《中西文化對比》第五章-漢英翻譯的九種技巧課件

1、漢英翻譯常用的九種技巧常用的九種翻譯技巧1. 重復(fù)法 (repetition)2. 增譯法 (amplification)3. 減譯法 (omission)4. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)移法 (conversion)5. 詞序調(diào)整法 (inversion)6. 分譯法 (division)7. 正說反譯, 反說正譯法 (negation)8. 語態(tài) 變換法 (the change of the voices)9.修辭重現(xiàn) 1. 重復(fù)法1.漢語重復(fù),英譯時也重復(fù);2.根據(jù)兩種語言各自的習(xí)慣用法,以不同的表達方式進行重復(fù),這種重復(fù)通常是為了傳達原文的生動性. 英語一般避免重復(fù)，代稱用得多，不但名詞可以用代詞來替代，

2、動詞、形容詞也有相應(yīng)的詞來替代。漢語則不怕重復(fù)，實稱用得多。We have to analyze and solve problems. 我們要分析問題，解決問題。Lets revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我們來修改安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace - but there is no peace. 先生們盡管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然沒有和平。Nels had it all written out neatly.納爾斯把它寫得清清楚楚。 English grammar is very

3、difficult and few writers have avoided making mistakes in it.英語語法十分困難，作家很少不犯語法錯誤的。（譯文重復(fù)“語法”二字。）1 .這種人鬧什么東西呢?鬧名譽,鬧地位,鬧出風(fēng)頭。 What are they after? They are after fame, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的難處。 A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天蒼蒼,野茫茫,風(fēng)吹草低見牛羊。The sky is

4、blue and blue; boundless and boundlessAnd the steppe grassland) is wide and wide; Among the lower grass that the wind has blown, sheep and oxen roam. 4. 尋尋覓覓,冷冷清請,凄凄慘慘戚戚;乍暖還寒時侯,最難將息。 Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn

5、cold again, How hard to calm the heart! (譯文1） I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. （許淵沖譯）5.青青河邊草, 郁郁園中柳。Green grass grows upon the river bank, The lush and green willows shoot in the garden.1. He wandered about in the chill rain, thin

6、king and thinking, brooding and brooding他在凄雨中蕩來蕩去，想了又想，盤算了盤算。3. Blood must atone for blood.血債要用血來還。7. Rain or shine, Ill go there.雨也罷，晴也罷，我都要去那。（使譯文生動流暢）。8.We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other-of everything but our host and hostess.我們談到自己， 談到前途， 談到旅

7、程， 談到天氣， 談到彼此的情況， -談到一切，只是不談我們的男女主人。: Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.上大學(xué)的上大學(xué)了， 下鄉(xiāng)的下鄉(xiāng)了。: Happy families also had their own troubles.幸福家庭有幸福家庭的苦惱。:The letter “I” represents I, “O” owe, and “U” you.字母I代表“我”，O代表“欠”，U代表“你”。（將省略的動詞譯出來）But there had been too much publicit

8、y about my case.但我的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.多數(shù)人興高采烈之日，卻是少數(shù)人傷心失意之時。:Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift （節(jié)約）avarice(=greed).勇之過度則蠻，愛之過度則為寵，儉之過度則為貪。（原文 省略了定語和謂語 譯成漢語時應(yīng)補上）2. 增譯法為了使譯文忠實地表達原文的意思與風(fēng)格并使譯

9、文合乎表達習(xí)慣,必須增加一些詞語,這就叫增譯法.增詞義增加虛詞為多，也可酌量增加實詞。英譯漢時經(jīng)常增加的詞有結(jié)構(gòu)詞、數(shù)量詞、概念詞、語氣詞等。從增補的功能來看，可以分為結(jié)構(gòu)增補、意義增補和修辭增補。I am looking forward to the holidays. 我們等待假日的到來。Much of our morality is customary. 我們大部分的道德觀念都有習(xí)慣性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，筆記使人精確。Histo

10、ries make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯。1.沒有調(diào)查研究就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。:He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.)2. 子曰:

11、“學(xué)而不思則罔, 思而不學(xué)則殆?！盋onfucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He whothinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虛心使人進步, 驕傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. Sweet dream 做個好夢4. 交出翻譯之前,必須讀幾遍,看看有沒有要修改的地方. 這樣你才能把工作做好。:Before handing in your transl

12、ation, you have to read it over and overagain and see if there is anything to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 5. 只許州官放火, 不許百姓點燈。The magistrate official) are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse,

