第二部分第五講動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

1、考點(diǎn)精析專題講座語(yǔ)法綜合演練第五講動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四1連系動(dòng)詞主要包括兩大類(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞：be/seem/look/appear/feel/taste/sound/smell/stay/remain/keep/stand/lie等。She always keeps silent whenever I see her.不管我什么時(shí)候看見她，她總是保持沉默。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的連系動(dòng)詞：become/turn/go/grow/turn out/fall/prove/come 等。The weather is becoming warmer and warmer a

2、s spring is coming.隨著春天的到來(lái)，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。2某些系動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)(1)be/look/become/turn/grow/seem/prove等還可以跟名詞作表語(yǔ)。注意turn后面跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，要省略不定冠詞a(n)。After graduation, she turned nurse.畢業(yè)后她當(dāng)了護(hù)士。(2)look/seem/taste/smell/sound等后面可以跟介詞like 短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man.(摘自2011安徽高考)如果你告訴某人保

3、持安靜，你聽起來(lái)就像一位老者。(3)be/look/feel/sound/seem等后面可以跟as if 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。It sounds as if you are from the south of the States.聽起來(lái)你好像來(lái)自美國(guó)南部。(4)be/seem/appear 等后面可以跟that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.你犯錯(cuò)誤的原因是你本身缺乏信心。(2010四川高考)Some people eat with their eyes.They prefe

4、r to order what _ nice.Alooks BsmellsCfeels Dtastes解析：考查動(dòng)詞的辨析。look為系動(dòng)詞，意為“看起來(lái)”。句意：有些人用眼選擇東西吃，他們喜歡點(diǎn)看起來(lái)好的菜。smell“聞起來(lái)”；feel“感覺起來(lái)”；taste“嘗起來(lái)”。答案：A1grow, increase, improve, raise(1)grow“生長(zhǎng)”，側(cè)重于人或物的生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育，也可指實(shí)力的增長(zhǎng)。(2)increase“增加”，側(cè)重于數(shù)量上的增加。(3)improve“改進(jìn)；改善”，側(cè)重于質(zhì)量的提高或改善。(4)raise “抬高”，側(cè)重于高度和水平的提高。The company

5、 needs to improve performance in all these areas.公司需要在所有這些方面改善業(yè)績(jī)。The price of oil increased.石油價(jià)格上漲了。2injure, hurt, wound, destroy(1)injure一般指在意外事故中受傷。(2)hurt是表示“傷害”的一般用法，既可指對(duì)肉體的傷害，也可指對(duì)情感的傷害。(3)wound常指外傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、戰(zhàn)斗中造成的傷害。(4)destroy一般指徹底損壞，常譯成“毀壞；損壞”。I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想傷害他的感情。He was wo

6、unded in the battle.他在戰(zhàn)斗中負(fù)過(guò)傷。3beat, hit, strike, defeat, win(1)beat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接連地打，擊”，還可表示“打??；勝過(guò)”。Our team beats the American team by eight.我們隊(duì)以超過(guò)美國(guó)隊(duì)八分的成績(jī)戰(zhàn)勝了。(2)上例中的beat不能用hit, strike代替。在表示“打；擊”的意思時(shí)，beat表示連續(xù)性的打擊；hit表示對(duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)打一下，強(qiáng)調(diào)擊中；strike表示突然性或一次性的擊打。She hit him out of anger.她生氣地打了他一下。The tower was

7、 struck by lightning.該塔被閃電擊中。(3)defeat(beat)是指“擊?。粦?zhàn)勝”，賓語(yǔ)通常是人或集體。win是“(在中)獲勝”或“贏”的意思，賓語(yǔ)通常為war, match, game, prize, medal, respect, battle等名詞。He defeated all the other participators and won the prize.他擊敗了其他參賽者，獲了獎(jiǎng)。4acquire, get, gain三個(gè)詞都有“獲得”的意思，但其側(cè)重點(diǎn)各不相同。(1)acquire多指經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的努力而獲得，獲得的內(nèi)容多是抽象的東西，并且一旦獲得很難

