天津工業(yè)大學(xué)07應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)考研真題

1、注意事項(xiàng)：1本試卷共5道大題（共計(jì)74小題），滿分150分；2本卷屬試題卷，答案一律寫(xiě)在答題紙上，寫(xiě)在該試題卷上或草稿紙上均無(wú)效。要注意試卷清潔，不要在試卷上涂劃；3必須用藍(lán)、黑色鋼筆或圓珠筆答題，其它筆答題均無(wú)效。I. Define the following terms (10 points)1 morpheme (2 points)2 minimal pairs (3 points)3 design features (3 points)4 competence (2 points) = 2 * ROMAN II. Multiple choice (20 points. 1 point

2、for each item)Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. the Anglo-Saxons B. the Normans C. the Vikings D. the Romans2. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?A. James I B. James II C. Charles I D. Charles II3. Which of the following is NOT a characterist

3、ic of the Open University in Britain? A. Its open to everybody. B. It requires no formal educational qualifications. C. No university degree is awarded. D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.4. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James II B. William

4、 of Orange C. Oliver Cromwell D. George I5. The general election in Britain is held every _ years.A. four B. five C. six D. three6. It is _ who served as Prime Minister after Mrs. Margaret Thatcher.A. Tony Blair B. John Major C. Harold Wilson D. James Callaghan7. Which of the following description a

5、bout the Conservative Party is NOT true ?A. It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B. It prefers policies that protect individuals rights.C. It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D. It is known as a party of high taxation levels.8. In the examination called “the 11 p

6、lus”, students with academic potential go to _. A. grammar schools B. comprehensive schools C. public schools D. technical schools9. In Britain, the term from early September to mid-December is known as _.A. Christmas Term B. Easter Term C. Summer Term D. Spring Term10. China and Britain established

7、 the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of _. A. 1970 B. 1954 C. 1972 D. 199711. Which of the following is in New York City? A. The United States Capitol. B. The White House. C. The Pentagon Building. D. The United Nations Headquarters12. With regard to its size, the U.S.A. i

8、s the _ country in the world. A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest 13. The victory at _ was a turning point of the American War of Independence . A. Saratoga B. Gettysburg C. Trenton D. Yorktown14. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison were added to the American Const

9、itution in 1791. They are known as _. A. Articles of Confederation B. Bill of Rights C. Civil Rights Papers D. Federalists Papers15. The aim of President Roosevelts New Deal was to “save American _”. A. economy B. politics C. society D. democracy16. Of the founding fathers, _ contributed most to Ame

10、rican educational philosophy and practice. A. George Washington B. Alexander Hamilton C. Thomas Jefferson D. James Madison17. Graduate work leading to a masters degree usually requires _ years study beyond the bachelors degree in the United States. A. two B. one C. three D. four18. Which of the foll

11、owing was NOT the characteristic of the “roaring 20s”? A. Workers strikes. B. Industrial boom. C. Organized gangsterism. D. Smuggling of liquor.19. The American Industrial Revolution began in 1807 with its _ industry. A. shipbuilding B. coal mining C. textile D. machine-making 20. The earliest Briti

12、sh settlement on North America was _. A. Plymouth B. Jamestown C. Quebec D. St. LouisIII. Fill in the blanks（20 points）(A) Find out the antonyms for the following words by adding a negative prefix to each of them. (10 points. 0.5 point for each item) 1arm: （ ） 11. reverent: （ ）2. honor:（ ） 12. trust

13、: （ ）3. join: （ ） 13. fit: （ ） 4. legible: （ ） 14. understand: （ ）5. legitimate: （ ） 15. adjacent: （ ） 6. mature: （ ） 16. existence: （ ）7. moderate: （ ） 17. alliance: （ ） 8fertile: （ ） 18. conscious: （ ）9. sanitary: （ ） 19. intelligence: （ ） 10. resolute: （ ） 20. symmetrical: （ ）(B) Point out the co

14、rresponding figurative senses of the following words according to the nature of the animals. (10 points. 1 point for each item)1 ape ( ) a. sagacity2 bear ( ) b. ill-temper, uncouthness3 bull ( ) c. timidity4 camel ( ) d. cunning, artifice5 cock ( ) e. uncleanness, malice6 crow ( ) f. longevity7 dov

15、e ( ) g. vigilance, overbearing8 elephant ( ) h. innocence, harmfulness9 fox ( ) i. strength, straightforwardness10 hare ( ) j. submissionIV. Answer the following questions (20 points. 5 points for each item)1.In what ways can linguistics contribute to the research in language teaching?2. What are t

16、he main features of Chomskys TG grammar?3. Why is Saussure known as the father of modern linguistics?4. What is the general understanding of the role of grammar in language learning? = 5 * ROMAN V. Read the following passages and answer the questions. Passage OneTo fully understand the meaning of a