13、 while another may not look over the hedge =fence .)6. 班門弄斧:Showing off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. : To teach fish/ duck to swim: to teach the grandmother of the hen to lay a egg.7. 三個臭皮匠, 頂個諸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mast

14、er mind. 8.留得青山在, 不怕沒柴燒。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 3. 減譯法增譯法的反面減譯法是指原文中有些詞在譯文中不譯出來,因為譯文中雖無其詞而已有其意,或者在譯文中是不言而喻的; 減譯法是刪去一些可有可無的, 或者有了反而累贅或違背譯文習(xí)慣表達法的詞, 并不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去。省譯和增補是相輔相成的兩種翻譯技巧。省譯和分為結(jié)構(gòu)省譯和精煉壓縮。所謂結(jié)構(gòu)省譯是由于英漢兩種語言在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異造成的。在英譯漢時經(jīng)常省略的詞有代詞、系詞、介詞、連詞、冠

15、詞、先行詞等。作主語和定語的人稱代詞以及做定語的物主代詞均可省譯。A book is useful. 書（是）有用（的）。The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。On Sundays we have no school. 禮拜天我們不上學(xué)。 If you write him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 你寫信給他，總是石沉大海。A wise man will not marry a woman who has talents but no virtue. 聰明的人是不會娶有才無德的女子為

16、妻的。It isnt unusual for a woman to want her ex- (=former husband) back, for respectability, though for a man to want his ex-wife back well, perhaps it is funny, rather! （一個）女人為了體面（的關(guān)系）而要（她的從）前（的那個丈）夫回來，這并不（是）奇怪（的事），雖然（一個）男人要（他從）前（的那個）妻（子）回來，也許是很有趣的事。我們要培養(yǎng)分析問題、 解決問題的能力。We must cultivate the ability to

17、 analyze and solve problems. 2. 郭沫若同志曾說: “中國人歷來是勇于探索、勇于創(chuàng)造、勇于革命的?！?Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The Chinese people have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”3. 他們?yōu)閲易龅氖? 比我們所做的多得多。 They have done much more for the state than we have. 4. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法

18、英譯漢時詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的核心是根據(jù)需要將具有動作性的名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的動詞，或者將可表示概念的動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語名詞。漢譯英時則反其道而行之。For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them. :學(xué)習(xí)寫作的人若能意識到各種文化在修辭模式上的差別，則有助于他們迅速掌握對他們

19、來說是外語的寫作模式。:All of us need to feel needed and admired. But unless we hear wordsor praise from someone else, how can we know that we are valued friends or co-workers?:被人需要、被人欣賞是每個人都渴望獲得的感覺，而這種感覺來自于他人的贊美，假如聽不到任何贊美之詞，我們將無從知道自己在朋友或同事心目中的價值。Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那時已受挫折。Traditionally,

20、there had always been good relations between them. 他們之間一直有著傳統(tǒng)的友好關(guān)系。This experiment is a great success. 這次實驗是極為成功的。1) 語言這個東西不是隨便可以學(xué)好的, 非下苦功不可。The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 2) 一定要少說空話,多做工作。There must be less empty talk and more hard work. 3. 徐悲鴻畫馬畫得特別好。 :Xu Beiho

21、ngs drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good. 4. 林則徐認為, 要成功地禁止鴉片買賣,就得首先把鴉片焚毀:Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded （happen just before）by the destruction of the drug itself. 由于漢語國家和英語國家在歷史、文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等各方面的不同，在語言上形成了很大差異。有時候一句英文在英美人看來順理成章，但在中國人看來卻是顛三倒

22、四，極為別扭。很多時候，需要我們對語言中的詞類進行轉(zhuǎn)換，然后再翻譯，方可使譯文顯得通順、自然。Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. 從心理方面來說，到了老年，有兩種危險傾向需要注意防止。一是過分地懷念過去。（如譯作“對過去的過分懷念”，不順。）5. 詞序調(diào)整法1.發(fā)生了這樣的事不是你的錯。 Its not your fault that this has happened. 2.她，一個瘦弱多病的女

23、孩子，以她堅強的毅力寫出了一部催人奮進的小說。 :A thin and weak girl susceptible (easily to be influenced) to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.3 一直在一旁觀看的小學(xué)生們開始鼓起掌來。:The pupils that had been watching started to applaud. 4.會議沒能取得一致意見就結(jié)束了。:The meeting ended in disagreement (without r

