閱讀理解分類分析和解題方法技巧指導(dǎo)課件

1、目錄 專題一 人物傳記型閱讀理解 專題二 故事型閱讀理解 專題三 新聞報(bào)道型閱讀理解 專題四 廣告應(yīng)用型閱讀理解 專題五 文化教育型閱讀理解 專題六 歷史地理型閱讀理解 專題七 社會(huì)生活型閱讀理解 專題八 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 高考閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解考綱解讀 考綱解讀 高考閱讀理解要求考生在3035分鐘內(nèi)完成35篇不同題材、體裁的短文理解。閱讀理解作為考查考生語(yǔ)言能力的重點(diǎn)， 要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料?？忌鷳?yīng)能：理解主旨要義；理解文中的具體信息；作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；理解文章的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)；理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。同時(shí)還要達(dá)到以下能力目標(biāo)：模塊 3 考綱解讀 (1)能夠

2、讀懂生詞率不超過3%的短文； (2)把握短文的主要線索、時(shí)間和空間； (3)能夠?qū)Χ涛膬?nèi)容作出簡(jiǎn)單以及抽象的判斷； (4)理解短文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，了解重點(diǎn)段落、重點(diǎn)詞 句的含義，推測(cè)作者意圖，把握文章脈絡(luò)。 (5)熟悉掌握實(shí)用性問題的文章，如：書刊、影視、 產(chǎn)品等方面的廣告、說明、通知、社評(píng)、旅游等。命題分析模塊 3 命題分析 近幾年新課標(biāo)高考的閱讀理解題呈現(xiàn)出以下特點(diǎn)： 1體裁多樣，選材新穎，話題廣泛 體裁的多樣化是最顯著的特點(diǎn)，涉及記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文和議論文，分布趨勢(shì)如下：說明文一般占40%左右；記敘文占35%左右；應(yīng)用文占15%左右；議論文占10%左右。考查最多的是說明文，特別是國(guó)外新科

3、技、新發(fā)明的說明文。從選材上看，涉及人物、故事、社會(huì)、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科普、新聞和廣告等多種題材，特別關(guān)注當(dāng)今大家都關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)話題，如教育、環(huán)境、道德情感、科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)、生活經(jīng)歷等，比如：2010上海卷A篇是一篇人物故事，描述了一位為了模塊 3 命題分析人與動(dòng)物的和諧而努力的“大象公主”；江西卷D篇介紹的是現(xiàn)代科技對(duì)于人們生活的影響。山東卷A篇關(guān)注的是一個(gè)特殊的群體：糖尿病人；B篇?jiǎng)t是介紹的商品的過渡包裝給環(huán)境造成的危害；四川卷B篇向我們介紹了一款環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)的房子，這在節(jié)能減排、房?jī)r(jià)居高不下的今天很有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，D篇是有關(guān)索馬里海盜的文章；陜西卷D篇?jiǎng)t選取了垃圾郵件的話題。這都顯示了選材的廣泛性、

4、時(shí)代性和人文性。模塊 3 命題分析 2語(yǔ)言地道，題型合理 材料都是選取原汁原味的英語(yǔ)文章，所選的材料均來源于實(shí)際生活，涉及的內(nèi)容也是實(shí)際生活內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)篇選材的真實(shí)性。在題型設(shè)計(jì)上，包括細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題和詞義猜測(cè)題等幾大題型，其中細(xì)節(jié)理解題保持了50%的比重，仍為考查重點(diǎn)，但是選項(xiàng)并非與文章完全對(duì)應(yīng)，而是換一種表述方法，或根據(jù)“弦外之音”猜測(cè)隱含細(xì)節(jié)的理解。推理判斷題呈上升趨勢(shì)，主旨大意題及詞義猜測(cè)題的比重基本保持穩(wěn)定。應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 一、掌握策略，戰(zhàn)無不勝 閱讀理解無論從難度還是分?jǐn)?shù)所占比重都是首先應(yīng)該受到學(xué)生重視的，但很多同學(xué)在做閱讀理解時(shí)總是感覺時(shí)間不夠用，

