub on Friday. These people are my friends. Those people are my husbands friends.He lives in New Y

4、ork City. His parents live in Dallas.My husband doesnt like shopping. But I like it very much.Where do your parents live?Im a university student.How much does the flat cost a month?翻譯Whats the time?it is a quarter past seven。(七點一刻)I work from 8 am to 3pm. (從早上八點到下午三點)Her husband works in insurance.(

5、在保險行業(yè)工作)How about going to an estate agent?yes, thats a good idea.(是個好主意)Why dont you (你為什么不)go and talk to them face to face?翻譯成漢語What about playing football tomorrow afternoon?明天下午去踢球怎么樣?。縄 am looking for a flat on the ground floor.我正在找一個在一樓的公寓。Do you like reading English newspapers?你喜歡閱讀英語報紙嗎？He

6、isnt a programmer. He is an engineer.他不是一名程序員，他是一名工程師。She is talking to a customer right now.她現(xiàn)在和客戶在談話。交際用語How do I get to the airport, please?You can take the tube.What does your English teacher look like?shes tall and has long, wavy hair.Whats the weather like in this area?its rainy.Would you like

7、 to go with us?Id love to.Excuse me, where is the nearest bank, please?Its next to the newsagent.詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)What is Singapore like?its small and well organised.How many oranges would you like to buyI dont need any coffee, thanks.How much rice do you want to buy?I dont need to buy any wineIt is raining hea

8、vily here at this moment.I havent got a car. Neither have I.He can speak good English.What about Wednesday evening? Sorry, Im too busy then.Im interested in cooking.It often snows in winter in the north of China.Would you like to come to dinner tonight?I dont need any mineral water, but Id like some

9、 tea, thanks.I am not keen on sports.You can paint the walls and put up posters. You can do what you want.I prefer watching TV. So do I.How much dose it cost by bus?The area is too dirty. Yes, I agree. Its not clean enough.He goes to work on foot but comes back home by taxi.How about taking a taxi?翻

10、譯What is the weather like today? (今天天氣如何？) its very cold.The living room is not comfortable enough .(不夠舒服).The bank is opposite the supermarket. (在超市對面).Can I speak to Jane, please? Im sorry shes not in. Would you like to leave a message? (您要留言嗎)？Tom is not good at (不擅長) playing football.將下列句子翻譯成漢語。

11、She doesnt like borrowing things from others.她不喜歡向別人那里借東西。London is busy, noisy, crowded and exciting, But its too expensive.倫敦是一個繁華的，吵鬧的，擁擠的，令人興奮的城市。但消費很高。I go to a gym twice a week with my friends. We swim and work out there.我和我的朋友每周去體育館2次，我們在那里游泳和做其它運動。Hes got shore, brown wavy hair with blue eye

12、s and a short beard.他一頭短短的棕色卷發(fā)和藍色的眼睛，留著短胡須。It takes forty minutes to get from the airport to the city center by taxi.從機場到城市中心坐出租車大約需要40分鐘。交際用語Excuse me, how do I get to the gym , please? You take the number 866 bus from the supermarket.Whats the matter with you? Ive got a bad cough.Why dont we write

13、 the invitations now . Thats a good idea.What time does the train leave? At half past five.How long does it take from Beijing to London by plane? Its takes about 7 hours.詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)Are there any classes in the evenings?Which is longer , the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?Im making a list of things to b

14、uy.Rose is experienced at training.She is making herself a cup of coffee,When are you leaving London for Paris?I think there will be 50 people at tomorrows party.Carlos has to serve the drinks and take the orders.Hurry up. We dont have enough time.Ill give the man the book.I am not feeling very well

15、. I need to see the doctor.How are you feeling?I am feeling really ill.Was Chris worried about the presentation last week?I dont like London. It is different from Beijing.Why dont we prepare everything today?I have an English class three times a week.Chris usually go to the gym at the weekend.You sh

16、ould go to bed and sleep.Which of these two books do you prefer?Im bad at spelling. But Jane is worse than me.翻譯Are you free(你有空嗎) on Saturday?Im afraid not. I have to go to the English classes on SaturdayWhat does he look like? (他長什么樣兒)Hes very tall with blue eyes and short beard.Im not feeling wel

17、l. I think Ive got a cold.(我得了感冒)。David Smith isnt good at (不擅長) wed management. What do you feel today (你今天感覺如何?) I feel very tired. I was very late last night. 將下列句子翻譯成漢語How many days did you stay in Beijing? 你在北京呆幾天了？The month after next. I do two gym sessionsa week. 再下個月，我每周練兩次體操。He is good at w