8、失去，如知識(shí)等。(2)get是一般用語(yǔ)，指“得到”。(3)gain往往指通過(guò)努力或有意識(shí)的行動(dòng)而獲得有益的東西。He has acquired a good knowledge of English.他英語(yǔ)學(xué)得很好了。5adapt, adjust, adopt, attach(1)adapt vt.適應(yīng)；adapt oneself to適應(yīng)于。(2)adjust vt.適應(yīng)；調(diào)整；adjust oneself to適應(yīng)于。(3)adopt vt.采??；采納；收養(yǎng)；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)。(4)attach 把附(在上)；重視attach much importance to .非常重視。It is diffic

9、ult for me to adapt/adjust myself to the new environment.我很難適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。In my opinion, youd better adjust the plan.依我看來(lái)，你最好調(diào)整計(jì)劃。Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan.他們因沒有親生兒女，所以決定領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個(gè)孤兒。1(2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning

10、to _. Adisappear BfallCfail Ddamage解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。 句意：William發(fā)現(xiàn)他讀書越來(lái)越困難了， 因?yàn)樗囊暳﹂_始衰退了。 disappear “消失”； fall “降落；跌倒”； fail “衰退”； damage “損害； 毀壞”。 只有fail符合句意。 答案：C2(2012襄陽(yáng)二模)Polk was _ by a democratic challenger in the last election.Adefeated BwonCcontrolled Dchallenged解析：此處表示一個(gè)人被另外一個(gè)人“擊敗”，因此應(yīng)用defeat或beat,

11、 win的后面只能跟表示“比賽；勝利”等的名詞。答案：A1break短語(yǔ)break away from 脫離break down 壞掉；出故障；垮掉break into 闖入；破門而入break out (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))爆發(fā)break in 破門而入break off 打斷；中斷break up 打碎；(物理)分解；分開；結(jié)束；制止Shall we break off and have a cup of coffee?I cant agree with you more.我們能不能停下來(lái)喝杯咖啡？我完全贊同。If you go on working like that, you will break

12、down sooner or later.如果你繼續(xù)像那樣工作，遲早你會(huì)累垮的。2call短語(yǔ)call for 需要；邀請(qǐng)call on/at 號(hào)召；訪問(wèn)call in 召集；召來(lái) call up 召喚；召集；打電話call off 取消The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.孩子們?cè)诠珗@高興玩耍的場(chǎng)景勾起了她對(duì)童年的回憶。3come短語(yǔ)come about 發(fā)生 come across 偶遇come to 共計(jì)；達(dá)到；蘇醒 come true 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)c

13、ome up 走上前；被提出 come up with 提出come into being 形成 come into use 投入使用4get短語(yǔ)get about 四處走動(dòng)；傳開 get across 傳達(dá)get away 逃脫；設(shè)法離開 get down 下來(lái)；記下get in 收割；到達(dá) get off 出發(fā)；下班get together 聚會(huì) get through 接通；通過(guò)get down to 開始認(rèn)真干 get over 克服get along/on with 進(jìn)展；相處 get up 起身；起床5give短語(yǔ)give up 放棄 give in 屈服give out 用盡；分

14、發(fā) give away 泄露；贈(zèng)送；頒發(fā)give off 發(fā)出 give back 歸還；使恢復(fù)Many rich Americans have long given away money to charities, rather than to their children.許多美國(guó)的富人很早就開始把錢捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，而不是給他們的子女。6go短語(yǔ)go against違背；對(duì)不利 go ahead 開始；進(jìn)展；進(jìn)行g(shù)o after/for 追逐；追求 go without 勉強(qiáng)維持；湊合go in for 愛好；參加；從事 go through 通過(guò)；經(jīng)歷；審查go over 復(fù)習(xí)；仔細(xì)審查

