高考英語易錯點點睛與高考突破專題09名詞性從句

1、 【2012 高考預測】名詞性從句中連接詞的正確選用that 引導的賓語從句， wh- 引導的賓語從句以及某些特殊詞后所跟的賓語從句that 和 wh- 引導的主語從句及形式主語的幾種主要句型獲 that 、 wh-疑問詞引導的表語從句及從屬連詞引導的表語從句、同位語從句名詞性從句中，從句部分的語序要用陳述語序，不能用凝問語序that 引導同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別Whether 和 if 在名詞性從句中的用法區(qū)別【難點突破】一、各類名詞性從句的區(qū)別1 who/whoever, what/whatever 等的用法區(qū)別：一般說來，在名詞性從句中 what/who 雖然不表示疑問的語氣， 但是所

2、陳述的內(nèi)容卻是未知的， 含特指意義， 而 whatever/whoever 等含泛指意義，意為“無論什么，無論誰”，并且表達的語氣很強烈。2whether/if 的用法區(qū)別： whether 和 if 在賓語從句中可以互換， 但是作某些介詞的 賓語時連接詞一般用 whether ； whether 可與 or not/or 連用，用來引導主語從句、表語從 句、同位語從句等，也可與動詞不定式連用； if 不能與動詞不定式連用。3“疑問詞 -ever ”和“ no matter 疑問詞”的區(qū)別；“疑問詞 -ever ”可引導名 詞性從句，在從句中充當一定的成分；還可引導讓步狀語從句；“ no ma

3、tter 疑問詞”只 能引導讓步狀語從句，不能用于名詞性從句中。二、要注意名詞性從句和定語從句、狀語從句的不同三、解決名詞性從句的相關(guān)題目的步驟 1名詞性從句可以充當主語、賓語、表語和同位語，要分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，然后再確認試 題考查的名詞性從句的所屬類型。2正確選擇連接詞。一般說來，引導名詞性從句的連接詞包括連接代詞和連接副詞， 其中代詞在從句中起名詞的作用，作主語、賓語或表語；而副詞則充當狀語，表示時間、方 式、原因等。例 1、（2012 遼寧卷 ）The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for he could f

4、ind about Mark Twain.A wherever B however C whatever D whichever【特別提醒】no matter what引導讓步狀語從句whatever anything that 引導名詞性從句在名詞性從句中 whatever 語氣強，一般相當于 what ，可被其代替。 He will do what/whatever he can to help us.兩者均可， whatever 最佳。例 3、 （2012 福建卷 ）We promise attends the party a chance to have aphoto taken wi

5、th the movie star.Awho B whom C whoever D whomever 答案 C whoever 在賓語從句中作主語， promise sb sth 結(jié)構(gòu)。 例 4、 The prize will be given to performs best.A who B whomC whoever D whomever答案 C whoever 在賓語從句中作主語， whoever anyone who 。, 【特別提醒】no matter who/whom 引導讓步狀語從句whoever/whomeveranyone who/whom引導名詞性從句引導定語從句who/w

6、homwho/whom 名詞性從句表 示引導名詞性從句 whoever/whomever 名詞性從 句表示“的人”；誰”一件事。例 5. （2012 陜西卷 ）As many as five courses are provided, and you are free tochoose suits you best.A whatever B whicheverC whenever D wherever【特別提醒】no matter what/which引導讓步狀語從句 whatever/whichever相當于 what/which但語氣強，引導名詞性從句在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語、表語 wh

7、at 在名詞性從句中作定語 what n./ pron.無范圍dont know what color she likes.which 在名詞性從句中作定語 which n./ pron.（ 單數(shù) ） 有范圍So many books here, I dont know which one I should take.例 7、（2009 陜西卷 ）The how-to book can be of help to wants to do thejob.A who B whomeverC no matter who D whoever答案 D 此處考查賓語從句， whoever 在從句中作主語。

