【學(xué)海導(dǎo)航】2015高考英語（新課標(biāo)）一輪語法同步課件：第6節(jié)　動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（共73張）（2014高考）

1、高效語法復(fù)習(xí)篇 第6節(jié) 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 動詞的時態(tài) 高考湖南卷的單項選擇題中動詞的時態(tài)必考。?？嫉氖?種時態(tài)：過去完成時(2021年)，過去進(jìn)行時(2021年，2021年)，現(xiàn)在完成時(2021年，2021年，2021年)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(2021年，2021年)，一般過去時(2021年，2021年)。 1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時考點(1)在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動作。(2)表示在最近按方案或安排要進(jìn)行的動作，此時，多有表示將來的時間狀語。2現(xiàn)在完成時考點(1)for時間段， since時間點。Since 1998, everything has changed. 自從1998年以來，

2、一切都變了。Since he came here, everything has changed. 自從他來到這里，一切都變了。(2)表示“第幾次做某事與once, twice等連用時。I have seen the moving film twice.那部感人的電影我已經(jīng)看了兩次了。 It is the second time that I have seen him. 這是我第二次見到他。(3)最高級后的定語從句。She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.她是我見過的最漂亮的女孩。 3一般將來時考點(1)總是用在一般現(xiàn)在時的時間狀語從句

3、或條件狀語從句對應(yīng)的主句中；If you go there, I will tell you the truth.如果你去那里，我將告訴你真相。(2)某些表示位移或短暫性動作的動詞，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來；(3)“祈使句and/or句子，and后的句子總是用一般將來時。Study hard and you will succeed. 努力學(xué)習(xí)你就會成功。Come here early or/otherwise you will miss the train. 早點來，否那么你會錯過火車。4將來完成時考點(1)常見的時間狀語為by the end of this year, by eight oc

4、lock this evening, by March next year以及when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。By the end of next year, we will have learned 200 songs. 到明年年末，我們將會學(xué)完200首歌曲。(2)在時間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時用現(xiàn)在完成時表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.孩子們一從學(xué)?；貋砭妥黾彝プ鳂I(yè)。5一般過去時(1)一般過去時的?？紵狳c：一般過去時的具體過去時間往往隱含在一組對話或上下

5、文之中。只不過是人往往會通過對話的方式來隱含這個過去的時間。I went to Beijing to visit the Great Wall in 1989. 1989年我去北京看了長城。(2)used to do表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再維持的習(xí)慣動作。to為不定式，后接動詞原形。He used to have a walk along the street. 他過去老沿著這條街散步。I am not used to the food in this city. 我不適應(yīng)這個城市的食物。(3)在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替將來時。He promised to buy me a compute

6、r if he got a raise.如果他提了工資，就容許給我買一臺電腦。6現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別在英語的時態(tài)中，過去的就是過去，與現(xiàn)在無任何聯(lián)系，這時要用一般過去時。但我們說話時常有“借古諷今之說，可見把過去和現(xiàn)在隔絕是不可能的，英國人就想了一個把過去和現(xiàn)在連在一起的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時，可見這種時態(tài)既與過去有關(guān)，也必須與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時就是一座“橋，把現(xiàn)在和過去聯(lián)系到了一起。I worked in that company for 5 years, but now I have retired and am living a quiet life. 我以前在那家公司工作過5年，但

7、是現(xiàn)在我退休了，過著安靜的生活。7過去進(jìn)行時(1)在復(fù)合句中，如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續(xù)的或同時發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時。While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報。 (兩個動作都是延續(xù)的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦車時我在做飯。(兩個動作同時進(jìn)行)(2)通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時的動詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear,

8、 know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。誤：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer.我知道答案。誤：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him.我不明白他的意思。8過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 (1)進(jìn)行時表某一行為的“片斷，一般時表示行為的“整體和存在的狀態(tài)。 I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完

9、，“讀的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個“讀) (2)一般持續(xù)時間狀語多與進(jìn)行時連用 It was raining all night.(優(yōu)先用was raining，rained 為持續(xù)動詞，故也可使用) He was writing a letter the whole afternoon. (短暫動詞與持續(xù)時間連用，表反復(fù)，連續(xù)發(fā)生，不可用一般過去時) (3)while 時間狀語從句中用短暫動詞時只能用進(jìn)行時。 He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. (4)while 所在主從句動

10、作大致持續(xù)相等時主從句一般都用進(jìn)行時，但假設(shè)是持續(xù)動詞可都用一般過去時，兩個動作一長一短時短的用一般時，長的用進(jìn)行時。 I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行) 9過去完成時(1)能用這種時態(tài)的動作肯定發(fā)生在“過去的過去，句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語，這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用。They finished earlier than we had expected.他們完成得比我們想象的要早。He had known the news before I told him it. 我告訴他消息之前他就已經(jīng)知道了。(2)用