18、eb-design, much better than her. 他擅長網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計，比她強多了。We have too much cheese in the fridge.我們有很多奶酪在冰箱里。I feel terrible. Ive got a headache, backache and a sore throat.我感覺非常難受，感覺頭疼、背疼、嗓子疼。交際用語What do your parents do? My father is a manager. My mother is a murse. Can I help you? Yes, Id like some apples, pl

19、ease.Hello, Linda, how are you? Very well, thank you . Are you good. What does her boyfriend look like? He is quite tall with fair curly hair.Could you ring them up please? Im sometimes quite nervous on the phone. Yes, of course. I will phone them for you.詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)Im a deputy manager. I work about an IT

20、 company. What is your job? Im an accountant.Who is that man over there? Do you know his name? This is his bock. Could you give it to him? How much yine do you need for the party? Would you like a drink? Wine? Beer?How do I get to the gym?Id like to invite you to a party this Saturday.I like documen

21、taries on TV. So do I.The Business Banking Department is on the second floor.The shop closes at six every day.He is a good student. He always comes early. Whats wrong with your clock?Pandas and monkeys are not . dangerous animals.Is your father reading a book or watching TV?We often have our supper

22、at home.What was the meeting like? It was very exciting.Im interested in cooking.There are four children in the picture.This watch is as expensive as that one.翻譯Could yu ask him to call me before seven(在7點前給我打電話) this evening.Shanghai is fast and exotic, dont you think so? Yes, but it is not as exci

23、ting as London (不如倫敦那樣令人興奮).Who is responsible for (誰負責(zé)) advertising.Whats the matter? Im not feeling well (我感覺不舒服). Ive got a toothache.Which of these two do you prefer (你更喜歡)? I prefer the green one.翻譯成漢語He is not very tall and wears glasses.他個子不是很高,戴著一副眼鏡。I dont like the flat. It is too near the

24、road.我不喜歡這個公寓，它離鐵路太近。How about playing football tomorrow afternoon?明天下午去踢球怎么樣？The bank is on the corner. Its opposite the newsagent.銀行在拐角處，在報攤的對面。Jane(簡) is better at web-design than Mary(瑪麗), but Mary is more experienced at training.簡比瑪麗更擅長于網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計，但瑪麗在培訓(xùn)方面更有經(jīng)驗。復(fù)習(xí)自測題（3） 閱讀理解一、閱讀下列短文，從A、B、C三個選項中選出一個正確答

25、案。短文一1Helens husband is mark. . mark and Helen have got two children: a son and a daughter . The sons name is Andrew and the daughters name is Joyce . Joyce has got two children , a son and a daughter . So Helen and Mark have got two grandchildren . Helens granddaughters name is Pam and grandsons na

26、me is Dan . Andrew isnt married and he hasnt got any children . Pam and Dan like playing on the computer with their uncle . Andrew also likes playing football with his brother-in-law , TomWho is Andrew? Andrew is Dans uncleWho is Mark? Mark is Dans grandfatherWho is Tom? Tom is Dans uncleWho is Joyc

27、e? Joyce is Toms wifeWho is Pam? Pam is Andrews niece 短文一2Betty is from Italy. Now she lives in Edinburgh (愛丁堡) . But her parents still live in Italy. She is 25 years old. She is a teacher. She works in a high school in Edinburgh. She teaches science (科學(xué)) and she likes her work. Most of her students

28、 are 15 or 16 years old. They all like her. They think she is a great teacher and a beautiful girl with long golden hair. Betty has a boyfriend. His name is Ray. He is British. He is 30 years old. He likes books and music. He can play the piano very well. He is in IT. He works very hard. But he does

29、 not like his job. Bettys parents live in Roma . Doesnt sayBetty has long beautiful hair. rightRay likes his joy WrongBoth Betty and Ray like traveling RightRay likes staying at home Doesnt say短文二1In Britain the weather is very changeable（多變的）. It often rains, but the sun sometimes shines too. The w

30、inters are quite cold, with an average（平均的） temperature of 5 degrees. It is colder(更冷) in the north of England and it often snows there, but in London it doesnt often snow. The summers are sometimes cool and sometimes warm, but the temperature doesnt usually go above 30 degrees.It is often cloudy an

31、d there are sometimes grey（灰色的） skies for days or weeks. Foreigners think it is always foggy in England, but in fact（事實上） it is not often foggy now.1. It oftenrains in Britain.2.The average temperature of Britain is 5 degrees in _ winter _ 3. It issometimes warm in summer in England. 4. It is often

