英語專業(yè)四級(jí)語法專項(xiàng)終極版(專題分類總結(jié)).ppt課件

1、TEM-4專題講座 語法專項(xiàng)一、英語專業(yè)四級(jí)語法考試概況介紹教學(xué)大綱對英語專業(yè)語法的總體描述是： 能識(shí)別詞類；區(qū)分名詞的可數(shù)性和不可數(shù)性，可數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式；基本掌握各種代詞的形式與用法、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞、常用介詞和連詞、形容詞和副詞的句法功能、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成及基本句型、冠詞的一般用法；了解動(dòng)詞的主要種類、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及不定式和分詞的基本用法、句子種類、基本句型和基本構(gòu)詞法。掌握主謂一致關(guān)系、表語從句、賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句等句型、直接引語和間接引語的用法、動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞的用法、各種時(shí)態(tài)、主動(dòng)語態(tài)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)和構(gòu)詞法。其中對四級(jí)的要求是：除掌握上述內(nèi)容外，還應(yīng)該熟練掌握主語從句、同

2、位語從句、倒裝句和各種條件句。綜觀這近幾年考題，可發(fā)現(xiàn)：1語法考題的涉及面寬，近年考題曾經(jīng)考到：幾乎所有詞類；三種動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式；各種從句及關(guān)系詞的用法；動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、虛擬語氣、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法；獨(dú)立主格，主謂一致，倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)、并列結(jié)構(gòu)等基本語法知識(shí)。2語法考試的重點(diǎn)突出，語法考試的重點(diǎn)為內(nèi)容龐雜較難掌握的項(xiàng)目，這些項(xiàng)目還反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，如：虛擬語氣，狀語從句，定語從句，獨(dú)立主格，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。3具體考查重點(diǎn)為以上項(xiàng)目中的特殊用法，不常用的情況一、英語專業(yè)四級(jí)語法考試概況介紹考點(diǎn)具體表現(xiàn)為：1）虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)為：would ratherthat從句一般過去時(shí)：It is vital necessary im

3、portant urgent imperative desirable advisable natural essentialthat動(dòng)詞原形；It is timeabout timehigh timethat一般過去時(shí)：proposalsuggestionthat動(dòng)詞原形；lestthatshould動(dòng)詞原形；if onlythatwould動(dòng)詞原形。一、英語專業(yè)四級(jí)語法考試概況介紹2）狀語從句的考點(diǎn)為：非if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，此類句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等來替代if；由even ifso，now that，forall等引

4、導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；justhardly.when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；more than，as.as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。一、英語專業(yè)四級(jí)語法考試概況介紹3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)多以邏輯主語分詞的形式出現(xiàn)。4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞多與完成時(shí)形式連用。5）定語從句重點(diǎn)考查介詞關(guān)系代詞（which）和as作為關(guān)系代詞。一、英語專業(yè)四級(jí)語法考試概況介紹二、語法專項(xiàng)虛擬語氣比較級(jí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和倒裝 主謂一致非謂語動(dòng)詞從句其它虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣的規(guī)則用法：三種基本形式從句主句與過去事實(shí)相反Had +過去分詞Should (第一人稱)/ would(其它

5、人稱) +have +過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)（be用were）Would/should/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反過去時(shí)或were to /should + 動(dòng)詞原形Would/should/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：1、 would rather + that，這時(shí)句子謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。I would rather you told her the truth.Id rather you came tomorrow.2、 if only 如果，要是.就好了，if only + that，這時(shí)句子一定要用虛擬語氣

6、。有兩種形式可以體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：a. 如果該句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或would do。b. 如果該句子表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。 二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. A follow B had followed C would follow D have followedIf only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possibl

7、eA approve B will approve C can approve D would approveBD二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：Note: only if表示“只有”；if only則表示“如果就好了”。If only也可用于陳述語氣。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了，就好了。 If only he comes early.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來。二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：3、當(dāng)以下動(dòng)詞后加句子時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是：（

8、should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。a. 表示建議、提議的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move.move只有在表達(dá)在會(huì)議上提出提議時(shí)后面加虛擬語氣b. 表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.c. 表示指揮、命令的：order, command, direct.d. 表示堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為的：insist.二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：I insist that we_ (go) there by bus.He suggested that we _ (leave) early.The judge ordered t

9、hat the prisoner_ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：4、it is + 第3點(diǎn)中動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的從句。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。以下幾個(gè)形容詞置于該結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)也要用相同的形式來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：important, necessary, essential, obligatory（有義務(wù)的，強(qiáng)制性的，必須的）,anxious, crucial, improper, impossible, natural, urgent, vital, willing。二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)