5、其實(shí)同學(xué)們只要靈活處理好以下幾個(gè)方面的關(guān)系，這個(gè)問題便可迎刃而解：模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 1正確處理好“快”與“準(zhǔn)”的關(guān)系 新課標(biāo)高考閱讀理解一般為45篇短文，設(shè)置20道單選題，考試時(shí)間3035分鐘。這就要求考生在處理閱讀理解的時(shí)候既要“快”，又要“準(zhǔn)”。也就是說，在準(zhǔn)確把握文章整體、細(xì)節(jié)以及嚴(yán)密推理的基礎(chǔ)上，盡量提高閱讀速度，而不是單純地追求閱讀速度。這樣對(duì)文章的理解就會(huì)非常清晰，哪些題目是自己有把握的，哪些是拿不準(zhǔn)的，心里也就有了底。然后對(duì)自己拿不準(zhǔn)的題目再仔細(xì)推敲，力爭(zhēng)有所突破。模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 2正確處理好復(fù)雜句式、生詞和選擇答案的關(guān)系 高考閱讀的長(zhǎng)句、難句的數(shù)量逐年增多。結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、修飾

6、語(yǔ)疊綴、信息容量大的句子在新課標(biāo)的高考試卷中頻頻出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)一個(gè)句子占幾行甚至一個(gè)自然段。這就造成了理解的困難，而且也增加了考生的心理壓力。為此，建議大家對(duì)這些攔路虎加以正確區(qū)分對(duì)待：與題目無關(guān)，不影響理解文章大意的，就不必浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力；相反，那些和題目相關(guān)的長(zhǎng)難句，我們就要首先分析其類型(是帶有較多成分的簡(jiǎn)單句，還是含有多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的并列句，還是含有多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句，還是含有多個(gè)插入成分的句子)，然后理清句子成分，去除干擾成分，抓住句子主干，這樣就能準(zhǔn)確地把握句子的意義。模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 對(duì)待生詞也應(yīng)該采取同樣的方法，首先看看生詞是否與題目、文章的大意有關(guān)，如果是題目要求所必需的，我們就要弄

7、清楚生詞所處的語(yǔ)境，以及和上下文的聯(lián)系，推測(cè)生詞的含義，否則就忽略它。模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 3正確處理好所需信息與剩余信息的關(guān)系 一篇閱讀理解一般在250400詞左右，通常設(shè)35題。一定會(huì)有大量的剩余信息。因此，我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)，沒有必要把每一句都弄得清清楚楚，只要重點(diǎn)理解與題目有關(guān)的信息就可以了。這就要求考生在答題時(shí)，最好先大體瀏覽一下文后的題目，確定主攻方向，然后帶著問題閱讀文章，特別要關(guān)注首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主題和脈絡(luò)，摘取有用的材料，舍棄無關(guān)的信息。然后針對(duì)測(cè)試題的要求，細(xì)心閱讀與問題有關(guān)的段落、句子或詞匯。模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 4所選有據(jù)，忠實(shí)原文，避免主觀 做題時(shí)，我們必須以作者的思

8、維模式為準(zhǔn)繩，以原文提供的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)和邏輯關(guān)系為自己思維活動(dòng)的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，切忌把自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法當(dāng)作原文或作者的觀點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，符合原文的選項(xiàng)是正確答案但不一定就是最佳答案，閱讀題要求選的是最佳答案，有的答案從某個(gè)枝節(jié)來看是對(duì)的，但從全文來看則不是最佳的，因此，必須通盤考慮，取主要，舍枝節(jié)。 模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 二、明確步驟，戰(zhàn)無不勝 第一步，閱讀題干，明確問題。在閱讀文章之前，可以通過題干對(duì)文章進(jìn)行初步了解。這樣，在下一步閱讀時(shí)就可以針對(duì)問題直接找答案，減少了盲目性。 第二步，快速掌握大意，不在細(xì)節(jié)上糾纏。在第一步的基礎(chǔ)上迅速閱讀并對(duì)文章有大致的了解。這是選出正確答案的前提。模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 第三

9、步，閱讀問題題干及其選項(xiàng)，在文中尋找相關(guān)的材料并預(yù)選答案?？稍谖闹邢鄳?yīng)處做出標(biāo)記，以便進(jìn)一步了解并最終確定答案。 第四步，帶著問題略讀原文，確定答案。答完所有題目后，再快速閱讀一遍文章，檢查各題所選答案是否正確。查看各題答案是否前后照應(yīng)，與原文有無矛盾，文中是否有疏漏的重要線索。模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 三、熟悉規(guī)律，減少失誤 有時(shí)候四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中總有一個(gè)極易誤選，很多同學(xué)感觸頗深，因此，了解閱讀理解題中的干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)，可以大大減少我們不必要的失誤。概括起來，干擾項(xiàng)可分為以下三種類型： 1與原文矛盾。即選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容相矛盾。這種選項(xiàng)的干擾性較小，只要仔細(xì)閱讀就可排除。模塊 3 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 2無中生有。即選

