英語課件Luoyang

1、introductionLuoyang, located in the mountainous western part of Henan boasts of rich natural tour resources ranging from famous mountains and beautiful lakes, pleasant hot springs and virgin forests. Luoyang has a great diversity of landforms and physiognomy. 25 kilometers to the north of Luoyang ru

2、ns the Yellow River, the torrential “mother river” of Chinese people, on which the world famous Xiaolangdi Multipurpose Water Project is set up. The vast lake covering 270 square kilometers with hills rising here and there forms a splendid view of a sea of islands, just like the Qiandao Lake in sout

3、h China. 80 kilometers to the east stands the world famous Shaolin Temple among the flourishing trees on the grand Songshan Mountain. Besides the majestic temples, many Kung fu schools scatter here. Lots of scenic spots can be found 50 to 160 kilometers to the south and the east, including the Baiyu

4、n Mountain National Forest Park, Huaguo Mountain, Chongdu Valley Scenic Area, Longyu Wan National Forest Park, the Jiguan Cave the “No.1 dissolved cavern of the North China” as well as provincial forest parks and reservation parks like the Tianchi Mountain of Songxian County and the Qingyao Mountain

5、. Characterized by landscape features of both the north China and the south China, those charming scenic spots on this land are natural integration of grandness and elegance, majesty and beauty.The Heluo Area centered by Luoyang, a city among the earliest approved Historical Cities of Culture by the

6、 State Department, is a significant birthplace of Chinese civilization. Luoyang has become an international metropolis since the Han and Wei Dynasties. With foreign ambassadors bringing tributes from all over the world in an endless stream, Luoyang reached its peak of prosperity in the Sui and Tang

7、Dynasties with a population of one million. A number of human landscapes can display the glorious history of this ancient city, among which are the Longmen Grottoes, the Baima Temple, the Guanlin (the mausoleum of Guan Yu, a well-known general during the Period of Three Kingdoms), the Luoyang Museum

8、, the Han Emperor Guangwu Mausoleum, the House of Thousand Epitaphs of the Tang Dynasty, the Longmafutu Temple (the Map-carrying Dragon-Horse Temple), the Former Residence of Wang Duo (a famous poet, calligrapher and painter during the period ranging from the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginnin

9、g of the Qing Dynasty), etc. climateLying in the North Temperate Zone with a continental climate, Luoyang has distinct four seasons of a rainless spring, a pluvial summer, a mild autumn and a cold winter. The average annual temperature here is 14.86 and the average annual precipitation is 578.2mm. T

10、he best season for touring in Luoyang is definitely the autumn, when visitors may find great pleasure in climbing high in cool weathers and appreciating the blooming chrysanthemums. April, the month with splendid view of competing peonies, is another good choice.hotelDongshan (East Mountain) HotelBa

11、iyun Mountain HotelInternational Finance HotelPeony Grand HotelLuoyang Grand HotelPeony City HotelsceneryThe Longmen GrottoesThe Museum of Six-horse Royal CartLuoyang Museum of Folk-CustomThe Huaguoshan Natinoal Forest ParkThe Luoyang MuseumThe Chongdugou Landscape AreaTianchi Mountain National Fore

12、st ParkWhite Cloud Mountaincockscomb caveLongyuwan National Forest ParkThe Longmen GrottoesName:The Longmen GrottoesClass:AAAAAArea:LuoyangTel:0086-371-65907709Longmen Grottoes, one of the four Grottoes of China, is located in a beautiful place of green mountains and clear water, 13 kilometers away

13、to the south of Luoyang. The grottoes were started around the year 493 when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) moved the capital to Luoyang and were continuously built during the 400 years until the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). The scenery measures 1,000 metres (about 1,094 y

14、ards) from north to south where there are over 2,300 holes and niches, 2,800 steles, 1,300 caves and 100,000 statues. Most of them are the works of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the flourishing age of the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Thousands of niches and statues on Yique Mountain were mostly carved in

15、the Northern Wei Dynasty and the booming period of the Tang Dynasty, the two climaxes in the continuous building of 500 years.Among the numerous caves chiseled in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Guyang Cave, the Middle Binyang Cave, the Lianhua Cave and the Shikusi Cave are the representatives. Statue

16、s of the royal family members, aristocrats and ministers of the Northern Wei Dynasty during the capital-moving period were kept in the Guyang Cave reflected the typical historical worship of Buddhism of the whole nation in the Northern Wei Dynasty. These marvelous stone carvings of fancy appearances

17、 show the typical style of the earliest grotto art of Gandhara Buddhism sculptures in Luoyang. Among the key grottoes built in the Tang Dynasty here, the grand cluster statues of Vairocana Buddha are the most impressive of all. Centered by the statue of the Buddha Vairocana which carries an air of g

18、race, divinity and magnanimity, the open grotto shrine built according to the description of the Hua-yen Sutr expressed artistically and thoroughly an ideal Buddhism world of peace and lenity with a cluster of images of vivid appearances and infectious expressions. The Buddha Vairocana Comments of W