10、用：It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night. 虛擬語氣A were not played B not to play C not be played D did not play二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：C5、 第三點(diǎn)中動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞形式 + that引導(dǎo)從句，該從句同樣要用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。經(jīng)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有：suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion.My

11、 suggestion is that we should tell him.Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：6、以下一些表達(dá)方式所在的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。or (表示否則), otherwise, unless, but for(若不是，若非), 當(dāng)遇到含有以上四個(gè)表達(dá)方式的句子時(shí)，先要判斷該句是表示與現(xiàn)在、過去、還是將來事實(shí)相反，然后依照相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣規(guī)則用法的形式來確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)。含有下面三個(gè)表達(dá)方式的句子體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣的形式是固定的：lest(以免，防備), f

12、or fear that(惟恐), on condition that(在.條件下)，它們后面句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：The storm delayed us. But for the storm we would have been in time.I used my calculator; otherwise Id have taken much longer.Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you say?Without your timely help, my daughte

13、r would have drowned.二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：7、it is (high) time 是.的時(shí)候了。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩種變形形式，所用虛擬語氣形式都一樣：it is high time / it is about time.這三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動(dòng)詞都用一般過去時(shí)或用should加動(dòng)詞原形來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣,但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：8、注意以下兩種情況下should

14、+ 動(dòng)詞原形中should不能省略。這里should表示一種語氣，經(jīng)常被翻譯成“竟然”。a. 四個(gè)動(dòng)詞：think, believe, expect, suspect.它們的否定或者疑問形式后面加句子，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略。I dont believe that he should be cheated. 我不相信他也會(huì)被騙。b. it is a pity, it is a shame 真遺憾，it is strange 真怪以上三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動(dòng)詞用：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略。二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：9. I wis

15、h + that 用于wish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動(dòng)詞形式為：真實(shí)狀況wish后從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)（be的過去式為 were）從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)（had + 過去分詞）將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來時(shí)would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講那樣的話。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 二

16、、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語氣即指主句和從句在表達(dá)是與什么時(shí)態(tài)的事實(shí)相反上并不一致（比如主句要表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反而從句要表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)相反），這種情況要采用“對號(hào)入座”的方法來處理，即主從句結(jié)構(gòu)分別采用與其表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)對應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。） If it had rained last night (過去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在).三、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語氣：1. If I hadnt sto

17、od under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A wouldnt be smiling B couldnt have smiled C wont smile D didnt smile2. If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, _.A you wont find any difficulty now B you would not have found any difficulty nowC you would not find any difficulty

18、now D you have not found any difficulty now3. He would be studying at the university now if he _ the entrance examination.A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed三、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語氣：ACC4. It is a shame that he _ that poor little girl!A deceived B should deceive C deceive D deceiving5. Mrs. b

19、liss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _ her sons sleep. A would interfere with B had interfered with C interfered with D should interfere withlest(以免，防備) 后面句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形三、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語氣：BD虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。 Were

20、they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 四、虛擬條件句的倒裝：注意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用“wer

21、e”，不用was， 即在從句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。 典型例題 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day.If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個(gè)詞，通常將if省略，主語提前, 變成 were, should, h

22、ad +主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do., 而不能說 Werent I to do.四、虛擬條件句的倒裝：C比較級(jí)在四級(jí)測試中，比較級(jí)屬低檔題，比較簡單，考查范圍大體有：1）比較級(jí)形式的判斷：比較級(jí)考題在設(shè)計(jì)干擾項(xiàng)時(shí)一般都會(huì)有比較與非比較的選擇，more than 與as/so as的選擇。The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent.(1

23、999.1) A. than B. more than C. as D. so much asThere are few electronic applications _ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely一、比較級(jí)的測試特點(diǎn)：DB2）比較級(jí)的修飾語：包括修飾語的結(jié)構(gòu)和修飾語的選用。結(jié)構(gòu)指比較級(jí)修飾語須置于比較級(jí)之前。Radio, television and press _ of

24、conveying news and information. A. are the most three common means B. are the most common three meansC. are the three most common means D. are three the most common meansIf tap water were as dangerous as some people think, _ would be getting sick.A. a lot of more us B. more a lot of us C. a lot of u

25、s more D. a lot more of usAmericans eat _ as they actually need every day.A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much twiceC. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much一、比較級(jí)的測試特點(diǎn)：CDA比較級(jí)前加not，表示前者不如后者，與not asas相當(dāng)；比較級(jí)前加no是對兩者的否定，意為“和一樣不”，與neithernor或“as+相反意義的形容詞或副詞+as”相當(dāng)。如：He is not taller t