8、 【特別提醒】no matter wh - 引導讓步狀語從句wh- ever 一般相當于 wh-，引導名詞性從句但語氣強 who/whom/whoever/whomever 除外鑒別辦法：截枝法 將從句去除，若主句主干結(jié)構(gòu) 即主-謂-（賓）/ 主-系-表完整，則考查狀語從句 （定語從 句無 wh-ever 引導詞，同位語從句 wh-ever 從未考查 ） ；若主句結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，則考查名詞性 從句。例 8、（2011 江西卷 ）Why dont you bring to his attention that youretoo ill to work on?【特別提醒】常見句型to do/that

9、從句be adj./ p. p.It （形wh-從句vi . 式主語）doing （特殊句型）vt ./ n./ pron.（真正主語）2 sb/sth v. it 形式賓語 adj ./ n to do/that 從句wh-從句doing （特殊句型）（真正賓語）例 11 、 （2012 重 慶 卷 ）Evidence has been found through years of study childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when then grow up.Awhy B how C whether D th

10、at特別提醒】同位語從句后移現(xiàn)象1同位語從句為了句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，從主句謂語之前移至主句謂語之后。2定語從句后移現(xiàn)象與之極為類似，只是從句性質(zhì)不同，詳見定語從句熱點13。例 13、 Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see Awho is he B who he isCwho is it D who it is答案 D 考查賓語從句語序和 it 指代人的用法。 例 14、 He looks upset but I dont know with him.A what is the matter Bwhat the matter isC what the m

11、atter was Dwhat was matter答案 A 考查從句語序。what is the matter為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 例 15、 I wonder I met him before!A where was it B where was it thatC where it was D where it was that 答案 D 考查從句語序。在從句中須用陳述語序。 , 【特別提醒】1雖然所有從句 （省略、倒裝特殊句式除外 ） 都須是陳述語序，但涉及從句語序問題， 大多考查名詞性從句，尤其賓語從句。2近年來強調(diào)句型和名詞性從句結(jié)合考查語序比較常見。例 16、（2012 天津卷 ）It

12、doesnt matter you turn right or left at thecrossing both roads lead to the park.A whether B how C if D when例 18、（ 2012安 徽卷 ）The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking,are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on hisenvironment.A where B whether C that D why答案 B 句意：一個人

13、的智力極限，通常來說， 出生時就已經(jīng)定型了。但他是否能夠 達到這些極限取決于他所處的環(huán)境。根據(jù) depend on 可知，主語從句含有不確定因素，可排 除 C。 where 表示地點， why 表示原因，用于此處不合適，而使用whether 表示“是否”，與題意吻合。 例 19、（2010 浙江卷 ）It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bringabout, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A that B what C how D whether特別提醒】whethe

14、rif4 種名詞性從句賓語從句 （有限制 ）whether to doif to dowhether 從句可作介詞賓語if 從句不作介詞賓語 I dont know whether or not he will come. I dont know whether he will come or not. I dont know if or not he will come. I dont know if he will come or not.【易錯點點睛】易錯點點睛 1 名詞性從句中連接詞的正確選用、 Mary wrote an article on _ the team had faile

15、d to win the game.A. why B. wtat C. who D. that【錯誤解答】 B 或 D【錯解分析】 許多考生都誤以為 what 在本題中充當 failed 的賓語，或認為空格后不 缺成分，故選 B 或 D。實際上就本題而言，不難看出句意為“瑪麗寫了一篇關(guān)于隊伍為何在 比賽中失敗的文章”，所以應(yīng)該選用強調(diào)原因的why。【正確解答】 A、 A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.A. howB. after C. what D. when4. His ability has never been i

