表語從句整理及其他試題(共11頁)

1、表語(bioy)從句什么(shn me)是表語？在形式上，位于系動詞后的就是表語。從含義上講，表語是回答主語“是什么(shn me)”或“怎么樣”的語法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表語就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修飾主語，表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的。表語須和連系動詞一起構成句子的復合謂語。表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的-ing形式、動詞的-ed、從句來充當，它常位于連系動詞（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。1、概述作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。一般結構是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。2、

2、引導表語從句的詞有（一）由從屬連詞that, whether引導的表語從句。that在引導表語從句時無詞義，只起連接作用，不可??；而whether有詞義，意為 “是否”，但不充當句子的成分（if不能引導表語從句）。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question, trouble, problem, result, chance, suggestion, idea, reason等。表語從句對主句主語進行說明、解釋，使主語的內容具體化。e.g. The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢。e.g. The question

3、is whether we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。e.g. The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。e.g. What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我們(w men)不能理解越來越少的學生對他的課不感興趣。（二）由關系(gun x)代詞who, what, which, whom, whose

4、, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(yndo)的表語從句。關系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關系代詞不能省略。e.g. The question is which of us should go. 問題是我們哪一個應該去。e.g. The problem was who could do the work. 問題是誰能做這項工作。e.g. Thats what he is worrying

5、about. 那就是他在擔心的事。e.g. Thats what we should do. 那是我們應該做的。（三）由關系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引導的表語從句。關系副詞 when, where, how, why 除在句子起連接作用外，在從句中還充當時間，地點，方式或原因狀語，本身具有詞義。e.g. Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。e.g. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrell

6、a. Thats why I got wet through. 我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。e.g. That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的。e.g. That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔心的。（四）由連詞because，as if/as though等引導的表語從句。e.g. It looked as if it was going to snow. 看起來好像要下雪了。e.g. Thats because we never thoug

7、ht of it. 這是因為我們(w men)從未想過此事。e.g. It seems as if he didnt know the answer. 好像他不知道(zh do)答案。（五）可以(ky)接表語從句的系動詞1）最常用連系動詞：be(am; is/was; are/were)。2）表變化的系動詞：get; turn; go; fall; become; grow; come; run。用法注意：在英語中，系動詞一般只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)變化形式，沒有其他時態(tài)變化形式。但表變化的這類系動詞除外，它們有各種時態(tài)變化。e.g. It is becoming colder an

8、d colder.e.g. The food has gone bad.此處還需注意的是become和turn后接表職業(yè)的名詞時冠詞的有無：e.g. Two years later, he became a teacher.e.g. Two years later, he turned teacher.另外，go表變化時一般指事情向消極、不好的方面轉化。常接的形容詞有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey等3）感官動詞系動詞：look; sound;

9、 taste; smell; feel。一般它們在句子中譯成“起來”“上去”。e.g. The food tasted good.食物嘗起來很香。其中必須注意到它們本身也用作實義動詞，所以在平常的教學和應用中一定多比較、關注它們的用法。e.g. He looked sadly at the picture. / She looked sad after hearing the news.e.g. Tom tasted the food and it tasted good.4）表狀態(tài)的系動詞：keep; stay; remain;（依然是；保持）e.g. She remains loyal t

10、o her father despite his cruelty towards her.e.g. What a lovely day today! I love fine weather and I hope it will stay fine for some more days.e.g. Much remains to be done.5）表象系動詞(dngc)：seem; appear。以為(ywi)“看起來像、似乎(s h)、好像”。這兩個動詞有一個共同的特點，即如果要表達時態(tài)的變化，需要后接不定時來完成。e.g. He seemed to have caught cold.e.g.

11、 It seemed that he had caught cold.e.g. When Father came in, Tom seemed to be eating something.e.g. When Father came in, it seemed that Tom was eating something.6）終止系動詞：prove; turn out。表達證實、證明、結果為之意。e.g. He proved (to be) right.e.g. The experiment turned out successful.系動詞用法應注意的幾個問題：A.一般地說，系動詞無進行時態(tài)，

12、無被動語態(tài)。如：e.g. Your hand feels cold.e.g. The soup tastes good.e.g. The dinner smells good.B.系動詞的時態(tài)與形容詞的比較級連用的問題。某些含有變化意義的動態(tài)系動詞如get, become, grow, turn等的進行時態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級連用，表示漸進過程，其意思是越來越.。例如：e.g. He is growing taller and taller.e.g. Our life is getting better and better.e.g. Things are getting worse.C.所有(

13、suyu)半系動詞的被動語態(tài)要分情況(qngkung)討論。英語(yn y)中某動詞在作系動詞用時，無被動語態(tài)，而作實義動詞用時，才有被動語態(tài)，二者不可混為一談。例如：不能說：The apple is tasted good. 因為taste此時是系動詞，嘗起來之意，指的是蘋果的性質，無被動語態(tài)）但我們可以說：The apple is tasted by me. 這蘋果被我嘗了一下。（taste此時指嘗一嘗這一動作，有被動語態(tài)）因此，在平時的英語教學和學習之，要有意注意半系動詞在具體的語言環(huán)境中到底是系動詞用法還是實義動詞用法，要注意區(qū)分、識別。D.瞬間動態(tài)系動詞能否與時間段連用的問題英語中某