19、orld Cultural Heritage Committee：The Grottoes and Buddha niches in the Longmen area indicate the most outstanding ancient Chinese sculpture arts of the largest scale during the period ranging from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty (493 907 A.D.). These art works of Buddhism describin

20、g religious subjects with details and accuracy represent the peak of Chinese artistic stone carving. Wei Dynasty Grottoes The Guyang Cave was first built in 495 A.D. by Qiu Huicheng, a royal member of the Wei Dynasty, and the three caves of the Binyang Grotto built since 500 to 523 A.D. by two Wei E

21、mperors cost more than 800,000 people in labor. Other grottoes built in this dynasty include the Yaofang Grotto (Prescriptions Grotto) and the Lianhua Grotto built in the Eastern Wei Dynasty. Stone Buddha statues in the Guyang Grotto whose construction lasted for more than 50 years and others repres

22、ented by the major Buddha statue in the Middle Binyang Grotto built in this historical period on the Longmen Mountain are all amiable and agreeable in expressions with smiles, quite different from those august ones in the Yungang Grottoes (another famous grottoes in Shanxi province), showing more ar

23、tistic Buddha statues of typical Chinese style. Tang Dynasty Grottoes Most of the grottoes here, 60%, to be exact, were built in the Tang Dynasty, a flourishing age for grottoes, especially in the age of Queen Wu Zetian. The Fengxian Temple Grotto completed in four years, sponsored by the Queen hers

24、elf with a donation of 20,000 guan (guan, a string of 1000 coins in ancient China), is a representative as well as the largest among all grottoes in Longmen. With 2 Bodhisattvas of 13.25 meters tall and several attendants of 10.5 meters tall standing aside, the major statue (the Buddha Vairocana) si

25、tting in the center is 17.14 meters tall, overwhelming in size, with majesty and artistic value.Among the 20 Longmen Statue Epigraphs, invaluable treasures holding the essence of the calligraphy of the Weibei (Steles of the Wei Dynasty) Style, 19 of them are cherished in the Guyang Grotto. Those gra

26、ceful Chinese characters carrying a vigorous air represent the transitional calligraphy from the Li Style (official script, an ancient style of calligraphy) to the Kai Style (the standard script). Being a masterpiece of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386 512 A.D.), the Middle Binyang Grotto took 24 years

27、 to complete, the most time-consuming of all. Among the 11 large Buddha statues, the statue of Sakyamuni, the major one in the grotto, is a masterpiece of stone carving in the middle Northern Wei Dynasty, with his natural expressions and comely face. In front of the major statue stand two strong lio

28、ns, guarding. Two disciples and two Bodhisattvas are standing aside, the latter with gentle and sincere smiles on the face. The embossment of Bodhisattvas and disciples absorbed in the Buddhism lecture are very vivid, just like the lifelike carvings of apsarases (flying female Buddha of lower status

29、) on the roof.Fengxian Temple Grotto, the largest one among all grottoes here, is more than 30 meters both in length and width. What makes the Fengxian Temple Grotto prominent is the tremendous statue of the Buddha Vairocana sitting in the middle which is really an incomparably superior masterpiece

30、of great beauty. It is 17.14 meters (about 56.23 feet) in total height with the head four meters (about 13 feet) tall and the ears 1.9 meters (about 6.2 feet) in length. Vairocana means illuminating all things in the sutra. With slightly plump cheeks, comely eyes, delicately upturned lips of a smile

31、 and a looking down face leaning downward a little, the statue impresses people as a mature woman of profound wisdom and mercy instead of an august Buddha, winning the respect of people instead of fear. It is said that her great artistic fascination came from a perfect combination of great virtues,

32、rich sentiments, the generous mind and elegant appearances in the carving.The sculpture complex of the Fengxian Temple Grotto is a perfect artistic integration. Disciples, Bodhisattvas standing beside the great statue of Buddha Vairocana are either kind or devout while the warriors and heaven lords

33、are either ferocious or aggressive, serving as perfect foils to the grace of the major statue.Guyang Grotto, the earliest and the most substantial one, is another representative grotto built in the North Wei Dynasty. The epigraphs of the large amount of statue niches in the Guyang Grotto recording t

34、he date, the reason of building the statue and the name of the builder are very valuable for the study on calligraphy and sculpture of the Northern Wei Dynasty.Most of the 20 Longmen Statue Epigraphs, the prominent landmark in the history of Chinese calligraphy, can be found here. Representing the c

35、alligraphy of the Weibei (Steles of the Wei Dynasty) Style, these graceful Chinese characters carrying a vigorous air hold the essence of the inscription calligraphy of the Longmen Grottoes, highly praised by people of all generations. The Yaofang Grotto (Prescriptions Grotto) with 140 inscriptions of medical prescriptions reflected the ancient glory of Chinese medicine. Carving medical prescriptions into stones is an important way to hand down medical achievements to later g