24、eaching a consensus). As more and more people are divorced or live with partners to whom they are not married, advocates of the picture-book Nuclear family grow more and more worried about giving offence. It is hard debate on the consequences of the changingshape of the family 隨著離婚和同居現(xiàn)象的日益普遍，核心家庭的倡導(dǎo)

25、者越來越擔(dān)心他們的主張會得罪不少人。 If you are Britains upright Tony Blair ,happily married andloyal Christian ,to speak up too loudly in favor of your own domestic arrangement when your ministers have included divorced and homosexuals .It is even harder for American politicians to discuss family values when their n

26、umber includes the likes of Bill Clinton. 設(shè)想以下，如果你是英國的布來爾，為人正派，婚姻幸福，虔誠的教徒，而你的大臣們有的離婚，有的是同性戀，你就很難大聲宣揚自己的家庭觀。在美國的政治家中，有了Clinton之流，談?wù)摷彝r值更是個棘手的問題。 So the debate on the consequences of the the changingshape of the family-surely the most important of all socialchanges mostly Important of all social chang

27、es -goes on outside politics. -Troubles at home. 所以，盡管家庭形式的變化在社會變化中具有最重要的地位，這些問題的討論只能在政治圈之外進行。 正反、反正表達法英語和漢語是兩種差異比較大的語言，英語重形合，漢語重意合。有人把英語句子比喻為“樹木叢生、干枝糾纏的樹林”，脈絡(luò)難析，主次難辨，而把漢語句子比喻為“枝干分明的竹林”，脈絡(luò)清晰，主次易辨翻譯時，根據(jù)表達習(xí)慣，英語、漢語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)有時需要進行相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。英漢語復(fù)合句中主句和從句之間的時間順序和邏輯順序也不完全一致，因此，翻譯時，也時常需要根據(jù)表達習(xí)慣，對句序進行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 由于民族文化和思維方

28、式不同，英漢兩種語言在表達同一概念時所采用的方式就有所不同。在表達否定概念時，英語和漢語使用的詞匯、語法、語言邏輯就有很大的差異。漢語中有些詞、短語或者句子是從反面表達的，而譯成英語時則需要從正面進行表達.反之，漢語中有些從正面表達的詞、短語或者句子，譯成英語時需要從反面進行表達 .例1：Did I get your name right?譯文：我沒弄錯你的名字吧？解析：如果直譯，雖然意思沒錯，但不合乎漢語的習(xí)慣。例：She has been a widow only six months.譯文：她的丈夫去世還不到半年。解析：原文從妻子的角度加以描述，而譯文是從丈夫的角度加以描述。如果直譯“她

29、只當(dāng)了六個月的寡婦”則與原句意思不相符。而“她的丈夫去世還不到半年”是原句陳述的事實。正反互譯例2：Pessimism is a hard habit to break, but it can be done.譯文：悲觀是一種很難克服的習(xí)慣，但并非不能克服。解析：“并非不能”與“能夠”孰重孰輕，不言自明。例3：I can not agree any more.譯文：我百分之百同意。解析：一個“百分之百”，其力度超過了多少個“不能再”。例4：One cannot be too careful in selecting a life partner.譯文：在終生伴侶的選擇上要慎之又慎。解析：一句“

30、慎之又慎”把can not be too careful翻譯得淋漓盡致。2. 結(jié)構(gòu)上的正反互譯 句法結(jié)構(gòu)上的正說反譯、反說正譯是指有些語句形式上是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，其實際意義是否定的，所以譯文必須采取正說反譯。反之亦然，如原文是否定式，可意義是肯定的，有時甚至比肯定式還要強調(diào)肯定。如雙重否定句，這時就要按照其意義譯為相應(yīng)的形式。 正反互譯回目錄五. 正反互譯 正反互譯（一）英譯漢正反互譯的處理 采取正說反譯或反說正譯有兩種情況：一是意義上的，二是句法結(jié)構(gòu)上的。 1. 意義上的正反互譯 意義上的正反互譯是指原文從一個角度下筆，譯文從另外一個角度下筆。因為在進行兩種語言互譯時，有時照原文直譯，譯文意思不通

31、，或描述不便。有時，譯者采用此方法是為了行文優(yōu)美，增加力度等方面的需要。 回目錄正反互譯例3：Time is what we want most, but what many use worst. 譯文：時間是我們最缺少的，但偏偏許多人最不善于利用時間。例4：A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants on. 譯文：謊言已經(jīng)傳遍半個世界了，事實還沒有機會穿上褲子出門。（2）正反皆可:在不同的上下文中，有些詞語可以根據(jù)實際需要譯成肯定或否定句。 1:The only way