16、n doubt the question is he is prepared to workhard.A. whether B. if C. that D. where【錯誤解答】 B【錯解分析】 很多同學對 whether 和 if 的用法一知半解， 盡管二者都有“是否”的意 思，但在主語、表語或同位語從句中只能用 whether ，不能用 if ?！菊_解答】 A5. He can t answer the question hegot the money.A. what B. that C. how D. where 【錯誤解答】 B【錯解分析】 許多考生知道這是一個同位語從句，在定性思

17、維中認為同位語從句用出 at 引導，事實上同位語從句也可用 when， where， why 等來引導，不一定只用 that.【正確解答】 C【特別提醒】that 引導名詞性從句時，在從句中無意義，不作成分，只起到連接作用，在賓語從 句中可省略。He told me (that) he would leave soon.what 與出 at 在名詞性從句中的區(qū)別。Right:What he said was true.這是一個主語從句， what 在從句中作動詞 said 的賓詞，意思是 : “話”或“ 事”，此句中不能用 that 。That he came late made the te

18、acher angry. 這個句子還是主語從句。從句中意思完整，所以用 that 來引導，起到一個標志作用。 【變式探究】1 I tr y to understand _ prevents them from being as happy as one might expect although they are so rich.A. that B. what C. itD. whether答案: B解析 :what 引導賓語從句。Although Mary is happy with her success she wonders _ will happen to her private l

19、ife.A. that B. this C. it D. what答案: D解析 :what 引導賓語從句。The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and _ I could have the money without delay.A. what B. that C. 不填D. whether答案: B解析 :what 只起連結(jié)詞作用，本身無義。I have found out _ they will ask to lead the vic- tory march on Saturday.A. when B.

20、 where C. whom D. what答案: C解析 :whom 引導一個賓語從句，在賓語從句中又作ask 的賓語。5 It was not until dark he found he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A. that; what B. that; that C. when; that D. when; that答案: A解析 : 這是一個帶有賓語從句的加強調(diào)句型。主句是not until 句型。易錯點點睛 2 that 引導的賓語從句， wh-引導的賓語從句以及某些特殊詞后所跟的賓 語從句1. As so

21、on as he comes back, I will tell him when and see him.A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you comeThe leaders of the battle ordered all of us the work on time.A. if;finished B. that;finishC. whether; finishedD. what; finished【錯誤解答】 A 或 C【錯解分析】 許多考生認為 A、C 答案均講得通，即“任務(wù)是否要以接時完成”，但本 題由于受 ord

22、ered 這個詞的限制，應(yīng)該選 B。其中 finish 為 should finish 的省略形式?！菊_解答】 BMost of the university students are confident _ they can get a good job with higher pay.A. whether B. that C. where D. when【特別提醒】出 at 引導的賓語從句出 at 常用來引導賓語從句，通常 that 可以省略。He has told me that he will go to Shanghaitomorrow他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。注意：在 dema

23、nd， order ， suggest ， decide 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的 動詞后 ,hat 從句 常用“ (should)+ 動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。wh- 引導的賓語從句want to know what he has told you 我想知道他告訴了你什么。形容詞后所跟的賓語從句某些動態(tài)形容詞 (afraid ， confident ，aware，certain ，sure ，doubtful 等 )在句中做 表語時，后面可跟賓語從句。例句 :I am confident that I can get the job我有信心我可以得到這份工作?！咀兪教骄俊? We can

24、 t figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.that B. as C. why D. whenMr Smith suggested that all of the students _ their exercise books.A. handed in B. should hand in C. handing inD. that hand in答案: B解析 : 盡管動詞 suggest 用了過去式，但 suggest 后若跟賓語從句，則從句部分應(yīng)用 shoulddo 結(jié)構(gòu)。易錯點點睛

25、3 that 和 wh- 引導的主語從句及形式主語的幾種主要句型1. After Yany Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how【錯誤解答】 C 或 D【錯解分析】 本題考查主語從句。首先排除 C，因為該主語從句缺成分，而 that 不充 當任何成分的。 where 和 how 只能充當狀語成分，而本句缺少 do 的賓語，因此應(yīng)選 B.【正確解答】 B3. It is a shame _ we lost