15、go by 過(guò)去；經(jīng)過(guò)I always start the day by going through my email.我每天第一件事就是要看電子郵件。7hold短語(yǔ)hold back隱瞞；控制(情感) hold out 維持；抵抗；硬撐hold up 使耽擱 hold on 堅(jiān)持；別掛(電話)hold together 團(tuán)結(jié)一致 hold on to 保留；抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住這套房子，這段時(shí)間房?jī)r(jià)漲得很快。8m

16、ake短語(yǔ)make up for 補(bǔ)償；彌補(bǔ) make out 辨認(rèn)出make fun of 取笑 make up ones mind 下定決心make sense 有道理(意義)；講得通make good/full use of .充分利用make up 編造；組成；構(gòu)成；補(bǔ)齊；湊足Mary had to make up for the time she missed in school when she was sick, by studying very hard.瑪麗不得不通過(guò)努力學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)彌補(bǔ)她生病時(shí)所失去的時(shí)間。9put短語(yǔ)put aside 把放在一邊 put away 把收好put

17、 down 撲滅；平息 put forward 提出put off 延期；推諉 put out 撲滅；生產(chǎn)put up 掛起；張貼；搭起；為某人提供食宿put up with 忍受；容忍10turn短語(yǔ)turn down 拒絕；調(diào)低 turn in 上交turn out 結(jié)果是；證明是 turn over 移交；交給turn up 出現(xiàn)；調(diào)高 turn off 關(guān)掉turn on 打開 turn away 走開turn to 求助于；翻到Stella was disappointed to find her new plan turned down and fell into great de

18、pression. Stella看到她的計(jì)劃被拒絕非常失望，難以振作。1(2011蘇北四市第三次調(diào)研)The great damage which the destructive earthquake in Japan in March 11, 2011 _ made a great many people homeless.Abrought in Bbrought aboutCbrought up Dbrought out解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：2011年3月11日在日本發(fā)生的災(zāi)難性地震造成的巨大破壞使很多人無(wú)家可歸。bring about “造成；導(dǎo)致”，符合句意。bring in

19、“引進(jìn)；賺得；提出”；bring up “養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)”；bring out “闡明；生產(chǎn)”。答案：B2(2011宜昌聯(lián)考)The protestors urged their government to take measures to _ their carbon emission to reduce greenhouse effect.Acut off Bcut upCcut out Dcut down解析：考查短語(yǔ)辨析。由語(yǔ)意“反對(duì)者敦促政府采取措施減少二氧化碳排放以減少溫室效應(yīng)”可知應(yīng)用cut down“降低；削減；砍伐”。cut off “切斷”；cut up “切碎”；cut ou

20、t “裁剪；(馬達(dá)或發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))突然熄火；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。答案：D1動(dòng)詞與down構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)break down 壞了；垮了；分解 turn down 調(diào)??；拒絕cut down 削減；砍倒 slow down 慢下來(lái)put down 記下；寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓 tear down 拆毀；拆除set down 記下What a pity! The car ran out of sight before I could set down its number.太糟糕了。我還沒有來(lái)得及記下它的車號(hào)，那輛小汽車就駛出了視野。2動(dòng)詞與on構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)depend on 依靠 rely on 依靠insist on 堅(jiān)持

21、carry on 繼續(xù)；進(jìn)行keep/go on 繼續(xù) put on 穿上；戴上；上演feed on 以為生You can rely on me to keep your secret.你可以相信我一定會(huì)為你保守秘密。3動(dòng)詞與out構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)break out 爆發(fā) point out 指出carry out 執(zhí)行；進(jìn)行 turn out 結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)；培養(yǎng)work out 算出；想出辦法；健身 find out 查出；弄明白try out 試用；試驗(yàn) look out 當(dāng)心；提防Have you been working out?Yeah. As a matter of fact, Ive been going to the