11、在hardly/scarcelywhen； no soonerthan的句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.他來看我時我剛剛完成工作。(3)表示“第幾次做某事和“自從多長時間，主句用一般過去時，從句用過去完成時。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.那是她第二次看到她的外祖父。(4)動詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用于過去完

12、成時，表示“過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望，打算和意圖。I had intended to see you but I was too busy. (也可以是 I intended to have seen you but I was too busy.)我本想去看你，但我太忙了。10過去將來時(1)一般用于主句為過去時的賓語從句中。He said he would stay with us.他說他要與我們待在一起。(2)“was/were going to 動詞原形或“was/were 動詞不定式的完成式可表示未能實現(xiàn)的過去將來時間的動作。 Last Sunday we were going to vi

13、sit the Great Wall, but it rained. 上星期天我們本想去游覽長城的，但卻下雨了。(沒有去成)(3)“be about to do 和 “be on the point of doing結(jié)構(gòu)一般不與表示將來的時間狀語連用，但后面可以接when引導(dǎo)的分句。 I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 我正要動身天突然下雨了。(4)come，go，leave，arrive，start等動詞可用過去進(jìn)行時代替過去將來時。He said the train was leaving at six the next

14、 morning.他說火車將于第二天早晨6點離開?！局R運用】填空題：1. No sooner _ he _ (see) me than he _ (tell) me the good news.2. By the end of last year, they _ _ (learn)1,000 songs together.3. I _ _ _ (live) here for 5 years since I _ (move) here.4. If you insist on your opinion, I _ _ (put) off the meeting.5. If he _ _ (arri

15、ve) there on time yesterday, he _ _ _ (catch) the early bus.答案：1. had; seen; told2. had; learnt3. have; been; living; moved4. will; put5. had; arrived; would; have; caught1. Jeff, you look so excited today. Sure I am, I _ a good job in a big company, you know. A. offeredB. will offerC. have been off

16、eredD. was offered 【分析】C句意：杰夫，你今天顯得好興奮。那確實，我在一家大公司謀得了一份好工作。此題中“得到工作在過去，快樂到現(xiàn)在。2. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes【分析】C割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時。同時，when表時間的同時性，“瑪麗在做衣服時提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時。3. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was r

17、eading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell【分析】B句中的as when, while，意為“當(dāng)之時。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時，用過去進(jìn)行時；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意 “在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。句中的 fell (fall的過去時)，是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。4. He will come tomorrow. But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow. A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come【分析】C

18、此題容易誤選A或B，因為上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都說明空白處應(yīng)填一個一般將來時態(tài)。但實際上此題的最正確答案是 C，這與 would rather 的用法有關(guān)。按照英語習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時，其謂語的時態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成時表示過去。 5. Mr. Smith _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it. A. has written B. w

19、rote C. had written D. was writing【分析】D此題應(yīng)選D，這是由 but I dont know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的，全句意“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書，但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫完了。有的同學(xué)可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B。但假設(shè)選B，那么句子前半局部的意思那么為“史密斯先生去年寫了一本書，既然是“寫了，那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫完了相矛盾。動詞的語態(tài) 高考湖南卷的單項選擇題中動詞的語態(tài)必考，而且每年1題，總計1分。 1在使用被動語態(tài)時，千萬不要遺漏句末的介詞或副詞。 Such a b

20、ad habit should be got rid of. 這樣的壞習(xí)慣應(yīng)該改掉。 All the important matters have now been attended to. 現(xiàn)在，所有重要的事情都得到了處理。2雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu)雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu)指的是句中謂語動詞和其后的不定式均為被動結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語既是謂語動詞的承受者，同時又是不定式動作的承受者。They asked us to discuss the problem at once. We were asked to discuss the problem at once.The problem was asked to be di

21、scussed at once.這個問題被要求立刻討論。(雙重被動)3以下句子變成被動語態(tài)時，要用with，不用bySmoke filled the meeting room.The meeting room was filled with smoke. 會議室滿是煙。A cloth covered the table.The table was covered with a cloth.桌上蓋著一塊布。4不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)受動詞的限制表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞，只能用于主動語態(tài)。某些表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞，如have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become, f

22、it (適合), resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold等作謂語時，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳洹he resembles her mother.她像她媽媽。He lacks selfconfidence.他缺乏自信。This hall can hold 2,000 people.這個大廳能容納兩千人。當(dāng)及物動詞have表示“吃飯、“患病、“明白、“知道等意思時，沒有被動語態(tài)形式。Would you have a cup of tea?你要喝杯茶嗎？當(dāng)動詞get，take表示“懂得、“知道，owe表示“欠，cost表示“使失去(生命、健康等)的意思時，動詞沒有相