10、項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不矛盾，但在文中沒有相關(guān)信息支持，沒有根據(jù)。這類選項(xiàng)的干擾較大。在做此類題時(shí)，切忌把自己或他人觀點(diǎn)作為選擇依據(jù)。 3答非所問。選項(xiàng)與題目關(guān)系不大，選項(xiàng)沒有針對(duì)題目來闡述。這類題目干擾性也較大。同學(xué)們?cè)谧龃祟愵}時(shí)，不僅要判斷選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的正確性，還應(yīng)注意選項(xiàng)是否針對(duì)題目。題型探究模塊 3 題型探究 【命題形式】 1Which of the following statements is True (NOT True)? 2Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage? 3What i

11、s the reason that？ 4What do we know about？ 5How did the people know the couples problem? 6Why was the bike so important to the couple?探究點(diǎn)一細(xì)節(jié)理解型模塊 3 題型探究 【解題策略】 1掌握技巧，靈活運(yùn)用 (1)細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。解答此類試題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而應(yīng)采取“帶著問題找答案”的方法，先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句，仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較，確定答案。模塊 3 題型探

12、究 (2)變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常采用詞語(yǔ)和句型轉(zhuǎn)換的形式來取代原文中的表述，命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生，即對(duì)原句細(xì)微處做改動(dòng)，截取原文詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點(diǎn)說成B的觀點(diǎn)等。所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。模塊 3 題型探究 (3)多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時(shí)考查的并不是單一的信息，而是多處信息的整合。解答此類“綜合”信息細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，一定要全面捕捉相關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行綜合分析、歸納，切忌根據(jù)“一面之詞”草率地作出結(jié)論。 2了解特點(diǎn)，對(duì)癥下藥 (1)直接信息題 直接信息題能直接從原文中找到信息，而且選項(xiàng)和原文在語(yǔ)言表述

13、上也沒有大的變化或有時(shí)候僅僅在表達(dá)方式上稍作轉(zhuǎn)化。模塊 3 題型探究 【典例1】 2010寧夏海南 The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes walk). The House may present difficulties but the Visitors Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可進(jìn)入的)to wheelch

14、air users. The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace). 模塊 3 題型探究 ()1.A wheelchair user may need help to enter_ . Athe House Bthe garden Cthe Visitors Centre Dthe exhibition hall 【解析】 A題干關(guān)鍵詞為：wheelchair。根據(jù)選文中的“The House may present difficulties but the Visitors Centre, its exhibition, and

15、 the garden are accessible(可進(jìn)入的) to wheelchair users. ”可知：對(duì)于輪椅使用者來說，可能進(jìn)入房子有些困難，但是游客中心，展覽廳還有花園都可以進(jìn)入。由此可以直接得出答案。模塊 3 題型探究 (2)間接信息題 這類題目我們能夠從文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是解題所直接需要的，需要我們對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行合理地加工處理，根據(jù)信息做簡(jiǎn)單推理或鑒別。它是介于直接信息題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型。 【典例2】 To us，the most important decision youll make is to choose the school that r

16、eally fits you bestnot the one that is the most competitive(有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的)or has the best equipped rooms.模塊 3 題型探究 ()2.The author thinks you should choose the college that is _.AwellequippedBcompetitiveCsuitable Dfamous 【解析】 C從文中可以看出，作者認(rèn)為選擇學(xué)校的時(shí)候最重要的是學(xué)校要適合(fit)你，即選項(xiàng)C，而不是“裝備最好的”或“最有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的”。模塊 3 題型探究 (3)綜合信息題 這類

17、題目的信息不僅僅涉及文章的某一句話，還可能涉及文章的幾句話，而且有時(shí)可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能“斷章取義”，也不能張冠李戴。模塊 3 題型探究 【典例3】 2010湖北 Third, needing to be right. It doesnt matter what the topic ispolitics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an eggthe point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and

18、the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authoritysomeone who actually knows somethingand therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, theyll continue to fight these battles forever and never make

19、 any real progress.模塊 3 題型探究 ()1.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to _. Agive orders to the other Bknow more than the other Cgain respect from the other Dget the other to behave properly模塊 3 題型探究 【解析】 C 題干的關(guān)鍵詞是want to be right because，回原文定位到該段的“Third, needing to be right”. 然后接著往下