32、of catching a train I have ever discovered is to miss the train before. 要趕上火車，我發(fā)現(xiàn)只有一個辦法：錯過前一班車。要趕上火車，我發(fā)現(xiàn)只有一個辦法：不去趕前一班車。 例2:Angels fly because they take themselves lightly. 天使會飛，因為他們不把自己看得太重。天使會飛，因為他們把自己看得很輕。 正反互譯回目錄（2）形容詞與相關(guān)詞組的正反互譯 例1：她對我們的警告充耳不聞，結(jié)果迷失了方向。 譯文:She turned a deaf ear to our warnings and

33、 got lost. 例2：她非但不喜歡他，而且極為討厭他。 譯文:Far from admiring him, she dislikes him intensely. 正反互譯回目錄（3）介詞與相關(guān)詞組的正反互譯 例1：我無法理解這個問題。 譯文：The problem is beyond my understanding. 例2：我對他們的計劃一無所知。 譯文:Im completely in the dark concerning their plans. 正反互譯回目錄（1）正說反譯在英語中，有些形式上肯定的句子并不一定是意義上肯定的句子。在這種情況下，盡管謂語動詞沒有使用否定形式，但

34、句子的含義卻是否定的。 例1：He was the last man I want to see. 譯文：他是我最不想看到的人。 例2：It was beyond his power to decide the matter. 譯文：他無權(quán)決定這種事。 正反互譯回目錄 正反、反正表達法 由于民族文化和思維方式不同，英漢兩種語言在表達同一概念時所采用的方式就有所不同。在表達否定概念時，英語和漢語使用的詞匯、語法、語言邏輯就有很大的差異。漢語中有些詞、短語或者句子是從反面表達的，而譯成英語時則需要從正面表達。I.漢語從反面表達，譯文從正面表達例1:我們確信，年輕一代將不會辜負我們的信任。 :We

35、are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短語)例3：他的觀點理由相當(dāng)不充分The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (詞) II.漢語從正面表達，譯文從反面表達例4：他這個人優(yōu)柔寡斷，而且總是反復(fù)無常。:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 例5：調(diào)查結(jié)果清清楚楚地顯示病人死于心臟病。 :The investigation left no doubt that

36、the patient had died of heart disease. (短語)例6：這類舉動遲早會被人發(fā)覺的。 :Such actions couldnt long escape notice. (句子) 特殊的否定句式例7：有利必有弊。譯文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (雙重否定)例8：我們在那個城市從未因為是猶太人而遭受歧視。:In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定轉(zhuǎn)移)英語詞句中含有 “never”

37、, “no”, “non-”, “un-”, “im-”, “ir-”, “-less”等成分； 漢語詞句中含有 “不，沒，無，未，甭，別，休，莫，非，勿，毋” 等成分。1.我想小李明天不會來了。I dont think Xiao Li will com tomorrow. 2.我們的人民解放軍無愧于偉大的人民軍隊的稱號。:Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.3.雷鋒的高尚行為是贊揚不盡的。 Lei Fengs noble deeds are above all praise.她光著腳走進房間。She cam

38、e into the room with no shoes on. 法律面前人人平等。 Law is no respecter of persons. She refrained from laughing. 她忍住了，沒有發(fā)笑。She was refused admittance by them. 他們不許她進去。An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 良機難現(xiàn)。 All that glitters is not gold. All is not lost. 并非全失。But all men are not born to be king

39、. 并非人人生來就都是作帝王的。All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends. 吹捧你的人并非都是你的忠實朋友。Both children are not clever. 并非兩個孩子都聰明。Only for business. 閑人莫入。Keep upright. 切勿倒置。 Wet paint. 油漆未干。Urban clearway. 市區(qū)通道，不準(zhǔn)停車。Inflammables - keep away from fire. 易燃物品，請勿近火。No deposit will be refunded unless ticke

40、t produced. 憑票退還押金。These visits will operate only if weather permits. 以上參觀項目遇雨停止或改期。If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果你本人遞交證件，只有校方信封保持密封才可以被認為是正式的。（誤）如果證件由申請人本人遞交，則本人不得擅自啟封，否則證件將視為無效。（正） Praise can help to rub

41、off the sharp edges of daily contact Nowhere is thus truer in marriage. Yet it is perhaps at homethat the value of apprise is less appreciated than elsewhere.:贊美可以化解日常交往中的種種矛盾和摩擦。這一點在婚姻生活中表現(xiàn)的尤為真切?？上Ъ彝ヒ苍S是最不重視贊美價值的地方。 7. 分譯法和 合譯法 漢譯英時，需要分譯的句子多數(shù)是長句，或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)句。這種句子如果譯成一個長句，就會使譯文冗長、累贅、意思表達不清楚，也不符合英文習(xí)慣。如果