26、 that expensive car.A. that B. when C. asD. if錯誤解答】B或D錯解分析】很多考生不知道 It 在本句中作形式主語。本句實際上是It is was a+名詞 +that 結(jié)構(gòu)。正確解答】特別提醒】在實際應(yīng)用中常常采用 it 形式(1)that 引導的主語從句that 引導的主語從句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末， 主語形式。That he passed the English test is true.It is true that he passed the English test.(2) 形式主語的四個主要句型It + be + 名詞 + tha

27、t 從句It is a pity that.可惜的是，用于此句型的名詞還有 fact shame honor question 等。It + be + 形容詞 + that 從句It is certain that. 很肯定，可用于此句型的形容詞還有 clear better natural important neeessary.It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that 從句It is said that. 據(jù)說，可用于此句型的過去分詞還有 believed known reported 等。It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句如 : It seems that.好像是似乎可用于

28、此句型的不及物動詞還有happen， appear 等?！咀兪教骄俊? _ there is life on another planet is almost impossible.A. How B. That C. why D. Whether 答案: B解析 :That 引導主語從句。_ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next week.A. It saysB. It is said C. It has saidD. He issaid答案: B解析 :構(gòu)成 his was 十過去分詞 +that 結(jié)構(gòu)。_

29、is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.A. That B. He C. What D. It答案: D解析 :It 充當形式主語， when 引導主語從句。易錯點點睛 4 由 that 、wh-疑問詞引導的表語從句及從屬連詞引導的表語從句、同位語從句1. A stroy goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.when B.

30、 where C. what D. that Are you stillthinking about yesterday s game? oh, that s _A. what makes me feel excitedwhatever feels me abouthow I feel about itwhen I feel excitedThe question he askedwas _ the electrical equipment should be stored.A. what B. which C. where D. because【特別提醒】1.that 引導的表語從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)

31、 : 主語 + 系動詞 + that 從句例句 :The fact is that we have lost the game.2.wh- 疑問詞引導的表語從句That is why I tell you the news.那就是我為什么告訴你這個消息的原因。從屬連詞 as if,boecause,just as 等引導的表語從句It is because I have ever heard of the story.那是因為我曾經(jīng)聽說過這個故事。同位語從句同位語從句通常由 that 引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice ， demand， doubt ，fact ，hope，idea

32、， information ，message，news，order ，problem ，promise ， question ， repuest ， suggestion ， truth ，wish ，word 等?！咀兪教骄俊? The reason she gave for not being present was _ the heavy snow prevented her coming.A. /; because B. why; becauseC. /; thatD. why; whetherWhat she wants to know is dress she should buy

33、.A. that B. what C. which D. why答案: C解析 :本題考查表語從句用法，從句意看，應(yīng)該是表選擇關(guān)系，即“想買哪件衣服”。He asked the question _ this material can stand high temperature.A. what B. why C. whether D. when2 We all agree with him on _ he said.A. what B. that C. why D. how答案: A解析 : 置于介詞后的賓語從句一般不用that 引導。本句充當 said 的賓語，故用 what。5 I m

34、sorry _ your mother is iii.A. whom B. if C. that D. how答案: C解析:主語 +be+形容詞 +that. 結(jié)構(gòu)。We think it important _ we should keep the balance of nature.A. whether B. what C. that D. which答案: B解析 :that 引導賓語從句后置， it 為形式賓語。Things were not _ they seemed to be.A. what B. because C. that D. where答案: A解析 :what 引導

35、表語從句。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as ifitA. breaks B. has brokenC. were broken D. had been broken答案: C解析:在 as if 引導的表語從句中，謂動詞有時，可用虛擬語氣，如本題中“鉛筆似乎 斷了”實際上未斷。The reason I plan to go is _ if I don t.A. because she will be disappointedthat she will be disappointedbecause she will b