26、han me. 他不如我高。He is no taller than me. 他同我一樣不高。(即一樣矮)His English is not better than mine. 他的英語不如我的英語好。His English is no better than mine. 他的英語同我的英語一樣不好。(即一樣差)not +比較級(jí)+ than / no +比較級(jí)+ than兩者均可表示數(shù)量，前者表示“僅僅”、“只不過”，強(qiáng)調(diào)少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。如：This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 這個(gè)測驗(yàn)只需30分鐘。For thirty

27、 years, he had done no more than he had needed to. 30年來，他只干了他需要干的工作。He has not more than three children. 他最多 3 個(gè)孩子(有或許還不到 3 個(gè)之意)。no more than與not more than 兩者均可用于比較，前者表示對兩者都否定，意為“同一樣不”(=neither . nor)；而后者則指兩者雖都具有某種特征，但程度不同，意為“不如”、“不及”(= not so . as)。如：He is no more a writer than a painter. 他不是畫家，也不是

28、作家。(= He is neither a painter nor a writer.)This book is not more difficult than that one. 這本書不比那本書更難。(This book is not so difficult as that one.)no morethan與not morethan no less than 與not less than 表示均可表示數(shù)量，前者意為“多達(dá)”、“有之多”，強(qiáng)調(diào)多；后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。如：He paid no less than $10,000 for it. 他為此付了10000多美元。He pa

29、id not less than $10,000 for it. 他為此付的錢不下10000美元。有時(shí)兩者都可譯為“至少”，但no less than語氣比not less than要夸張，表示所涉及的數(shù)量比預(yù)料的要多，其用法可比較其反義結(jié)構(gòu)no more than（只不過，只有），用于強(qiáng)調(diào)少。no more than 與 no lessthan 前者意為“與一樣不”，否定兩者；而后者則表示“和一樣”，肯定兩者。如：Shes no more a great singer than I am. 他不是優(yōu)秀歌手，我也不是。 Your brother is no less wise than you

30、. 你的兄弟跟你一樣聰明。not any more thanFat cannot change into muscle _ muscle changes into fat. A.any more than B.no more than C.no less than D.much more than “兩者都不 ” ; “不 也不 ” He is not a poet any more than I am a novelist. 他不是詩人正如我不是小說家一樣。other than/rather thanother than 意思是：不同于，除之外；rather than意思是：而不是。 In

31、no country _Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A) other than B) more than C) better than D) rather than 除了在英國，一個(gè)人不可能在其它國家在一天內(nèi)經(jīng)歷四季。A與 as 有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu) (1)She did her work _ her manager had instructed. A. as B.until C.when D.though As 作連詞與 as 有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu) (2)Fool

32、 _ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. A.who B.as C.that D.like As 引出讓步狀語時(shí),要求句子部分倒裝。It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. (99/45) A.but B.nor C.as D.like與 as 有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu) (3)not so much A as B: 與其說是A，倒不如說是B；不是 而是 Such people as you

33、describe are rare nowadays. Lets discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us. He opposed the idea, as could be expected. As is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. as 引起定語從句與 as 有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu) (4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的測試要點(diǎn)1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞的完成形式的用法。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測性用法。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)對策略1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞自身結(jié)

34、構(gòu)要正確 結(jié)構(gòu)包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞自身的搭配和其后的連帶成分。除ought外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接原形動(dòng)詞.2）注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測性用法中各個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用的句型是否與題干句型一致。 must只用于肯定句中, 其否定形式為can/could not。 may/might不能用于疑問句中。另外還應(yīng)注意cant表示不可能，may not表示可能不。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)對策略3）考試時(shí)，如果有原因說明自己的猜測，一般應(yīng)該must, cant用而不是may, may not。He cant have stolen the money; he is not such kind of person. Some pleasant

35、 thing must have happened to him. He is so excited. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)對策略其它“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞的完成形式”并不表示推測，而分別表示：could have done本來能夠 He didnt take part in the competition, he _ though. A. won B. didnt win C. could win D. could have won neednt have done 本來沒不要 You _. There was plenty of time. A. neednt hurry B. cant hurry

36、C. mustnt have hurried D. neednt have hurried情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)對策略其它“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞的完成形式”并不表示推測，而分別表示：should/ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該 You _ me earlier. I could have helped you. A. should tell me B. should have told C. need to tell D. neednt have told shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 本來不應(yīng)該 You _ him so closely; you sh