42、采用分譯，則會使譯文簡潔、易懂層次分明。例1. 少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰竭時，要做學(xué)問也來不及了。(按內(nèi)容層次分譯):Youth will soon be gone, never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in declining years.例2. 她隔窗望去，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(從主語變換處分譯):Looking through the window, she suddenly found a boat mooring to the ba

43、nk, in it there was a boatman fast asleep.例3. 聲速隨溫度的升降會有輕微的增減，但不受氣壓的影響。(從關(guān)聯(lián)詞處分譯)The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with a decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air.例4.我們的政策是“一個國家，兩種制度”，具體說，就是在中華人民共和國內(nèi)，有著十多億人口的大陸實行社會主義制度，香港、臺灣地區(qū)實行資本

44、主義制度。(原文出現(xiàn)總說或分述時要分譯):We are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems.” More specifically, this means that within the Peoples Republic of China, themainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist sys

45、tem.合譯法 英漢兩種語言的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完全相同，盡管英語句子日趨簡潔,但是從句套從句，短語含短語的句型也是頻頻出現(xiàn)。通常，一個英語句子的信息包含量要大于一個漢語句子，因此，在漢譯英的時，常把漢語的兩個句子，甚至更多句子，合譯成英語的一句。使用合句法還可以使譯文緊湊、簡練。例:一代人與一代人之間的沖突，也就是年輕人與老年人的沖突，似乎是最可笑的。因為這就是現(xiàn)在的自己與將來的自己，或者說過去的自己與現(xiàn)在的自己的沖突。(在關(guān)聯(lián)詞處合譯):A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, f

46、or it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.例:對我來說，我的家就像我自己的一個小王國。我就是里面的國王。(從主語變換處合譯):To me my family is like my own little kingdom where I am king.例：第二天，我又接到一個電報。電報有34個字，比前一個電報說得更詳細。(按內(nèi)容連貫合譯):The following day I received ano

47、ther telegram consisting of 34 ciphers,giving more details. :Americas culture, built on the primacy of individual choice and self-fulfillment, is illsuited to the pursuit of married life,which brought as much as unhappiness to people (especially to women )Even in its heyday.尊重個人選擇和崇尚個人成就是美國文化的基礎(chǔ)和核心。

48、這與婚姻生活的追求是不符合的。對于美國人來說，尤其是婦女，即使在最甜蜜的時期，婚姻生活也是幸福與不幸參半。8. 語態(tài)變換法被動變主動 主動變被動英語比漢語用更多的被動語態(tài)；英語中用被動語態(tài)的句子翻譯成漢語時，我們可根據(jù)漢語的語言習(xí)慣吧被動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成主動語態(tài)；漢語中用主動語態(tài)的句子也可根據(jù)具體情況轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。說話時，已擺了茶果上來。（紅樓夢，第三回）Meanwhile refreshments had been served.當(dāng)下茶果已撤，賈母命兩個老嬤嬤帶了黛玉去見兩個舅舅。Now the refreshments had been cleared away and the Lady Do

49、wager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu to see her two uncles. 林如海已葬入祖墳了，諸事停妥，賈璉方進京的。Lin Ruhai had been buried in the ancestral graveyard and his funeral completed, Jia Lian was able to start back for the capital. :至晚飯后，寶玉因吃了兩杯酒，眼餳（xing）耳熱之際，若往日則有個襲人等大家喜笑有興，今日卻冷冷清清的一人對燈，好沒興趣。:After dinner, flushed by

50、 a few cups of wine, Baoyu would normally have amused himself with Xiren and the others; but this evening he satall alone, disconsolate, by the lamp. 當(dāng)下眾人七言八語。By now proposals of all kinds were being made. 注意英語常用被動句型的漢語習(xí)慣譯法It is hoped that 希望It is reported that 據(jù)報道It is said that 據(jù)說It is supposed th

51、at 據(jù)推測Its must be admitted that 必須承認It must be pointed out that必須指出It is asserted that 有人主張It is believed that 有人相信It is well known that 眾所周知It will be said that 人們會說It was told that人們曾說I was told that 我聽說 英語動詞有時態(tài)，時間概念往往通過時態(tài)表現(xiàn)出來：漢語動詞沒有時態(tài)，表示不同的時間，往往需要加時間狀語。It is like a dream to me now, floating throu