17、sentence, we must also understand the context in which it was uttered. Take the word ball for example: He kicked the ball into the net.She dribbled the ball down the court and shot a basket.He putted the ball in from two feet away.From the examples given above we know that the word ball is understoo

18、d in different ways depending on what type of action is associated with it. What kind of ball could you visualize in each statement? (6 points. 2points for each item)Whats the function of the context? (4 points)Passage TwoWe have assumed that speakers and listeners involved in conversation are gener

19、ally cooperating with each other. For example, for reference to be successful, it was proposed that collaboration was a necessary factor. This sense of cooperation is simply one in which people having a conversation are not normally assumed to be trying to confuse, trick, or withhold relevant inform

20、ation form each other. In most circumstances, this kind of cooperation is only the starting point for making sense of what is said. Look at the following dialogues. Write a pragmatic paraphrase in each case. (15 points. 3 points for each item)Example: Maggie: Have you fulfilled your dream? Jack: Eve

21、rybody has a dream. The possible paraphrase: No, I havent fulfilled my dream yet.Mary: Do you like my newly-bought dress?John: Its pink.Linda: Would you like some coffee?Tom: It would keep me awake all night.Jane: Have you finished the reading lists and the term paper?Mike: Ive done the term paper.C

22、arol: Are you going to Terrys birthday party?Dick: Well, Terry has got two dogs now.Anna: Was the dessert delicious?Paul: Apple pie is Apple pie.Passage ThreeThere was an appeal to the idea that speakers assume certain information is already known by their listeners. Because it is treated as known,

23、such information will generally not be stated and consequently will count as part of what is communicated but not said. The technical terms presupposition and entailment are used to describe two different aspects of this kind of information.A presupposition is something the speaker assumes to be the

24、 case prior to making an utterance. Speakers, not sentences, have presuppositions. An entailment is something that logically follows from what is asserted in the utterance. Sentences, not speakers, have entailments. For each of the following utterances decide what the speakers presuppose? (15 points

25、. 3 points for each item)Example: We regret telling him. Presupposition: We told him.He didnt realize she was ill.Did you tell him the bad news?Stop being lazy.Where did you buy the computer?It isnt strange that he left early. = 6 * ROMAN VI. Translation:1. Translate the following into English (20 p

26、oints)語(yǔ)用學(xué)是研究說(shuō)話人傳達(dá)的意圖和聽(tīng)話人理解的含義的一門學(xué)問(wèn)。因此，語(yǔ)用學(xué)更多的是針對(duì)人們所表達(dá)的話語(yǔ)的意圖進(jìn)行分析，而不是對(duì)那些話語(yǔ)中所使用的詞匯或短語(yǔ)本身可能是什么意思進(jìn)行分析。語(yǔ)用學(xué)是研究說(shuō)話人的意圖。這種研究必然包含如何理解人們?cè)谔囟ǖ恼Z(yǔ)境中所表達(dá)的意圖以及語(yǔ)境是怎樣影響人們?cè)捳Z(yǔ)的。研究需要考慮說(shuō)話人根據(jù)他們?cè)诤翁?、何時(shí)、何種情況下對(duì)何人講話，來(lái)組織他們想要說(shuō)的話。語(yǔ)用學(xué)是研究語(yǔ)境的含義。這種方法還必然要探究聽(tīng)話人如何才能推斷出所言之詞的含義，以達(dá)到理解說(shuō)話人想要表達(dá)的意圖。這種研究要探究很多未被言及的信息是怎樣被視為所傳達(dá)的信息中的一部分,我們可以說(shuō)這是一種對(duì)看不到的意圖的研

27、究。語(yǔ)用學(xué)是研究如何獲取更多被傳達(dá)的而不是被言及的信息。那么這種透視法就提出了這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題什么可確定被言及的和未被言及的信息之間的選擇,其基本答案與距離觀念相關(guān)。不管是從物理上，社會(huì)上,還是觀念上來(lái)說(shuō)，近距離都含有共同的經(jīng)歷之意。無(wú)論假定聽(tīng)話人遠(yuǎn)近程度如何，說(shuō)話人都可確定需要說(shuō)多少。語(yǔ)用學(xué)是研究怎樣表達(dá)相關(guān)距離。這些就是語(yǔ)用學(xué)所涉及的四個(gè)方面。2. Translate the following into Chinese (20 points)Pragmatics is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and th

28、e users of those forms. The advantage of studying language via pragmatics is that one can talk about peoples intended meanings, their assumptions, their purposes or goals, and the kinds of actions that they are performing when they speak. The big disadvantage is that all these very human concepts are extremely difficult to analyze in a consistent and objective way. Thus, pragmatics is appealing because its about how people make sense of