37、ould have kept your distance. A. shouldnt follow B. mustnt follow C. couldnt have been following D. shouldnt have been following 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)對策略其它“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞的完成形式”并不表示推測，而分別表示：might have done 本來應(yīng)該（用來表示一種責(zé)備） You _ even though you were busy at that time. A. might help him B. must have helped him C. might

38、have helped him D. should help him這類題在設(shè)計(jì)干擾項(xiàng)時(shí)，一般都會(huì)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測性用法的涉及，應(yīng)注意分詞上下文的邏輯和語意關(guān)系。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝倒裝測試范圍和應(yīng)對策略倒裝分部分倒裝和全部倒裝，但從近幾年的測試來看，重點(diǎn)是部分倒裝。注意下面常見的倒裝條件。1） 含有否定意味的詞置于句首，主謂倒裝。 如：hardly, barely, not, seldom, little, few, nowhere, never, at no time, by no means, in no way, in no case, under no circumstances, not u

39、ntil, not only but also., neither nor等。如果是在從句的句首，則從句倒裝。 We have been told that under no circumstances _ the telephone in the office for personal affairs. A. may we use B. we may use C. we could use D. did we useA倒裝2） Only + 狀語置于句首，主謂倒裝。 Only后的狀語可以是單詞、短語，也可以是從句，要特別注意，從句并不倒裝，而是主句倒裝。如： Only when the wa

40、r was over was he able to get happily back to work. 3）Neither/So置于句首倒裝，表示“也/也不”Not until the game had begun _at the sports ground. A. had he arrived B. would he have arrived C. did he arrive C. should he have arrivedThe organization had broken no rules, but _ had it acted responsibly. A. neither B.

41、so C. either D. both CA4）There/here/then或做狀語的地點(diǎn)副詞和地點(diǎn)介詞短語置于句首，要全部倒裝。如There stands a monument in the center of the square. Down came a light form the ceiling when he was walking across the floor. 5）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞可提至句首構(gòu)成“分詞+ be + 主語+其它+的倒裝句式。如： Enclosed in the letter was a photo of a beautiful girl. Gloomin

42、g in the test tube on the table was the mysterious something which they had been working so hard to find, radium. 倒裝6） so/such. that句型中，so + 形容詞/副詞提前，主謂倒裝。So boring was the speech that the audience all left halfway. Such a noise did they make that the neighbors could not go to sleep at night. 倒裝主謂一致

43、主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納1、不定式短語、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或名詞性從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Remember /To remember English words is not easy. 記英語單詞不容易。Who will do the job hasnt been decided yet. 誰來做這項(xiàng)工作還沒決定。注：what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，如果其表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What he took with him were two books. 他帶去的是兩本書。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納2、“名詞或代詞+由with, together with, along with, as

44、 well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than等引起的短語”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。如：Mr Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema. 李先生和他的兩個(gè)兒子看電影去了。No one except the two boys was late for class. 除了兩個(gè)男孩外，沒有一個(gè)人遲到。Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has l

45、et out the secret. 是李明透露了那個(gè)消息而不是他的同學(xué)透露的。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納3、“more than one/many a + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：More than one person has known it. 不止一個(gè)人知道這件事。Many a worker was killed in the accident. 在這個(gè)事故中死了許多工人。注：“More+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 than one”作主語，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：More persons than one have known it. 不止一個(gè)人知道這件事。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納4、“一兩個(gè)”，

46、用“one or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表達(dá)時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；用“a(an) +名詞單數(shù)or two”表達(dá)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：One or two days are enough for them. =A day or two is enough for them. 給他們一兩天時(shí)間足夠了。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納5、and連接兩個(gè)名詞一起作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Lily and Kite are kind to me. 莉莉和凱特都對我很好。但是，當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一個(gè)完整的東西時(shí)(其特征是and后的名詞前無任何冠詞) ，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The te

47、acher and writer has come. 那個(gè)教師兼作家已經(jīng)來了。注：當(dāng)and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前分別有no，each, every, many a, more than one 等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film. 許多教師和學(xué)生都看過這部電影。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納6、不定代詞one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anythi

48、ng, something, everything, nothing, each, either 以及被each, every修飾的名詞做主語，盡管有些表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義，但是，它們的謂語應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。如：Is everybody here today? 大家都到齊了嗎？Neither (book) is good. 兩本書都不好。None knows the weight of anothers burden. 見人挑擔(dān)不吃力。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納7、neither, none做主語時(shí)，口語中或非正式文字中，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，正式的書面語中用單數(shù)。如：None of them has/have