52、gh my mind in slow motion. Many children were playing close to the water, and we were shocked bytheir ignorance and daring. 現(xiàn)在回想起來，就仿佛是一場夢，當(dāng)時的情景還在我腦海里緩緩浮動。那一天，許多孩子在靠近水邊的地方玩耍，他們那樣大膽，不知道危險就在眼前，使我們非常吃驚。 （譯文加了“那一天”。）英語被動語態(tài)用得多，漢語被動式用得少，有時不用被動形式也可以表示被動的含義，有時可以用無主語句。:When the whale is killed, the blubber i

53、s stripped off and boiled down,either on board ship or on shore.:鯨魚殺死以后，把鯨脂剝下來熬油，這項工作有的是在船上進行的，有的是在岸上進行的。（不一定譯成“鯨魚被殺死以后”，不用“被”字仍可表示被動的含義。）:Great sums of money have been spent, for example in the deserts of Egypt, in “prospecting” for oil.:在石油“勘探”方面，已經(jīng)花了大筆的錢，比如在埃及的沙漠里進行的勘探工作就是如此。（原文是被動語態(tài)，但未說明誰是施動者。譯文

54、用了無主句。）例1：Swift progress has also been made in education.譯文：教育事業(yè)也有了迅速的發(fā)展。解析:狀語in education做主語。例2：決議一致通過。譯文：The solution has been unanimously adopted.例3：這座立交橋?qū)⒂谀甑淄ㄜ?。譯文：The flyover will be opened to traffic at the end of this year.回目錄電影非誠勿擾中的征婚啟事 你要想找一帥哥就別來了，你要想找一錢包就別見了，碩士學(xué)歷以上的免談，上海女人免談，女企業(yè)家免談（小商小販除外）

55、，省得咱們互相都會失望。劉德華和阿湯哥那種財貌雙全的郎君是不會來征你的婚的，當(dāng)然我也沒有做諾丁山的夢。 您要真是一仙女我也接不住，沒期待您長得更畫報封面一樣看一眼就魂飛魄散。外表時尚，內(nèi)心保守，身心都健康的一般人就行，要是多少還有點兒婉約那就更靠譜了。心眼兒別太多歲數(shù)別太小，允許時常有不切實際的想入非非，但三句話就能給轟回現(xiàn)實還不氣腦頂多有點兒難為情地咧嘴一笑就該干嗎干嗎去了。 我喜歡會疊衣服的女人，每次洗完燙平疊得都像剛從商店里買回來的一樣。說得夠具體了吧。If you are looking for a handsome guy or a wallet, dont reply; If yo

56、uhold a Masters degree or higher, not possible; girls born in Shanghai, not possible; female entrepreneurs (except small business hawker), notpossible, so that we dont waste each others hope. Andy Liu or om Cruise kind, who is both wealthy and good-looking, would not make an announcement looking for

57、 you. Surely, I dont expect a Notting Hill story either. Even if youre indeed an angel, I wont be able to handle you-I dont expect that you looks like that girl on the magazine cover, just one look crushing peoples souls。An average person, with outside stylishness inside conservativeness, with fit b

58、ody and mind, will just do, even better if youre beautifully shy.You need not to play too many tricks or be too young, from time to time, youre allowed to have unrealistic dreams, but a few words is enoughto get you back into reality without getting you angry-a little embarrassed grin at most, and t

59、hen do what you ought to do. I like a woman who knows how to fold clothes in a way that whenever you finish washing, ironing and folding them, they will look just like when you bought them from stores. It cannot be more specific than this,can it?自我介紹一下，我，歲數(shù)已經(jīng)不小了，日子小康，抽煙不喝酒，留學(xué)生身份出去的，在國外生活過十幾年，沒正經(jīng)上過學(xué)，

60、蹉跎中練就一身生存技能，現(xiàn)在學(xué)無所成海外歸來，實話實說應(yīng)該定性為一只沒有公司沒有股票沒有學(xué)位的“三無劣海龜”。性格OPEN，人品五五開，不算老實人，但天生膽小，殺人不犯法我也殺不了人，傷天害理了自己良心也備受摧殘，命中注定想學(xué)壞都當(dāng)不了大壞蛋?？傮w而言基本上還是屬于對人類對社會有益無害的一類。 有意者電聯(lián)，非誠勿擾Contact me by phone, if youre the one.Let me introduce myself for you. Im a man whose age is no longer small, living a moderately well-off lif