14、些表示瞬間意義的系動詞不能與for+時間段，since+時間點，how long until+時間, by + 時間，so far等直接連用。例如：不能說：He has become a teacher for 2 years.應改為：He has been a teacher for 2 years.不能說：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.應改為：He has been a write since 3 years ago.或It is two years since he turned writer.不能說：He got angry until

15、his child came back home.應改為：He didnt get angry until his child came back home.E.系動詞能接幾種表語（從句）系動詞除了接adj./n./prep.短語,還可接以下幾種表語形式：能接as if/as though表語從句的系動詞有：look, smell, sound, feel, appear, seeme.g. It looks as if we are going to have snow. 看樣子天要下雪了。e.g. He looked as if he had just stepped out of my

16、book of fairy tales. 他看來好像剛從我的童話故事中走出來(ch li)似的。e.g. She seemed as if (though) she couldnt understand why Laura was there. 看來(kn li)她好像不能理解為什么勞拉呆在那兒(nr)。e.g. It sounds to me as though theres a tap running somewhere. 我好像聽到某處水龍頭流水的聲音。e.g. She felt as if her head were splitting. 她仿佛覺得她的頭要裂開了。e.g. The r

17、iver appeared as if enveloped in smog. 那條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。e.g. It seems as if it were spring already. 好像已是春天了?？捎糜贗t+系動詞+that從句結構的有：seem, appeare.g. It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了嚴重錯誤。e.g. It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自語。能用不定式作表語的系動詞有：be, seem, lo

18、ok, appear, prove, growe.g. Her job is to look after the children. 她的工作是照料孩子們。e.g. He seems not to look after the children. 他好像不是她的父親。e.g. He looks to be a young girl of twenty. 他看起來像是一個20歲的年輕姑娘。e.g. He didnt appear to dislike it. 看不出他憎恨此事。e.g. My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建議證明是錯誤的。能與there連用的系動詞有

19、：be, appear, seeme.g. There appeared to be only one room. 那兒好像只有一個房間。e.g. There seems(to be)no need to go. 似乎沒有必要走。其他(qt)注意事項：1.表語從句(cn j)一定要用陳述(chnsh)語序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2.不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）。

20、引導賓語從句時可以互換if/whether 位于介詞后要用whether，位于句首時要用whether 引導表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時要用whetherFalse: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.3.“That is why.”與“That is the reason why.”同

21、義，只不過從語法結構上講，“That is the reason why.”中why引導的是個定語從句， 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why.”結構一樣。例如： e.g. That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。 4.“That is because.”句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語，這也是個常用句型，意為“這就是為什么”、“因為”?！癟hat is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is

22、 why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果。例如：e.g. He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 昨天晚上他沒有去看電影，那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。(第一句話說明結果， 第二句話說明原因) e.g. He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. 他以前(yqin)曾看過那部電影，因此(ync)他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明(

23、shumng)原因， 第二句話說明結果)5.當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning表語從句與賓語從句的關系：賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當表語的句子叫表語從句。一、單選題1.The story sounds_.A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true2.Those oranges taste_.A. good B.

24、 well C. to be good D. to be well3.-Are you feeling_? -Yes, Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better4.-Can I join the club, Dad. -You can when you _ a bit older.A. get B. will get C. gets D. will have got5.-Do you like the material? -Yes, it _very soft.A. is feeling B. fel

25、t C. feels D. is felt6.I love to go to the seaside on Summer. It_good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes7.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay8.Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for s

26、everal days.A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed9.What you have said_.Ais sounded interesting Bsounds interestingCsound interested Dlistens interested10.The class begins. Please keep_.Asilent Bsilence Cthe silence Dsilently11.Look! Several people in the crowd seemed_.Ato be fighting Bto

27、 have fought Cbeing fought Dhaving fought12.How _the song she sings sounds! I have never _a better voice.Abeautifully, sounded Bbeautiful, sounded Csweet, listened to Dsweet, heard13.Her feeling about the marriage _rather strange.Ais looked Bis seemed Cseems Dis appeared14.The new shirt_ right.Adoes

28、nt feel Bisnt felt Cisnt feeling Ddoesnt touch15.How happy it_ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad!Agives Bfeels Cis felt Dis given16.John _driver since two months ago.Abecame a Bhas become a Chas turned Dhas been a17.It _he felt very _over the death of the boy.A. seemed that, sad B. s

29、eemed as if, sadlyC. looked as though, sad D. looked that, sadness18. _ everyone here today?A. Be B. Are C. Is D. Am19. Harry is older than I. But he _ younger than I.A. look B. looks C. looked D. looking20. It _ like the singing of the birds.A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes21. This kind of ca

30、ke tastes _.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well22. The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _.A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad23. This kind of paper _ nice.A. feel B. felt C. is feeling D. feels24. This math problem is _ and I can do it _.A. e

31、asy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy25. Coffee is ready. How nice it _! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels26. In winter the days _ colder and colder.A. gets B. getting C. got D. get27. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in h