49、been to the Great Wall. 他們中沒有一個(gè)人去過長城。不過，none作主語，其表語是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)；表語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納8、在定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞 who, which或 that做主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。如：The teacher who teaches us English is from England. 教我們英語的教師是英國人。Are these the books that were bought yesterday? 這些就是昨天買的書嗎？I, who am a new teacher, will teach

50、you English. 我，一個(gè)新教師，將教你們英語。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納9、“one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”后面的定語從句， 謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)；而“the (only) one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”后面的定語從句的謂語應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。如：He is one of the students that have passed the exam 他是通過了考試的學(xué)生之一。He is the (only) one of the students that has passed the exam. 他就是通過考試的那個(gè)學(xué)生。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納10、某些集體名詞，如family, audience, cla

51、ss, club, company, crew, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)單數(shù)形式。如：My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都愛看電影。The family is rather big, with twelve people in all. 這個(gè)家庭很大，總共有12個(gè)人。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納11、當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、距離、金額等度量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，把它看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單

52、數(shù)。如：Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee. 你喝杯咖啡15分鐘當(dāng)然足夠了。但若與pass, go by, spend, waste等連用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六個(gè)月過去了，我們依然沒有他們的消息主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納12、由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體的物品名詞做主語，如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses, trousers, shorts等，

53、謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： His trousers are new. 他的褲子是新的。但帶有pair這樣的量詞時(shí)，謂語要與量詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：That pair of trousers was sold out. 那條褲子賣出去了。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納13、“分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)）+ of + 名詞”以及 “all (most, some, any, half, a lot, part, the rest) + of + 名詞”做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后的名詞的數(shù)一致。如：Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地表四分之三都是水。T

54、wenty percent of the oranges are bad. 這桔子百分之二十都?jí)牧恕ll of my classmates like music. 我們所有的同學(xué)都喜歡音樂。All of the water is gone. 那些水全都沒有了。The rest of the students have gone home. 其余的學(xué)生都回家了。The rest of the money was stolen. 其作的錢被人偷了。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納14、“a (the, this, that) kind /sort / type of + 名詞”做主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式；但“th

55、ese (those, all, many, some) kinds of + 名詞”做主語，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：This kind of book is useful for us. 這種書對我們很用。Many kinds of shoes are on sale in that shop. 那個(gè)店里有許多種鞋出售。注：“名詞+ of a (the, this, that, these, those, all, some, many等) + kind(s) ”做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與前面名詞的數(shù)一致。如：Book of this kind is useful for us. 這種書對我們有用

56、。Apples of these kinds are sour. 這種蘋果是酸的。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納15、在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：On the wall hang two large portraits. 墻上掛著兩幅大肖像。 Between the two rows of trees stands the teaching building. 要兩排樹之間是教學(xué)樓。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納16、“a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“許多”，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“的數(shù)目”，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The

57、number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 被邀請的人是五十個(gè)，但由許多人由于不同原因缺席了。主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納17、“a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of /a large amount of +名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)一致；如：A large amount of damage was done in a very short time. 在短時(shí)間內(nèi)造成了很大的損害。A great

58、 amount of our investments are in property. 我們大量的錢都投資到房地產(chǎn)中。但“(large /huge) quantities /amounts of名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 那座橋耗費(fèi)了大量金錢。 主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納18、“a +單數(shù)名詞+and a half”和“one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：One and a half pears has been left on the table. 盤子里

59、剩下一個(gè)半梨子。非謂語動(dòng)詞主語表語賓語定語補(bǔ)語狀語to dogerund Present participlePast participle近幾年的語法測試中非謂語動(dòng)詞約占31.1%，可謂是語法項(xiàng)目考查的重點(diǎn)，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查都有哪些特點(diǎn)，解答時(shí)又應(yīng)注意些什么呢？非謂語動(dòng)詞做主語1）不定式和動(dòng)名詞可以在句中充當(dāng)主語，但分詞卻不可以。不定式一般表示具體或一次性動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞則表示一般或抽象的多次動(dòng)作。_isnotaseriousdisadvantageinlife.(2001,51)A.TobenottallB.NottobetallC.BeingnottallD.Notbeingtall【

60、詳解】非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中作了主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式，要直接在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加not，因此可以直接排除A和C。動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作句子主語，但動(dòng)名詞表示一貫性動(dòng)作，不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。個(gè)子不高是一貫的事實(shí)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞非謂語動(dòng)詞做主語(2)不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用it來代替作形式主語，但在含有no，-less等否定詞的句子里，常用動(dòng)名詞作主語。如：Itisuselesstalkingwithher.Itisnogooddiscussingwithher.In the sentence “Its no use waiting for her”, the italicized phrase is