20、看“It doesnt matter what the topic ispolitics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an eggthe point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be模塊 3 題型探究 considered an authoritysomeone who actually knows somethingand therefore to comm

21、and respect. ” 這句話雖然看起來很復(fù)雜，如果遇到插入語(yǔ)可以跳過不看，這里破折號(hào)中間的內(nèi)容均為插入語(yǔ)，將其省略，句子就會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單得多。又由于題干是對(duì)原因的提問，這里我們只需重點(diǎn)看for后面的內(nèi)容，“for both wish to be considered an authority and therefore to command respect”，故答案為C。模塊 3 題型探究 (4)是非辨別型 這是一類綜合事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，出題形式常常是“三正一誤”(三項(xiàng)正確，只有一項(xiàng)不符合原文內(nèi)容)或“三誤一正”(三項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，只有一項(xiàng)符合原文內(nèi)容)。 【典例4】 2010山東 Christophe

22、r Thomas,27，was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast.Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病)，Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰島素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage，blindness and even death.And if tha

23、t werent bad enough，he had no health insurance.模塊 3 題型探究 After a month of feeling upset，Thomas decided hed better find a way to fight back.He left Canton，Michigan for New York，got a job waiting tables，nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar，and created ，a free online community for diabetics and thei

24、r loved onesa place where over 1,100 people share personal stories，information and resources.模塊 3 題型探究 Jason Swenckis son，Kody，was diagnosed with diabetes at six.Father and son visit the online childrens forums(論壇)together most evenings.“Kody gets so excited，writing to kids from all over，”says Swenc

25、ki，one of the sites volunteers.“They know what hes going through，so he doesnt feel alone.” Kody is anything but alone：Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States，with 24 million diagnosed cases.And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages.模塊 3 題型探究 These days，Thoma

26、ss main focus is his charity(慈善機(jī)構(gòu))，F(xiàn)ight It，which provides medicines and supplies to people225 to date who cant afford a diabetics huge expenses. Fight has raised about $23,000in products and in cash.In May，Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.模塊 3 題型探究 Even

27、with a staff of 22 volunteers，Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause，while still doing his fulltime job waiting tables.“Of the diabetes charities out there，most are putting money into finding a cure，”says Bentley Gubar，one of Rockstars original members.“But Christopher is the only p

28、erson I know saying people need help now.”模塊 3 題型探究 ()1.Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas? AHe needs to go to the doctor every day. BHe studies the leading cause of diabetes. CHe has a positive attitude to his disease. DHe encourages diabetics by writing articles.模塊 3 題型探究 【解析】 C通

29、讀全文可知，Christopher Thomas對(duì)于自己的疾病采取了積極的態(tài)度，所以C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)與Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰島素) three times a day for the rest of his life不符；B項(xiàng)文中未提到；D項(xiàng)提到的寫作是Thomas的專職工作，而他在抗擊糖尿病方面的志愿工作是運(yùn)作Fight It 這個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。模塊 3 題型探究 (5)事實(shí)排序題 這是一類運(yùn)用多項(xiàng)事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，要求根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序、時(shí)間順序或者句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出時(shí)間發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順序。 【典例

30、5】 A Russian lawyer yesterday said the countrys border guards repeatedly fired on and sank the fleeing Chinese cargo vessel off Russias coast on Sunday.模塊 3 題型探究 Alexander Selentsov, a law officer in Vladivostok city, told the Interfax News Agency the Russian border guards received orders from the F

31、ederal Security Service last weekend “to open fire ”on New Star, the Chinese ship, to stop it from escaping Russias Nakhodka port. “The order was carried out after radio warnings，”he said. Russian officials had preciously denied border guards had fired on the ship after local media reported the inci

32、dent and said severe weather caused the sinking.模塊 3 題型探究 Vladivostok Daily Newsm the first newspaper to report that the ship was fired upon, said more than 500 rounds were shot at the ships bow and stern. The Russian border guards watched the ship sink for nearly 24 hours, and made no response to t

33、he crewmens cries for help, the report said. Sixteen sailors from New Star boarded two lifeboats, Russian crewmen saved one lifeboat. While the other, carrying seven Chinese and an Indonesian, was swallowed by waves. 模塊 3 題型探究 ()1.Which is the right order of the ship sinking? a. New Star overturned