23、應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。Do you get me?你明白我的意思嗎？How do you take this passage?這段話你怎么理解？I owe 50 pounds to you.我欠你50英鎊。(2)受賓語的限制當(dāng)賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞或具有類似相互代詞的關(guān)系時，動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。They simply cannot contain themselves for joy.他們簡直無法抑制內(nèi)心的喜悅。For years the two sisters looked after one another.多年來兩姐妹互相照顧。當(dāng)賓語前帶有主語的形容詞性物主代詞時，謂語動詞通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動

24、語態(tài)。I could not believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他還活著，我簡直不相信自己的眼睛。The doctor shook his head and then went out without any words. 醫(yī)生搖了搖頭，一句話也沒說就出去了。注意：動詞的賓語是身體的一局部，一般不可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，但也有例外。He fixed his eyes on the oil painting.他把目光集中在那幅油畫上。His eyes were fixed on the oil painting.當(dāng)賓語起狀語作用，表示數(shù)量、重量、

25、大小或程度時，不能用被動語態(tài)。This kind of dictionary costs ten dollars.這種字典價值10美元。The case weighs twenty kilos.這箱子重20公斤。當(dāng)賓語是同源賓語時，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。She dreamt a sweet dream.她做了一個美夢。He lives a peaceful life. 他過著寧靜的生活。如果賓語是動詞不定式或動詞的ing形式時，謂語動詞一般不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。He admitted having done wrong.他成認(rèn)做錯了。He has decided to go and study

26、 abroad.他已決定出國留學(xué)。如果enter, leave, reach的賓語是地點、國家機關(guān)等，不能改為被動語態(tài)。He left the army in 1998.他1998年退伍。She entered the hall at once.她立刻就進(jìn)入了大廳。另外，不可拆開的短語動詞，如take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of, change colour等，也不能改為被動語態(tài)。The book belongs to me.這本書是我的。She caught a very bad cold.她患了重感冒。5不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的動賓詞組cat

27、ch a cold 感冒eat ones words 食言lose heart 喪失信心lose patience 失去耐心make a face 做鬼臉make up ones mind 決心make bed 鋪床make room for 為騰出地方keep watch 守望keep silence 保持安靜speak ones mind 說明見解take place 發(fā)生take ones time 沉著不迫take office 就職take ones leave 請假take notes 做筆記take up arms 拿起武器take ones place 就位6含有would r

28、ather或情態(tài)動詞dare的句子，不能改為被動語態(tài)。I would rather do it now.我寧可現(xiàn)在就干這件事。He dare not do it.他不敢干那件事。7被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別所謂系表結(jié)構(gòu)，在此指“連系動詞用作表語的動詞ed形式結(jié)構(gòu)。它與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以在應(yīng)用時應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。(1)被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞，多強調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，多強調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通?？捎胋y人或by抽象名詞表動作的執(zhí)行者，而后者那么一般不用。The gate to the garden was locked by the girl.花園的門被那個女孩鎖上了。(

29、被動結(jié)構(gòu))The gate to the garden was locked.花園的門鎖了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The tree was blown down by the high winds.那棵樹被大風(fēng)吹倒了。(被動結(jié)構(gòu)) The tree was blown down when we saw it.我們看到那棵樹時，它已經(jīng)被吹倒了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))注意：少數(shù)“連系動詞be 用作表語的動詞ed形式也帶by短語。The old man was surrounded by small children.老人被孩子們團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住。(被動語態(tài))Guilin is surrounded by hills and

30、mountains.桂林周圍都是山。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))We were held up by fog.我們因霧受阻。(被動語態(tài))The tree is known by its fruit.看到果子就知道是什么樹。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))(2)系表結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時等少數(shù)幾種時態(tài)；而被動語態(tài)可用多種時態(tài)。The composition is well written.這篇作文寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The composition is being written.這篇作文正在寫。(被動語態(tài))(3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可被very, too, so修飾，被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞須用much修飾。The

31、boy was too frightened to move.這孩子嚇得動也不敢動。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))He was very excited.他很沖動。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))He was much excited by the news.他聽到消息后很沖動。(被動結(jié)構(gòu))(5)表示“充滿意思的“be 過去分詞 with結(jié)構(gòu)多為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The mountain is covered with snow all the year round.這座山終年被積雪覆蓋。The classroom was crowded with pupils.教室里擠滿了學(xué)生。The lake is dotted with fishing boats.湖里漁帆點點。The floor was piled with old books.地板上堆滿了舊書。(6)remain, feel, lie, stand 以及 become, grow 等詞 過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)多為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The matter remained unsettled.這件事懸而未決。She felt disappointed.她感到失望。The road became crowded.道路擁擠了。(7)句中有時間狀語和地點狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)，反之為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The bank is clos