36、e disappointedon account of she will have a disappointed答案: B解析 :that 引導表語從句It worried her a bit _ her hair was tunrning grey.A. while B. that C. ifD. for答案: B解析 :it 是形式主語， that 用來引導真正的主語，此時不可省略。is known to all that WTO stands for World Trade Organization.A. Which B. What C. As D. It答案: D解析 :it 充當形式

37、主語。The fact she works hard is well known to us.A. that B. what C. why D. which答案: A解析 : 同位語從句。The mountain is no longer _ it used to be.A. which B. that C. as D. whatI know nothing about her except _ she is from Canada.A. how B. when C. that D. why答案: C解析 :that 作介詞賓語從句。What a pity_ is _you didn t ar

38、rive by daylight.A. there; becauseB. it; thatC. he ;whenD. that; for答案: B解析 :it 充當形式主語，此句結(jié)構(gòu)可還原成 :It is a pity that._ we can? t get seems better than _ we have.A. What; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. That; what答案: A解析 : 前一個 what 引導主語從句，且作 get 的賓語，后一個 what 作 have 的賓語。I t s not yet clear _ of those w

39、ill be chosen to do the job.A. that B. whom C. which D. whose答案: C解析 :Which 表選擇關(guān)系，引導主語從句，讓為形式主語。_ is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.A. That B. He C. What D. It答案: D解析 :it 充當形式主語。It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. whether 答案: B解析 :t

40、hat 引導主語從句， it 此時為形式主語。_ breaks the law should be punished.A. No matter whoB. WhoeverC. AllD. Who答案: B解析 :whoever 引導主語從句， no matter who 雖語 意相同，但不能引導主語從句。 31 _ is to practise using English often.A. That you should do B. Which you should doC. What you should do D. Whatever you doShe dresses well,but t

41、he trouble is _ the clothes she is wearing don t go with each other very well.A. even if B. whether C. that D. if答案: C解析 :that 引導表語從句。The suggestion _ students should learn some practical English is worth considering.A. if B. which C. /D. that答案: D解析 : 同位語從句。_ they don t like us is very clear.A. Wha

42、t B. That C. Which D. Where答案: B解析 :that 引導主語從句，可省，因為主語成分齊全。_ yon ve all had a wonderful vacation.A. It would be good that B. It is good thatC. It was good thatD. It will be good that答案: B解析 :It is was + 形容詞 + that 結(jié)構(gòu)。I don t doubt he will come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether答案: A解析 :doubt 前有否定詞時，只

43、能用 that 引導。It s not clear he did it.A. who B. which C. whom D. why答案: A解析 :why 引導主語從句。 I missed a word here in the sentence. Well, that s _ you were mistaken.A. when B. what C. where D. why46 Never take _ for granted that I will help you.A. that B. it C. which D. that48 Lei Feng was always thinking

44、of _ he could help others.A. that B. how C. when D. which答案: B解析:how 表方式，即“如何幫助別人”。49 The green typewriter is mine. Do you know whose typewriter ?A. is this blue one B. this blue oneC. is this blue D. this blue one is.完型填空One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting fort

45、he food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I 51 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, 52 he knew me. The manhad a newspaper53 in front of him, which he was 54 to read,but I could 55 that he waskeeping an eye on me. when the waiter brought my 56 the man was clear

46、ly puzzled（ 困 惑） by the 57 way in which the waiter and I 58 each other. He seened even more puzzled as 59 went on and it became 60 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got.Up and went into the 61 .When he came out,he paid his bill and 62 withoutanother glance in my direction. I

47、 called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 63 . “Well, ”he said, “that man ws a detective （偵探）. He 64 you here because he though you were the man he65 ”. “what?”I said,showing my 66 . The owner continued, “He came into the kitchen and sho wed me a photo of the wanted man. I 67 say he looked very much like you ! Of course, sin