34、and started sinking. b. One lifeboat was swallowed by waves. c. Russian warship fired upon New Star. d. Sailors boarded two life boats. Aa c b d Bb a c d Cc a d b Dd c a b 模塊 3 題型探究 【解析】 C事實(shí)排序題。由文章的介紹可以看出，這些事件中：俄羅斯軍艦開火發(fā)生在最前面，然后是“新星號(hào)”下沉，接下來是船員登上救生艇，最后是一艘救生艇被海水吞沒。 【規(guī)律技巧提煉】 在具體的解答中可采用 “首尾定位法”，即先找出首先發(fā)生的

35、事和最后發(fā)生的事，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出答案。模塊 3 題型探究 (6)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題 要弄清數(shù)據(jù)間的邏輯關(guān)系，選準(zhǔn)正確的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，同時(shí)弄清單位之間的換算關(guān)系。 【典例6】 2010寧夏海南 Shakespeares Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeares World模塊 3 題型探究 ()1.How much is the admission for a family of two grownups and two children? A$9.80 B$12.00 C$14.20 D$16.40 【解析】 B 題干關(guān)鍵詞為admission

36、。由此可知，應(yīng)該去第二個(gè)表格中尋找相關(guān)的信息。根據(jù)第二個(gè)表格中Family 12.0 (2 adults up to 3 children)，即是一家人(2個(gè)成年人至多3個(gè)小孩)需要12.0可知答案。模塊 3 題型探究 主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解中不可缺少的閱讀題型之一，而且難度比較大。細(xì)分起來，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的中心思想、作者的態(tài)度以及寫作意圖等的理解能力。 【命題形式】 1考查文章的中心思想 The main idea/key point of this passage is that_. The passage is mainly about _. 探究點(diǎn)二主旨大意型模塊 3 題型探究

37、From the passage we can learn/conclude that_. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 2考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇 The best title/headline for this passage is_. Which of the following is the best title? What would be the best title for the text? The title that best expresses the

38、 idea of this passage is_. 模塊 3 題型探究 【解題策略】 1抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨 找準(zhǔn)主題句是關(guān)鍵。尋找主題句多采用瀏覽法(skimming)。主題句有可能在文章開頭，或在一段的開頭，也有可能在中間或末尾。在很多情況下，主題句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息詞。主題句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等信息詞。利用這些信息詞，可幫助你迅速找到主題句。一般來說，文章前三句所提供的信息能夠讓讀者了解其大模塊 3 題型探究大致內(nèi)容，而讀懂每段的第一句話則有助于掌握本段的主要內(nèi)容。這樣做的目的不僅

39、在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在時(shí)間緊迫的情況下，可以對(duì)一段話進(jìn)行縮讀、略讀和掃讀。 2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想 尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。模塊 3 題型探究 3抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章中心 分析的方法是：先弄清該文章主要講了哪幾方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，把握住全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。對(duì)這種能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心內(nèi)容、文中某一段的大意或指代關(guān)系的題目中。模塊 3 題型探究 【典例1

40、】 2010四川 (第四段)Candidates(申請(qǐng)人) will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable. 模塊 3 題型探究 ()1.What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about

41、? AThe technical skills of a wouldbe ROM. BThe practical experience of a wouldbe ROM. CThe personal information of a wouldbe ROM. DThe necessary requirements for a wouldbe ROM.模塊 3 題型探究 【解析】 D主旨大意題。依據(jù)第四段提供的信息，申請(qǐng)人要有管理和技術(shù)服務(wù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、研究操作的知識(shí)及極好的交際技能等可知本段主要談及對(duì)應(yīng)聘職位者的具體能力要求。模塊 3 題型探究 【典例2】 2010遼寧 Too much TVwat

42、ching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California thirdgraders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms s

43、cored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs. 模塊 3 題型探究 A second study ，looking at nearly 1,000 grownups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26yearolds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results dont prove that TV i

44、s the cause and dont rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年輕人)may watch lots of TV. 模塊 3 題型探究 ()1.What would be the best title for this text? AComputers or Television BEffects of Television on Children CStudies on TV and College Education DTelevision and Childrens Learning Habits 【解析】

45、B主旨大意題。該文屬于主題句在篇首。通讀全文可知，文章主要通過兩項(xiàng)研究分析了兒童看電視所造成的影響。文章第一段第一句話是主題句，所以B項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題是最佳的。模塊 3 題型探究 【規(guī)律技巧提煉】 新聞報(bào)道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，然后再詳細(xì)敘述事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局，因此其第一段一般是全文的主題段。另外有些說明性或議論性文章也會(huì)開門見山地提出文章說明的中心或闡述的觀點(diǎn)，然后再展開說明或論述。模塊 3 題型探究 【典例3】 2010重慶 One morning more than thirty years ago，I entered the Track Kitchen，a restaurant