32、cloudyin England.5. It is often cloudy in England短文二2It is Sunday morning . Johns just sitting around and doing nothing . He hates it . He doesnt like spending Sundays at home . He likes going out . He likes doing things . He likes playing sports . He enjoys dancing and he loves going to the gym . H

33、e sometimes says at the gym all moring . But his wife doesnt like going out . She enjoys watching TV at home . She is watching TV right now . She is watching TV in their bedroom . Theyve got a big TV there . But John never watches it . He hates watching TVJohn and his wife live in a big house . Does

34、nt sayJohn is keen on sports . RightJohn doesnt like watching TV RightBoth John and his wife enjoy going out WrongJohn is at home and his wife is at the gym now Wrong短文三1Hi xiaoyan,You want to know about my gym.The gym is “New You” . The phone number is 0207911340 . Its near Oxford Circus . Theres a

35、 swimming pool and there are a lot of classes . There is a yoga class on Tuesday morning (I go to it) and there are aerobics classes every evening . There is also a Tai Chi class . I dont know when . There are lots of running machines and weights machines , but there arent any bicycles . Theres a sa

36、una , but there isnt a steam room and there are very nice showers and free cosmerics!See you there?Jan1、Jan goes to yoga class on Tuesday morning2、There are a lot of classes in the gym3、There is the aerobics class in the gym in the evening4、There is a sauna in the gym5、The cosmetics is free in the g

37、ym短文三2Kathy lives in Sydney(悉尼) . She works in an office and she is a secretary . She begins work at nine every day . She is always on time for work . In fact , she is often early . She is never late ., and she is never sick . Kathy usually types letters and answers the telephone . She sometimes fil

38、es(把文件歸檔) and makes copies(復(fù)印文件) . She seldom makes mistakes (出錯) when she types or files , She always answers the phone politly(禮貌地) . She has lunch from 12.30 am to 1.30 pm , and she finishes work at 5.00 pm . In the evening sometimes she goes out with her friends . Sometimes she stays at home wat

39、ching TV .She doesnt work on the weenkend . On Saturday , she cleans the house , does housework and goes shop ping . On Sunday she relaxes or goes to the cinema31、Kathy is never late for work . Right32、Kathy types very fast Dosent say33、In the afternoon Kathy starts work at 1.30 Right34、In the eveni

40、ng , Kathey always stays at home watching TV Wrong35、Katy never does any work on Sunday Doest say短文四1The permanent employees get a salary every month, but because I am temporary I get my wages in cash every week. I dont get a lot of money, because I am a waiterbut the customers often give me tips. I

41、 am friendly to my customers because I hope they will be generous. Because I am temporary, I only get 6 an hour, and I dont get money when I dont work. I want to go to Italy to see my parents. But I havent got enough money and I dont get holiday pay. Its a pity. Also, I dont get sick pay when I am i

42、ll. But I can work extra hours. I often do overtime at the weekend if the restaurant is busy. At Christmas the boss gives us extra moneya bonus. 1. How often do temporary employees get their pay? Every week.2. “Tip” is closest in meaning (意義) to _ money for good service _. 3What does the writer do?

43、He serves customers in a restaurant4. The writer _ often works on Saturdays and Sundays _5. The writer doesnt have enough money to _ see his parents in Italy _短文四2In schools all over the world, boys and girls are learning foreign languages. Everyone knows his own language, but another one is very us

44、eful especially(尤其) when you travel to other countries. If you go to France, you should be able to speak French, and in Germany, people will expect you to understand German. How many languages are there in the world? There are about fifty hundred, but a lot of them are not very important. English is

45、 one of the most important because so many people use it, not only in England and America but also in other parts of the world. About 200,000,000 people speak it as a second language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it. Many millions of schoolboys and schoolgirls are trying to do

46、 so.31、learning foreign languages is very useful. Right32、There are about 1,5oo languages in the world Wrong33、A lot of languages in the world are very important . Wrong34、People in Brazil(巴西)also apeak English . Dosent say.35、About 200,000,000 people are learning English , Wrong請您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！201

47、6年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized tran

48、sport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiti

49、ng release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus elec

50、trical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and non-nerve cells. This process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical

51、 transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-ca

52、lled motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid respons

53、e to a command is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholin

54、ergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasymp

55、athetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites

56、 in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of recep

57、tors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two m

58、ajor types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholin

59、e at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine pl

60、ays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the en