46、 where everyone from the humblest(卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast.I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly，unshaven man，who looked somewhat disheveled.He was wearing a wornout hat and was alone.I asked if I might join him.He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.模塊 3 題型探究

47、 We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things.We never introduced ourselves.I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat.So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee，I asked， “May I get you something？” “A

48、 coffee would be nice.”模塊 3 題型探究 Then I bought him a cup of coffee.We talked more，and he accepted another cup of coffee.Finally，I rose to leave，wished him well，and headed for the exit.At the door I met one of my friends.He asked， “How did you get to know Mr.Galbreath？” “Who？” “The man you were sitti

49、ng with.He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”模塊 3 題型探究 I could hardly believe it.I was buying，offering a free breakfast，and feeling pity for one of the worlds richest and most powerful men! My few minutes with Mr.Galbreath changed my life.Now I try to treat everyone with respect，no matter

50、 who I think they are，and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.模塊 3 題型探究 ()1.What is the message mainly expressed in the story? AWe should learn to be generous. BIt is honorable to help those in need. CPeople in high positions are not like what we expect. DWe should avoid judging

51、people by their appearances. 模塊 3 題型探究 【解析】 D主旨大意題。該文屬于主題句在篇末。根據(jù)文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity. 可知，作者想要表達(dá)的是不要以貌取人。由此判斷選D項(xiàng)。模塊 3 題型探究 【規(guī)律技巧提煉】 有些說明文或議論文先說明或議論一般的問題或現(xiàn)象，然后具體闡述正確的方式或作者自己的觀點(diǎn)，等到把一切問

52、題都說透了，所有論據(jù)都擺全了，最后用一句話來概括全文，點(diǎn)明文章的中心，此種情況下文章的主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的最后。模塊 3 題型探究 【典例4】 2010江西 Andy rode slowly on his way to school，daydreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him.He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.模塊 3 題型探

53、究 He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present.He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens.What he saw shocked and terrified him.A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.模塊 3 題型探究 With no time to

54、waste，Andy sped off in the opposite direction，riding furiouslybut without knowing how to escape the swarm.With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously，he sped down the rough road.As the bees came closer，his panic increased.Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇)The last sting

55、 had landed him in hospitaland that was only one bee sting！He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days.Suddenly，his fathers words came to him.“When you are in a tight situation，dont panic.Use your brain and think your way out of it.”模塊 3 題型探究 On a nearby hill，he could see smoke waving slowl

56、y skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home.“Bees dont like smoke，”he thought.“They couldnt get into the house.”Andy raced towards the Nelson house，but the bees were gaining ground.Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.模塊 3 題

57、型探究 Suddenly，out of the corner of his eyes，he spotted a small dam used by Mr.Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he dived，disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects.After holding his breath for as long as he could，Andy came up for air an

58、d noticed the bees had gone.Dragging himself out of the dam，he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell.Mr.Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.模塊 3 題型探究 “Youll really need that fishing break to help you recover，” laughed his mother with relief.“Thank goodness you didnt panic！”But An

59、dy did not hear her.He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.模塊 3 題型探究 ()1.Which of the following can best describe Andys escape from the bees? ANo pains, no gains. BOnce bitten, twice shy. CWhere there is a will, there is a way. DIn time of danger, ones mind works fast. 模塊 3 題

60、型探究 【解析】 D主旨大意題。本文講述了主人公Andy在上學(xué)途中遭遇蜂群攻擊， 急中生智， 最后順利避開蜜蜂，逃過一劫的故事。根據(jù)最后一段第二句Andy媽媽的話“Thank goodness you didnt panic(謝天謝地你沒有慌神)”可知，情急之下Andy仍然成功想到辦法脫險(xiǎn)，再綜合A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思， 可以判斷出答案為D選項(xiàng)。模塊 3 題型探究 【規(guī)律技巧提煉】 閱讀中最棘手的恐怕要數(shù)所選的短文出現(xiàn)無主題句的情況。如果沒有主題句，考生可以采用提綱挈領(lǐng)法，通過分析細(xì)節(jié)把文章的要點(diǎn)歸納出來。尤其是記敘文，作者有時(shí)僅僅敘述事件所發(fā)生的時(shí)間或介紹人物，并不發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)，因此